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Adadi Maryam: a new perspective about the southernmost rock-cut church in the Ethiopian Highlands
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents a study of the rock-cut church of Adadi Maryam, located in the upper Awaš Basin (Oromia, Ethiopia). The few researchers who have taken an interest in this religious monument date it to the fourteenth/fifteenth centuries, when the Ethiopian Christian kingdom, initially established in northern Ethiopia, began its territorial conquest of the historic Šäwa region. However, new observations made on the external parts of the church have revealed several architectural inconsistencies, raising questions about the sequencing of cutting and use of the site. Comparisons with other Ethiopian rock-cut sites suggest an early phase of pre-Christian use. This study provides a new perspective on the question of the settlement of the upper Awaš basin during the medieval period (from the seventh/eighth to sixteenth centuries) and offers a discussion of local rock-cut practices reuse for diverse purposes, in this case by Christian communities.Cet article propose une étude de l’église rupestre d’Adadi Maryam, localisée dans le bassin supérieur de l’Awaš (Oromia, Éthiopie). Les quelques chercheurs qui se sont intéressés à ce monument religieux le datent des XIVème au XVème siècles, période à laquelle le royaume chrétien éthiopien, initialement établi dans le nord de l’Éthiopie, débute une conquête territoriale de la région historique du Šäwa. De nouvelles observations réalisées sur les parties externes de l’église permettent, toutefois, de signaler plusieurs incohérences architecturales, questionnant un séquençage de creusement et d’usage du site. Par le biais de comparaisons avec d’autres sites rupestres éthiopiens, il est possible d’envisager une première phase d’utilisation préchrétienne. Cette étude apporte une nouvelle perspective sur la question du peuplement du bassin supérieur de l’Awaš au cours de l’époque médiévale (entre les VIIème/VIIIème et XVIème siècles de notre ère) et propose une discussion autour de pratiques rupestres locales remployées pour de nouveaux usages, ici chrétiens
Hubé Nicolas, La politique des chemins courts : un siècle de relations entre journalistes et communicants gouvernementaux en Allemagne 1918-2018 , Éditions du Croquant, 2022, 404 p
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Hétérogénéité spatiale et traits de vie associés aux déclins piscicoles en France
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding the population dynamics of aquatic species and how inter-specific variation in demographic and life history traits influence population dynamics is crucial to define their conservation status and design appropriate protection measures. The abundance and biomass growth rates for 18 common European freshwater fish species were estimated using data spanning 1990–2011 for 546 sites across France. Spatial heterogeneity in abundance and biomass trends across France were assessed and correlations with life history traits were investigated.Amongst the 18 species, eleven of them have exhibited a significant decline in abundance and 14 species declined in biomass, seven remained stable or exhibited positive abundance growth rates; for four species, biomass was stable or increased. The main declines were observed in the Adour-Garonne and Loire-Bretagne RBDs, where management and conservation measures are urgently needed to halt the erosion of freshwater fish populations. In each of the 5 investigated RBDs, our results highlight areas where most of the common species we studied exhibited negative population growth rates. Of the demographic and ecological traits investigated, life-history strategy and maximum length were significantly correlated with species’ population growth rates, revealing that the decline mainly concerned large-bodied species with slow life-histories. These results focus on 18 common European species representing 94% of fish captured during the study period within the French national monitoring programme and underline that more attention should be paid to the decline in common species.La compréhension des dynamiques démographiques des espèces aquatiques et la compréhension des variations interspécifiques en fonction des traits écologiques et démographiques est crucial pour définir leur statut de conservation et élaborer des mesures de protection appropriées. Les taux de croissance en abondance et de biomasse pour 18 espèces de poissons d'eau douce communes en France ont été estimés à l'aide de données de pêches électriques issues des programmes de biosurveillance depuis 1990. L'hétérogénéité spatiale des tendances temporelles d'abondance et de biomasse à travers les différents bassins