19852 research outputs found
Sort by
[[alternative]]The Feasibility of the Promotion of Bring Excrement Down the Mountain for the LNT Policy in High Altitude National Parks: Perspectives of Stakeholders
No full text[[abstract]] 隨著日益盛行的登山活動，登山客排遺問題已然成為管理單位難以解決之困境。台灣雪霸國家公園管理處於2017年11月29日至12月1日舉辦『淨．愛的雪山 排遺帶下山』活動，宣示落實無痕山林與生態永續的精神，惟活動的推行引起各方不同的意見。本研究針對相關利害關係者進行深度訪談，以質性研究的方法嘗試探析雪霸國家管理處舉辦此活動的效應，以及登山客的接受度。研究結果發現：1.相對於一次性的宣導活動，實施登山教育、提升國民素質，才是實踐無痕山林的根本之道。2.公部門對於自揹排遺下山，應有軟、硬體等相關配套措施。3.隨著科技材料與智慧工法的進步，建置乾式高山生態廁所的困難度已降低很多，沒有直升機運送建材不再成為公部門無法建廁所的理由。4.因應觀光局將2020年定位為「脊梁山脈旅遊年」，且行政院於2019年6月1日開始實施「山林解禁」，國家公園將取消入山管制，林務局亦將開放所有林道，管理山岳的公部門應在軟、硬體設施上，提供更人性、更有國際競爭力的服務。綜上結果，期可做為相關單位未來管理高山排遺的參考。[[abstract]] With the increasingly popular mountaineering activities, the issue of mountaineering platooning has become a difficult situation for management units to solve. The management of Taiwan's Shei-Pa National Park will be held from November 29th to December 1st, 2017. The ＂Xue Mountain Passage Down the Mountain＂ campaign will be held to declare the implementation of the spirit of seamless forests and ecological sustainability. Different opinions of the party. This study conducts in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders and attempts to explore the effects of the Sheba National Management Office in organizing this activity and the acceptance of mountaineers. The research results show that: 1. Compared with the one-time promotion activities, implementing mountaineering education and improving the quality of the people is the fundamental way to practice the mountain without a trace. 2. The public sector shall have relevant supporting measures such as soft and hard body for the self-removal of the mountain. 3. With the advancement of scientific materials and wisdom, the difficulty of building dry alpine ecological toilets has been reduced. The lack of helicopters to transport building materials is no longer a reason why the public sector cannot build toilets. 4. In response to the Sightseeing Bureau's positioning of 2020 as the ＂Year of the Ridge Mountains＂, and the Executive Yuan on June 1, 2019, the implementation of the ＂Mountain Ban＂, the National Park will cancel the mountain control, and the Forest Service will also open all forest roads. The public sector that manages mountains should provide more humane and more internationally competitive services in soft and hardware facilities. In summary, the period can be used as a reference for the relevant units to manage the alpine drainage in the future
[[alternative]]An Analysis of Operational Efficiency of Non-Profit Proprietary Hospitals after the Second Generation NHI in Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]] 自全民健康保險法開辦後，財務問題嚴重，因此2013年二代健保因應而生，但醫院經營環境卻更加艱難。本研究運用資料包絡分析法評估2013-2017年期間，二代健保後醫療院所經營績效，發現二代健保實施後，台灣22縣市醫療院所之經營績效明顯存在下滑情形。本研究進一步分析2017年303間評鑑合格醫療院所之經營績效，經單因子變異數分析與事後比較發現地區醫院、區域醫院、準醫學中心與醫學中心等四種評鑑型態醫院之績效存在顯著差異，事後檢定顯示，地區醫院總效率顯著優於準醫學中心；非教學醫院總效率優於教學醫院，私人醫院總效率則優於公立醫院。[[abstract]] Since the launch of the National Health Insurance, the financial problems have been serious. Therefore, the second-generation health insurance was born in 2013, but the hospital operating environment is even more difficult. In this study, the data envelopment analysis method was used to evaluate the performance of the second-generation health care hospitals during the period of 2013-2017. It was found that the performance of the hospitals in 22 counties and cities in Taiwan after the implementation of the second-generation health insurance was obviously declining. This study further analyzed the operating performance of 303 eligible medical institutions in 2017. The results of One-Way ANOVA and Scheffé show that operational efficiency are significantly different within district hospital, regional hospital, would-be medical center and medical center. The operational efficiency of non-teaching hospitals are found better than teaching hospitals and private hospitals are superior to public hospitals
