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Traduire en français le Conte du pêcheur et du petit poisson de Pouchkine
No full textInternational audienc
Iterative PGD model reduction for the strongly-coupled thermomechanical analysis of crack propagation in power electronic modules
No full textInternational audienc
Trade-off between tree planting and wetland conservation in China
No full textInternational audienceTrade-offs between tree planting programs and wetland conservation are unclear. Here, we employ satellite-derived inundation data and a process-based land surface model (ORCHI-DEE-Hillslope) to investigate the impacts of tree planting on wetland dynamics in China for 2000-2016 and the potential impacts of near-term tree planting activities for 2017-2035. We find that 160,000-190,000 km 2 (25.3-25.6%) of historical tree planting over wetland grid cells has resulted in 1,300-1,500 km 2 (0.3-0.4%) net wetland loss. Compared to moist southern regions, the dry northern and western regions show a much higher sensitivity of wetland reduction to tree planting. With most protected wetlands in China located in the drier northern and western basins, continuing tree planting scenarios are projected to lead to a > 10% wetland loss relative to 2000 across 4-8 out of 38 national wetland nature reserves. Our work shows how spatial optimization can help the balance of tree planting and wetland conservation targets
Immobilization of molecule-based ionic liquids: a promising approach to improve elecrocatalyst performance towards the hydrogen evolution reaction
No full textInternational audienceIonic liquids (ILs) have received continuous attention owing to their unique chemical and physical properties and to their successful integration in several applications
The median rule in judgement aggregation
No full textInternational audienceA judgement aggregation rule takes the views of a collection of voters over a set of interconnected issues and yields a logically consistent collective view. The median rule is a judgement aggregation rule that selects the logically consistent view which minimizes the average distance to the views of the voters (where the "distance" between two views is the number of issues on which they disagree). In the special case of preference aggregation, this is called the Kemeny rule. We show that, under appropriate regularity conditions, the median rule is the unique judgement aggregation rule which satisfies three axioms: Ensemble Supermajority Efficiency, Reinforcement, and Continuity. Our analysis covers aggregation problems in which the consistency restrictions on input and output judgements may differ. We also allow for issues to be weighted, and provide numerous examples in which issue weights arise naturally. Keywords Judgement aggregation • Majoritarian • Reinforcement • Consistency • Median JEL Classification D71 Versions of the paper have been presented at the 2016 Meeting of Society for Social Choice and Welfare (Lund), the Workshop on Decision Making and Contest Theory (Kibbutz Ein Gedi, 2016), D-TEA (Paris 2017), and various seminars. We are grateful to the participants at these presentations for their valuable suggestions. We also thank Florian Brandl, Jerome Lang and Clemens Puppe for helpful comments. Finally, we thank two reviewers for very perceptive reports and valuable suggestions. M
Machine Learning the Square-Lattice Ising Model
No full textInternational audienceRecently, machine-learning methods have been shown to be successful in identifying and classifying different phases of the square-lattice Ising model. We study the performance and limits of classification and regression models. In particular, we investigate how accurately the correlation length, energy and magnetisation can be recovered from a given configuration. We find that a supervised learning study of a regression model yields good predictions for magnetisation and energy, and acceptable predictions for the correlation length
Machine learning the 2D percolation model
No full textInternational audienceWe use deep-learning strategies to study the 2D percolation model on a square lattice. We employ standard image recognition tools with a multi-layered convolutional neural network. We test how well these strategies can characterise densities and correlation lengths of percolation states and whether the essential role of the percolating cluster is recognised
Higher order interactions destroy phase transitions in Deffuant opinion dynamics model
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Most opinion dynamics models are based on pairwise interactions. However in many real situations, discussions take place within groups of people. Here, we define a higher order Deffuant model by generalizing the original pairwise interaction model for bounded-confidence opinion-dynamics to interactions involving a group of agents of size k . The generalized model is naturally encoded in a hypergraph. We study this dynamics in different hypergraph topologies, from random hypergraph ensembles, to spatially embedded hyper-lattices. We show that including higher order interactions induces a drastic change in the onset of consensus for random hypergraphs; instead of the sharp phase transition, characteristic of the dyadic Deffuant model, the system undergoes a smooth size independent crossover to consensus, as the confidence value increases. This phenomenon is absent from regular hypergraphs, which conserve a phase transition