hydrographiques français a été évaluée pour les 18 espèces, ainsi que les corrélations avec les traits démographiques des espèces. Onze des 18 espèces étudiées ont montré une baisse significative de l'abondance et 14 ont décliné en termes de biomasse ; sept sont restées stables ou ont connu une croissance positive de l'abondance. Les principaux déclins ont été observés dans les bassins Adour-Garonne et Loire-Bretagne, où des mesures de gestion et de conservation sont nécessaires urgemment pour stopper l'érosion des populations piscicoles. Dans chacun des 5 bassins hydrographiques, nos résultats mettent en évidence des zones où la plupart des espèces communes étudiées ont montré des déclins significatifs. Parmi les traits démographiques et écologiques examinés, la stratégie de vie et la longueur maximale étaient significativement corrélées aux taux de croissance démographique des espèces, révélant que la baisse concernait principalement les espèces de grande taille à faible renouvellement des générations
SRSF2 overexpression induces transcription-/replication-dependent DNA double-strand breaks and interferes with DNA repair pathways to promote lung tumor progression
No full textInternational audienceSRSF2 (serine / arginine-rich splicing factor 2) is a critical regulator of pre-messenger RNA splicing, which also pla y s noncanonical functions in transcription initiation and elongation. Although ele v ated le v els of SR SF2 are associated with adv anced stages of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the mechanisms connecting SRSF2 to lung tumor progression remain unknown. We show that SRSF2 overexpression increases global transcription and replicative stress in LUAD cells, which correlates with the production of DNA damage, notably double-strand breaks (DSBs), likely resulting from conflicts between transcription and replication. Moreover, SRSF2 regulates DNA repair pathways by promoting homologous recombination and inhibiting nonhomologous end joining. Mechanistically, SRSF2 interacts with and enhances MRE11 (meiotic recombination 11) recruitment to chromatin, while downregulating 53BP1 messenger RNA and protein levels. Both events are likely contributing to SRSF2-mediated DNA repair process rerouting. Lastly, we show that SRSF2 and MRE11 expression is commonly elevated in LUAD and predicts poor outcome of patients. Altogether, our results identify a mechanism by which SRSF2 overexpression promotes lung cancer progression through a fine control of both DSB production and repair . Finally , w e sho w that SR SF2 knockdo wn impairs late repair of ionizing radiation-induced DSBs, suggesting a more global function of SRSF2 in DSB repair by homologous recombination.</div
Les catégories « documentaire » et « littéraire » dans la Chine ancienne (Ve siècle av. J.-C.-IIIe siècle apr. J.-C.)
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Tit wit: environmental and genetic drivers of cognitive variation along an urbanization gradient
No full textData and code to reproduce the study's results are available on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15575724International audienceCognitive abilities can promote acclimation to life in cities. However, the genetic versus environmental drivers of cognition have rarely been studied in the wild and there exists a major knowledge gap concerning the role of cognition in adaptation to urban contexts. We evaluate cognitive variation in wild great tits (Parus major; N = 393) along an urban gradient, and estimate the genetic basis of this variation using a combination of a common garden experiment, quantitative genetic analysis, and genome-wide association study. Specifically, we measure inhibitory control abilities which affect how animals respond to novel challenges. We find that wild urban and forest tits do not clearly differ in inhibitory control performance (number of errors or the latency to escape) during a motor detour task; a result that was consistent in birds from urban and forest origins reared in a common garden (N = 73) despite average performance differing between wild and captive birds. Cognitive performance was repeatable (R = 0.35-0.38) and showed low to moderate heritability in the wild (h 2 = 0.16-0.28, but both estimates had high uncertainty). We identified five SNPs that were associated with the number of errors during the task, with two of these SNPs linked to genes related to serotonergic and dopaminergic systems that are known to play important roles in cognition. Altogether, our study finds limited evidence that inhibitory control abilities have evolved under novel urban contexts, yet reveals some evidence for a genetic basis of this cognitive trait in great tits
Sources de stress et de soutien, lesquels comptent pour l’ajustement au lycée ?
