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Chomskyと人工知能 : 普遍文法とディープラーニングをめぐる論考
Get PDFThis paper intends to make some critical remarks on the relation ship between universal grammar (UG), which is an essential concept for language acquisition in linguistics, and artificial intelligence (AI), which along with deep learning is derived from neural network models in cognitive psychology These two concepts are widely referred to, and sometimes regarded as interactive or connected even by experts in the respective fields. For example, one of the authorities of AI, Matsuo (2015) contends that A I should in clude UG. Although Chomsky the founder of UG, evoked the cognitive revolution in linguistics and psychology in the 1960s, which is closely related to the progress of AI, the goals of the studies in UG and AI are completely different and in fact contradictory. This difference is significant, and sometimes cause s considerable controversy. This paper describes this difference in detail in order to clarify the issues to be discussed in further studies.論文(Article
Drainage of the healthy-side renal vein during radical nephrectomy decreases the occurrence of postoperative renal dysfunction
Get PDF論文(Article)Purpose: Surgical resection of kidney cancer invading the inferior vena cava (IVC) remains technically challenging. The invasiveness of surgical procedure and postoperative renal dysfunction are major concerns. We present a surgical technique of tumor resection in patients with IVC invasion.
Methods: Tumors showed various extensions, including suprarenal and suprahepatic lesions. Tumors were resected via IVC isolation with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in 10 patients, while extended hepatic mobilization and Pringle maneuver were performed when necessary. The last eight consecutive patients underwent healthy-side renal vein drainage using CPB during IVC clamping to avoid renal congestion and postoperative renal dysfunction; the first two patients were without healthy-side renal vein drainage.
Results: Surgical resection was achieved with acceptable mortality (10%). Postoperative renal function was well preserved in nine patients, except for one patient without renal vein drainage.
Conclusion: Radical resection of kidney cancer using healthy-side renal vein drainage helps preserve postoperative renal function