[[alternative]]A Study of Personality and Finacial Behavior for the Police and Firefighters
No full text[[abstract]] 近年來，公務員因為年金改革，退休後的退休金(福利)不復從前，不再是人們口中的鐵飯碗，公務員把大半輩子的時間耗在公務機關、克盡職守，原先預想老年生活依靠政府輕鬆生活，現在卻變成只能勉強渡日。人算不如天算，有早一步先機的公務員，猜想政府的退休年金給付靠不住，已慢慢把部份資金轉投資。讓本研究者好奇的是什麼樣的人格特質讓從事警消工作的公務員，能未雨綢繆，好好運用薪水，有一套個人的理財方法，將各種財務問題迎刃而解，檢視個人的財務狀況，建立屬於自己的一套系統式的金錢管理、理財方法，確認個人達到預期的投資目標與效果，以達到更好的生活品質。 本研究係採問卷調查法，以嘉義、彰化地區從事警消工作領域的公務人員為研究對象，研究結果發現： 一、警消人員的人格特質屬嚴謹性。 二、警消人員教育程度的高低在人格特質與理財行為上有相關性。[[abstract]] In recent years, due to the pension reform, public servants are no longer so-called life-long job, since the benefit after retirement is getting worse. Those who work for the government spend most of their lifetime dedicating to government agencies; in the beginning, they had a great blueprint toward life after retirement, now they need only got enough money to survive. As the saying goes, “One never arranges enough to beat changes.＂ However, there are some public servants, taking the preemptive opportunities, have gradually transferred their capital into other investing activities since they had supposed that the annuity payment wouldn't be reliable. What makes my research surprise is that what are the characteristics of the Police and firefighters, so that they can think ahead to fully utilize the salary with their own financing methods. Thus, one can build his own systematic management of capital and method of financing by reviewing personal financial status, in order to obtaining better quality of life. Based on the public servants, the police and firefighters working in Chiayi and Changhua, this research has found: I.The personality of the Police and firefighters are conscientious. II.The education of the Police and firefighters has correlation between personality and finacial behavior
[[alternative]]Motivation, Experience, and Satisfaction of Tourists Visiting Huwei Township Sightseeing Resources
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在瞭解，到底是哪些因素促使遊客想要運用虎尾鎮的觀光資源、遊客最常去哪些地方及他們對於虎尾各種觀光資源的滿意程度，才能知道如何配合遊客的需求，去加以發展或改善。 本研究之研究方法以問卷調查法進行，針對虎尾鎮的遊客施測，以便利抽樣方式進行，有效問卷為256份。本研究的問卷設計採取的方式有單選、排列喜好順序以及五點李克特量表（Likert Scale）。然後以SPSS統計軟體來進行分析，以斯皮爾曼（spearman）來進行分析。結論如下：一、原始動機中，最受到同意的動機有歷史建築物動機、美食動機、生態動機、誠品書店動機。二、在滿意度促進動機上，文化觀光滿意度、美食觀光滿意度、夜間照明滿意度、購物方便滿意度、餐飲價格滿意度較能促進再次觀光動機。三、有約50%的人同意或非常同意運用虎尾鎮觀光資源的次數有逐年增加，所以虎尾鎮在近年的努力可說是成效顯著。四、足夠的停車位滿意度是所有滿意度當中最低的，不滿意與非常不滿意高達52%。 因此，在所有施政面向上，政府應該優先增加停車位或加強公共運輸。[[abstract]] The purpose of this research are to find out the factors which motivate the visitors to using sightseeing resources in Huwei township, where the visitors visit most often, and to look at their satisfaction of these sightseeing resources. Among all of these details, the evaluator can know how to meet the tourists' needs, and how to develop or improve. The research focuses on testing visitors in Huwei township, which was conducted by using questionnaires. By convenience samplings, there are 256 effective questionnaires received. The research tool is designed with multiple choice questions, ordinal scales, and Liker Scale. After that, the evaluator used a SPSS(Statistical Product and Service Solutions) software and spearman to analyze the statistics. The following are the results: 1.In primary motivations, the most acceptable motivations are history building motivation, food