International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Effect of Acute and Chronic exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the weight of body and some organs of Japanese quail
Get PDFThe current study was conducted to identify the changes in body weight as well as the weight of the liver and kidneys caused by acute and chronic exposure to Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) of Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica. The current study used (75) quail birds, the birds were divided randomly into five groups in each group 15 birds, the first group is the control group that was dosed with 0.5 ml of distilled water for thirty days. The second experimental group was dosed with TiO2NPs at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for thirty days. While the third experimental group was dosed with TiO2NPs at a concentration of 10 mg/kg for thirty days. While the fourth experimental group was dosed with TiO2NPs at a concentration of 20 mg/kg for four days only. The fifth experimental group, which was dosed with TiO2NPs at a concentration of 40 mg/kg for four days only. The birds were weighed before the start of the experiment, then weighing and necropsy were carried out after 4, 14, 30, and 60 days from the start of the experiment. The statistical results showed significant differences in the body weights of quail birds between the control group and the experimental groups, and the second experimental group had a higher weight than the rest of the experimental groups two months after the start of the experiment. Also, significant differences appeared in the weights of the kidneys and liver between the different groups, as all the birds of the experimental groups were less in weight in most periods than the control group. The highest weight of the liver with a significant difference was in the fifth experimental group, two months after the start of the experiment. And the highest weight of the kidney in the same group and for the same period from the start of the experiment.
 
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hypertensive Patients attended at Victoria Chitepo Provincial Hospital Mutare Zimbabwe, 2022
Get PDFHypertension and chronic kidney disorders (CKD) are key public health burdens in Zimbabwe .In this study we evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of CKD in hypertensive patients attended at Victoria Chitepo Provincial Hospital in Mutare from July to October 2022.This was an analytical cross sectional study which investigated in a retrospective manner the medical records of patients with hypertension to determine those who developed CKD. The clinical characteristics and GFR were used to determine the stage of CKD. Random sampling method was used to choose 220 participants from the biochemistry results book to get Urea and electrolytes test results, age, race, gender, location of residence, whether patient had diabetes mellitus and on any antihypertensive medication .Out of 220 cases 71 (32.3%) had developed CKD at different stages as follow : 16.9% in stage 1, 22.5% in stage 2, 49.3% in stage 3, 7.1% in stage 4 and 4.2% were in stage 5. Furthermore 39 (55%) were female and 32 (45%) male. 11(15.5%) participants were below 30 years old, 23 (32.4%) were between the ages of 30 and 50 and 37 (52.1%) participants were over 50 years old. Of the 71 participants, 100% were all black. About 28 cases (39.4%) of the participants also had Diabetes Mellitus. 23 (32.4%) participants were not on any antihypertensive drugs. 22.5% were from the rural areas, 32.4% were from semi-urban areas and 45.1% were from urban areas. Risk factors analysis indicated statistical significance between Hypertension induced CKD with regards to gender OR 1.96 CI (1.09- 3.51), P=0.023, History of diabetes mellitus OR 2.58 CI (1.38-4.81), P= 0.0024, History of antihypertensive medication OR 0.46, CI (0.24-0.88), P= 0.018.There is high burden of CKD among patients with hypertension in this study. Gender, Increasing age, Race, diabetes mellitus and use of antihypertensive drugs and location of residence are significantly associated with CKD in hypertensive patients
Traditional Uses, Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Activities of The Genus Terminalia
Get PDFSince ancient times, people have used medicinal plants to eliminate human diseases. Terminalia is the second largest genus of the Combretaceae family, with 200 species. It is an important genus, all the members of this genus are used in the treatment of many diseases. Terminalia species contain various secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, chalcones, tannins, terpenoids, anthocyanidins, lignan, sterols. Due to the widespread and extensive medicinal uses of Terminalia species in folk medicine, their pharmacological effects have been the focus of many studies. The present review was undertaken to highlight the importance of this genus and summarizes the traditional uses, chemical composition and biological effects of some Terminalia species.
 
Field Investigation on Control of Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW) using Aqueous Plant Extracts in Owerri, southeast Nigeria
Get PDFStudy to determine the efficacy of selected botanicals on Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW) through direct contact toxicity bioassay and feeding toxicity bioassay was conducted at the demonstration site, Imo State University Owerri from March 2021 to February 2022 to establish a green technology that is effective in the control of the insect pest. Aqueous extracts from turmeric leaf, turmeric rhizome, orange leaf, orange peel, pawpaw leaf, pawpaw seed, and control treatments were investigated to evaluate their effects on Spodoptera frugiperda. In the first round of investigation, 10ppt, 5ppt, 3ppt, 1ppt, and 0.5ppt treatment concentrations were investigated. Treatments were replicated three times while data generated from field investigations were statistically analyzed. The extent of foliar damage on host crops was recorded while data was collected daily beginning from the first day after applying treatments. It is evident from this study that pawpaw seed and orange peel treatment options gave better results on FAW larval mortality and are more effective than other treatment options. This shows that they are potential sources for plant-based biopesticide in FAW control.
 