No full textInternational audienceLe burnout et l'engagement scolaires reflètent le bien-être cognitif et émotionnel des adolescents lié au travail scolaire [1]. Le burnout scolaire englobe l'épuisement, la distanciation mentale et l'inadéquation, tandis que l'engagement renvoie à l'énergie, l'implication et l'absorption [2,3]. Cette étude, à laquelle ont participé 413 lycéens français (72 % de femmes, Mage = 15,97, ETage = 0,99), examine le liens entre l'épuisement, la distanciation mentale et l'engagement et des facteurs sociodémographiques, des habitudes de vie, des facteurs de stress scolaires et de soutien socialdans le cadre du modèle exigences-ressources [4]. Les analyses de régressions hiérarchiques multiples ont révélé que l'épuisement est lié au genre féminin, à la peur de l'échec, à la surcharge de travail scolaire et aux relations stressantes entre l'enseignant et l'élève. La distanciation mentale est liée négativement au temps de sommeil, à la moyenne générale et au soutien parental, tandis que l'engagement dans le travail scolaire est lié positivement à la moyenne générale et au soutien perçu, mais négativement à la surcharge de travail. Il est intéressant qu’en cas des stress scolaire élevé, les élèves peuvent s’épuiser malgré un soutien social perçu élevé, en particulier les filles. Les résultats permettent d’identifier les sources de stress scolaire à cibler en priorité pour soulager les élèves, à savoir la peur d’échouer, la charge de travail et les mauvaises relations avec les enseignants. Ils montrent aussi la nécessité d’intervenir particulièrement auprès des filles. [1]Vansoeterstede A, Cappe É, Ridremont D, Boujut É. School burnout and schoolwork engagement profiles among French high school students: Associations with perceived academic stress and social support. J Res Adolesc 2024;3:969–86. https://doi.org/DOI:10.1111/jora.12991.[2]Salmela-Aro K, Kiuru N, Leskinen E, Nurmi J-E. School Burnout Inventory (SBI): Reliability and validity. Eur J Psychol Assess 2009;25:48–57. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.1.48.[3]Salmela-Aro K, Upadyaya K. The Schoolwork Engagement Inventory: Energy, dedication, and absorption (EDA). Eur J Psychol Assess 2012;28:60–7. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000091.[4]Bakker AB, Mostert K. Study Demands–Resources Theory: Understanding Student Well-Being in Higher Education. Educ Psychol Rev 2024;36:92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09940-8
Lower-Middle Triassic conodont biostratigraphy and evolution from South Tibet, China: implications for global correlations.
No full textInternational audienceConodonts have played important roles in Triassic biochronology, providing a robust timescale for deciphering the mechanisms and patterns of the Permian–Triassic mass extinction and its subsequent recovery. Studies of Early–Middle Triassic conodonts in South Tibet are relatively scarce and lack high-resolution conodont biostratigraphies. In this study, we have presented 12 interval zones based on the collection, including 58 species in 16 genera of conodonts from three sections (Selong, Xialong and Gyanyima) in South Tibet. The Clarkina taylorae Zone, Neoclarkina krystyni Zone, Novispathodus pingdingshanensis Zone, Triassospathodus homeri Zone, and Nicoraella germanica Zone were first reported in South Tibet. In combination with previous work from the Neotethys, 12 Unitary Association zones (UAZs), comprising two Griesbachian, two Dienerian, four Smithian, and four Spathian UAZs, were recognized, seven of which were documented within South Tibet. Based on the new data from South Tibet, we have identified six stages in the evolution and diversification of the Early Triassic conodonts. Combining the new conodont biozones with published ammonoid UAZs and carbonate isotopic profiles provides a robust integrated Early Triassic stratigraphy, which enabled a more precise definition of the Induan–Olenekian boundary within the Neotethyan realm
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Is Associated With Clinical Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Results of Microbiota Analysis of PRODIGE 59-FFCD 1707-DURIGAST Trial
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Characterization of the genomic sequence of an iflavirus, a protoambidensovirus, and of three microviruses detected in mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus)
No full textInternational audienceWe report the complete CDS of five viruses: XiangYun picorna-like virus 4 ( Iflaviridae ), Protoambidensovirus dipteran1 ( Parvoviridae ), and three microviruses ( Microviridae ), detected by viromics surveillance of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus from Réunion Island. The protoambidensovirus detected in A. albopictus belongs to a clade previously reported only in Culex pipiens