motivation, eco-tourism motivation, and the Eslite Bookstore motivation.2.The motivations which promote satisfactions are: cultural tourism satisfaction, food tourism satisfaction, night illuminating satisfaction, easy shopping satisfaction, and food price satisfaction3.More than 50% of the participants agree or strongly agree that the usage of sightseeing resources in Huwei township is increasing year by year. That is, it seems that the efforts were made in Huwei township are significant.4.The enough parking spaces satisfaction is the least satisfied among all of the satisfactions. The rates of not satisfied and strongly not satisfied are up to 52%. Therefore, in all governance areas, the most important priority is the government needs to add more parking spaces or to reinforce public transportation
[[alternative]]A Research on the Acceptance Attitude of the Inclusive Education Caring Angels to the Resource Class Classmates--A Case of Senior-Grade Elementary School Students in New Taipei City
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在探討新北市某國小高年級愛心小天使對資源班同儕的接納態度。以研究背景與動機為研究基礎並提出研究目的與問題，再蒐集了相關文獻加以探討分析，以作為研究架構與方法的研究設計。本研究以問卷調查法，探討在不同背景的國小愛心小天使對資源班同儕的接納態度；並以半結構式訪談法，進一步深入瞭解愛心小天使的接納態度差異如何。 問卷調查部分，在新北市某國小以定額取樣方式，共取得樣本數30人為調查對象，根據研究對象在研究者自編之「國小融合教育愛心小天使對資源班同儕接納態度問卷」上的加權得分反應，予以統計分析。訪談部分採刻意取樣方式，以愛心小天使為取樣範圍，選取6位學生進行訪談，以增強研究之完整性。經歸納本研究分析得到結論有二：一、愛心小天使對資源班同儕接納態度，整體而言傾向積極又正向。二、不同背景之愛心小天使對資源班同儕接納態度的差異內容。 最後根據本研究結果提出建議事項，以供學校行政單位、實施融合教育班級之導師及未來研究的參考。[[abstract]] The purpose of this research is to study the attitudes of acceptancy of the caring angels of fifth and sixth graders toward resource class students at the selected elementary school in New Taipei City. The research purposes and questions were raised based on the research background and the motivation. Literatures were reviewed and analyzed for constructing the research framework as well as for deciding the research methods. In this study, questionnaires were conducted to explore the attitudes of acceptancy of caring angels from different backgrounds toward resource class students. In addition, semi-structured interview was used to better understand the differences between caring angels attitudes. Quota sampling method was used in the questionnaires. 30 people were obtained as the objects from the selected elementary school in New Taipei City. The result of the questionnaires with weighted score were statistically analyzed. As for the interview, deliberate sampling method used and applied on six selected students. The findings are as follows: 1. Overall speaking, the attitude of acceptancy of caring angels toward resource class students were positive.2. The caring angel from different backgrounds held different attitudes of acceptancy toward resource class students. Finally, suggestions based on the findings of the research will be provided for administrative units in school, instructors from the inclusive educational classes, and references for further research
[[alternative]]A Publicly Verifiable Quantum Signature Scheme based on Asymmetric Quantum Cryptography
No full text[[abstract]] 在2018年，Shi等人表明，Kaushik等人的量子簽章方案存在缺陷。它遭受了偽造攻擊。他們進一步提出了改進措施，試圖避免這種攻擊。但是，經過檢驗，我們發現他們改進的量子簽章法是可以被否認的，因為驗證者可以冒充簽章者簽署一條訊息。此後，當發生爭議時，他可以辯稱簽章是來自簽章者，而不是他所簽的。為了克服這種缺點，在本文中，我們提出了更進一步的改進，使其成為一個真實可用的量子簽章，可以被公開的非特定驗證者所驗證，因此可以更實際應用於現實生活中。在密碼分析之後，我們確認我們改進的簽章法不僅可以抵禦偽造攻擊，而且是不可否認的。[[abstract]] In 2018, Shi et al showed that Kaushik et al's quantum signature scheme is defective. It suffers from the forgery attack. They further proposed an improvement, trying to avoid the attack. However, after examining we found their improved quantum signatureis deniable, because the verifier can impersonate the signer to sign a message. After that, when a dispute occurs, he can argue that the signature was not signed by him. It was from the signer. To overcome the drawback, in this paper, we proposed an improvement to make it a practical signature to be publicly verified and can be applied in real life. After cryptanalysis, we confirm that our improvement not only can resist the forgery attack but also is undeniable
[[alternative]]A Study on the Decision-Making Factors of Preschool Teachers in Picture Books Selection Using Hierarchical Analysis
No full text[[abstract]] 當今針對幼兒所設計的繪本玲瑯滿目，每年各國也不乏有許多新的繪本問世，而幼教老師使用繪本融入教學的現況更是屢見不鮮。使用繪本融入教學有激發學習動機、模擬真實情境、提供豐富語料、增進邏輯思考能力等優點。因此，選擇優質之幼兒繪本可協助提升教學成效，並引導幼兒正向發展。本研究目的在評估幼教老師於教學使用上選擇幼兒繪本之評估指標。以幼兒園教師為研究對象，並進行問卷調查，共回收有效問卷115份。透過層級分析法(AHP)分析樣本，決定各準則之相對權重，以歸納出選擇幼兒繪本的考慮因素與權重關係。 本研究依據相關參考文獻及專家建議，擬訂出「內容屬性」、「繪圖屬性」、「口碑屬性」等三個構面及十四項選擇繪本的評估準則，建立評估架構，透過層級分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process； 簡稱AHP） 進行資料分析與整理，以分析影響幼教老師評選幼兒繪本之因素，以及這些影響選擇繪本因素之權重及優先順序。研究結果發現：在三個影響挑選繪本的主要因素當中，「口碑屬性」權重排序最高，「繪圖屬性」次之，排序最後為「內容屬性」。而「口碑屬性」其中的評估準則「出版社」(0.1801)及「獲獎」(0.1046)的權重則在所有評估準則當中排列一、二名。可見幼教老師在評選幼兒繪本時會受教師的先備經驗影響評選的決定，首重繪本出自於哪家出版社及是否曾獲得獎項的紀錄來作挑選繪本的依據。本研究依據研究結果提供一套客觀、有效之評選標準以供教育單位及教師教學參考。[[abstract]] Nowadays, there are many picture books designed for children. Every year, many new picture books come out in many countries. It is common for preschool teachers to integrate picture books into teaching. The use of picture books in teaching has the advantages of stimulating learning motivation, simulating real situation, providing rich corpus and improving logical thinking ability. Therefore, the selection of high-quality picture books for children can help improve teaching effectiveness and guide children's positive development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of picture books by preschool teachers. A total of 115 valid questionnaires were collected. AHP is used to analyze the samples and determine the relative weight of each criterion, so as to conclude the consideration factors and weight relationship of choosing children's picture books. Based on the relevant references and experts' suggestions, this study developed three dimensions and 14 evaluation criteria for choosing picture books, including content attribute, drawing attribute and word-of-mouth attribute, established the evaluation framework, and adopted the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) Data analysis and sorting were carried out to analyze the factors influencing the selection of picture books by preschool teachers, and the weight and priority of these factors. The results show that among the three main factors that affect the selection of picture books, word-of-mouth attribute ranks the highest, drawing attribute ranks the second, and content attribute ranks the last. The weight of evaluation criteria press (0.1801) and award (0.1046) in reputation attribute ranks first and second among all evaluation criteria. It can be seen that the decision of children's picture book selection will be influenced by the teacher's prior experience. The first picture book is from which publishing house and the record of whether it has won an award as the basis for choosing picture books. Based on the research results, this study provides a set of objective and effective evaluation criteria for educational units and teachers
[[alternative]]Applying Hierarchical Architecture Analysis Technology to Evaluate the Operating Efficiency of Taiwan Book Dealers
No full text[[abstract]] 圖書經銷公司是扮演出版產業鏈上游出版社與下游通路的重要關鍵角色，圖書經銷公司同時也需在出版社與通路之間協助商流、物流、金流與資訊流等相關後勤支援服務，因此探討有關圖書經銷公司的經營效率議題就不可忽略這些後勤服務的功能。本研究以圖書經銷公司的評估準則為分析議題，根據文獻分析整理出影響圖書經銷公司經營效率評估的四項構面與十二項準則，這四個構面分別「物流構面」、「金流構面」、「商流構面」以及「資訊流構面」。AHP分析的結果顯示金流構面的「金流風險的程度」、「付款週期的規範」以及「作業收費的合理」，這三項構面都屬於80/20法則中較為重要的準則，顯示金流構面是圖書經銷公司的評估準則中最為重要的項目，最後，本文並根據研究結果提出討論與建議。[[abstract]] Book distribution companies play an important key role in upstream publishers and downstream channels of the publishing industry chain. At the same time, book distribution companies also need to assist the logistics, logistics, gold flow and information flow related logistics support services between the publishers and the channels. When discussing issues concerning the operating efficiency of book distribution companies, the functions of these logistic services cannot be ignored. This study takes the evaluation criteria of book distribution companies as the analysis topic and sorts out four aspects and twelve criteria that affect the evaluation of book distribution companies' operating efficiency based on literature analysis. These four aspects are the ＂logistics aspect＂, ＂gold Flow Facet＂, ＂Business Flow Facet＂ and ＂Information Flow Facet＂. The results of the AHP analysis show the ＂degree of gold flow risk＂, ＂standardization of payment cycle＂, and ＂reasonable operation charges＂ of the gold flow facet. These three facets belong to the more important criteria in the 80/20 rule, which the gold flow facet is the most important item in the evaluation criteria of the book distribution company. Finally, this article makes discussions and suggestions based on the research results
[[alternative]]A Study on the Consideration Factors of Parents' Choice of Cram School Selection Using AHP Analysis Method--Taking a Cram School in Chiayi City as an Example
No full text[[abstract]] 社會出現了少子化現象、短期文理補習班未隨少子化因素而減少數量、補教業總平均薪資最低，對補習班而言，意味著需要面對憎多粥少招生不易的情況，也造成補教市場同業相對競爭，各家補習無不使出渾身解數，想盡辦法規劃招生策略，甚至殺價競爭，除了怕教學品質受到影響外，補習班經營者擬定對的經營策略方向，也成為經營補習班重要的課題。本文以嘉義市某補習班為例，探討學生之家長選擇補習班考量的因素，經相關文獻探討，將家長許多的選擇補習班考量因素建構層級架構關係，並建構出影響家長選擇補習班考量的四大構面，分別是「補習班口碑」、「補習班師資」、「補習班課程」、「補習班環境」，以及各構面的各項評估指標共十六項。經由專家問卷的發放與資料分析後，發現家長選擇補習班的考量因素重要性依序分別是「補習班師資」、「補習班課程」、「補習班口碑」、「補習班環境」。至於在十六項評估項目準則中，依其重要度的優先順序前六名為「授課方式」、「教學資歷」、「講義內容」、「課後輔導」、「成績進步」、「安全立案」。本研究家長問卷之分析進行探討，再與補習班老師經營者問卷之分析相對比較結果，將提供給補習班經營者，作為擬定經營策略，有助於補習班招生。[[abstract]] The children are getting fewer and fewer in society, but the number of cram schools has not decreased. For cram schools, enrollment is not easy, and the cram school market is highly competitive. Everyone in company has to make all-out effort of enrollment methods, even price-cutting competition. For cram school operators, it is an important topics to formulate enrollment strategies and maintain teaching quality. The article took a cram school in Chiayi City as an example to explore the consideration factors that parents are faced when choosing cram schools. After some investigation of relevant literature this paper constructed a hierarchical structural relation of parents' complex school-selection considerations and constructed four major aspects that influenced the decision-making factors of parents' cram school choices. They are＂word of mouth＂,＂teachers＂,＂courses＂, and＂environment＂, plus a total of 16 evaluation indicators for various aspects. After the issuance of the expert questionnaires, and the data analysis results, it was found that when parents are choosing the cram school, the importance of the considerations they placed are respectively in the order of＂teachers＂,＂courses＂,＂word of mouth＂, and＂environment＂. As for the sixteen assessment criteria, the top six in order of importance were＂the way to teach＂,＂teaching experiences＂,＂handout＂,＂after school tutoring＂,＂performance improvement＂, and＂safe filling＂. The results of this study will serve as a reference for cram school management, to assist them in marketing and business strategies
[[alternative]]Research on the Teaching Thoughts of Xunzi
No full text[[abstract]] 荀子思想最重要的來源是周公和孔子，他也受到當時各大學派不同深淺程度的影響，他把前人的思想予以新的綜合，同時經由批判的過程，發展出自己的創見和獨有的系統，在先秦諸子學術思想中，荀子的學說體系龐大，包含了修身、教育、政治、禮治、經濟……。 本研究旨在探討荀子教學思想的原理和認知主張，他認為人為的努力可以改善先天情性的惡，也就是化性起偽，而化性起偽的方法在於師法禮義與積慮習能、節情導欲與以心治性、慎擇環境與良師益友。在教學態度上，他主張觀機逗教的問答教學，並依照個別差異來調整教學內容或引導方式，而予以個別指導。此外，荀子認為專一守恆、積學不懈才能達成教學目的，而教學的目的則是成為聖人。對於學習的教材內容則以「五經」最為重要，亦即以詩書諸經為基礎，以禮為大成，而禮之三本所展現的貴始與人道精神，正是禮的作用。 在認知主張方面，荀子進一步指出在學習過程中，往往看不到問題的所在而造成曲蔽，而解蔽的方法是兼陳懸衡與兼權。荀子認為「心」有知慮擇辨及自主的特質與功能，「心」的解蔽之道是用虛壹而靜來養之以清、採禮義之道來導之以理，不論是要化性起偽，或是要成就道德，都需要有禮義道統的標準才能完成。荀子認為心的作用不只能夠知慮思辨與調節欲求，它更進一步的可以知類明統，荀子所說的統類即是禮義之統。掌握統類，則古往今來的歷史興衰，都可以明白其脈絡，亦即孔子所說的「損益三世，雖百世可知也」，而涵養大清明之心則可知類明統，知類明統在心的運作之下，使禮義法制得以落實在日常而順其變。 本論文最後歸納荀子在教學思想上的創見：經驗主義思想的開拓、重視禮義之道的理想人生、積極有為的入世教育思想。荀子認為發揮積極有為的教育精神才能增進人倫的和諧，他這種高度積極的人道觀，正是荀子思想的偉大貢獻。[[abstract]] Xunzi had origins of thoughts from Zhou Gong and Confucius. Meanwhile, he was influenced by different schools at that time. Xunzi combined the ideas and developed uniqueness through a critical process. Of the academic thoughts of the pre-Qin philosophers, Xunzi's theory system was huge for consistence of self-cultivation, education, politics, ritual, and economy. The purpose of this research is to discover the principles and cognitive advocation of Xunzi's teaching thoughts. He believed that man could expel the evil of congenital emotions which meant “Change Nature and Shaping Morality(CNSM). The methods were to teach etiquette, to emphasize on methods accumulating conscience, to guide the desire, to control the passions, to treat the surrounding with care, and to choose good teachers and friends. Referring to teaching attitude, Xunzi advocated the question-and-answer teaching. He adjusted teaching content or guiding methods according to individual differences, and gave individual guidance. In addition, Xunzi believed only by a single mind, hard work and academic study could achieve the purpose of teaching, which led to be a saint. The ＂Five classics＂ were the most important teaching materials which based on the scriptures and the classics. The three origins of etiquette were on the purpose to show the true human spirit. In terms of cognitive propositions, Xunzi further pointed out that questions were frequently not found in the process of learning. The solution was to consider both positive and negative views and then adopt a moderateness. Xunzi believed that ＂heart＂ could think and choose the right way itself. The ways to solve the confusion of ＂heart＂ were to clarify the principles and the righteousness, to take the righteous reason, and to guide whether CNSM or to achieve morality. Also, an ethical standard was essential to complete. Xunzi believed that the role of the heart could not only think or adjust the desire, but also understand principles. All were about etiquette and righteousness guiding to clarify and understand the sequence of history. That was what Confucius'saying ＂The profit and loss of three generations could still be realized after a hundred generations.＂ Under the operation, the legal system of rites and justice could be implemented day-to-day. This thesis sums up Xunzi's forward-looking teaching thoughts, development of empiricism, the ideal life that valued the path of ethics, and active and promising people-oriented educational thoughts. Xunzi believed that active and proactive educational spirit could enhance harmony of human relations. The positive humanitarian of Xunzi's thoughts was the great contribution