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Hilla hospital, Iraq
Get PDFA laboratory received a referral of 740 patients who exhibited clinical signs of urinary tract infection (UTI). Out of the 240 urine culture samples that yielded positive results, 65.83% were obtained from female patients (n = 158), while 32.15% were obtained from male patients (n = 82). The chi-square test demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between being female and experiencing a urinary tract infection (P<0.05). Among the total samples, 206 samples (85.83%) were classified as gram-negative bacteria, whereas 34 samples (14.16%) were classified as gram-positive bacteria. The experiment involved obtaining samples of urinary tract infections (UTIs) to isolate the bacteria E. coli, P. mirabilis, E. aerogenesis, S. aureus, and E. faecalis. The prevalence rates of E. coli and P. mirabilis, which are gram-negative uropathogens, were 44.58% and 28.33% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant gram-positive bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections, with a prevalence rate of 8.6%. Women exhibited a higher overall prevalence of bacteria compared to men. AK and GEN exhibited the highest efficacy against E. coli and P. mirabilis. AMC and TI displayed minimal efficacy against E. coli, but TMP and NIT revealed minimal activity against P. mirabilis. P. aerogenes had the most vulnerability to AK and NOR, while demonstrating the lowest susceptibility to AMC. In general, the antibiogram profiles revealed that AK and GEN had superior effectiveness in comparison to the other medications that were analysed. Enterococcus faecalis has exhibited resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC), ampicillin (AMP), and doxycycline (DO), while vancomycin (VA) and linezolid (L) have demonstrated the highest efficacy as antibiotics. On the other hand, S. aureus showed the highest level of resistance to AMP, but the lowest level of resistance to VA and LEV.
 
Investigation of Genetic Diversity in the Kashmir Faverolla and Red Jungle Fowl of chicken by using RAPD
Get PDFIn the present study, The Kashmir Faverolla and red jungle fowl chicken were compared for DNA band variations using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) approach. Fifteen oligonucleotide primers, DNA polymorphisms between Kashmir Faverolla and red jungle fowl were found. These primers resulted in DNA band loss ranging from 36% to 60%. According to data, RAPD markers could detect DNA variants.
 
Production and Comparison of Yields of Biodiesel from Food Waste and Cheap Sources to Identify Good Raw Material in India for Replacement Present Diesel Fuel
Get PDFParticulate matter is a significant environmental threat because of its link to fossil-fuel-induced climate changes and harmful carbon dioxide emissions. The purpose of this research is to use food waste products and used cooking oil to power human needs while minimizing environmental damage. Using biofuel can help us protect the environment, reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reduce transportation cost as biofuel is substitute of petrol and diesel. We investigate waste-to-energy (thermal and biochemical) conversion techniques. The primary focus of this research is on advances in the field of "synchronous waste mitigation with energy development." In this article compares the yield of biodiesel production by using various raw materials. This research is conducted to finding quality raw materials which available easily in India for biodiesel production. Emphasizing the significance of organic molecules in the creation of cleans and renewable energy. The necessity for adequate and renewable fossil fuel alternatives is emphasized.
 
Computational study on Polydatin with the Human Alpha-Defensins and the Human Beta Defensins evaluated by Blind Molecular Docking method
Get PDFIn a comprehensive Molecular Docking investigation using Autodock Vina with the Pyrx program, six Human Defensins (Alpha Defensin-1, Alpha Defensin-3, Alpha Defensin-4, Beta-Defensin-1, Beta-Defensin-2, Beta Defensin-3) were studied alongside various natural compounds. Notably, all investigated compounds exhibited similar binding energy scores with Human Alpha Defensin-1 and Alpha Defensin-3, around -6.0 kcal/mol. However, with Human Defensin-4, Astringin, and Rhapontin, greater energetic affinities were observed, approximately -7.5 kcal/mol, compared to Polydatin and Eleutheroside-B. In the case of Beta-defensins, the natural compounds demonstrated higher binding capacities compared to Alpha defensins. Specifically, Polydatin exhibited a noteworthy binding affinity with Human Beta-Defensin-2, with a Vina Score of approximately -9.2 kcal/mol. Astringins and Rhapontis also showed significant binding energies with Human Beta-Defensin-2, with Vina scores of -8.8 kcal/mol and -8.6 kcal/mol, respectively. While these computational findings are preliminary and rely on a Blind Docking approach, they suggest that Polydatin and its derivatives may have a higher binding affinity for Beta-Defensins, particularly Beta-Defensin-2, providing a theoretical basis for further biological and molecular studies.
 
Assessment of Enteropathogens from Fresh Vegetables Associated Serious Risks to Human Health
Get PDFThe general public has become increasingly interested in eating fresh vegetables all over the world; microbiologically unsafe vegetables are a persistent public health issue in developing countries, including India. The goals of this study were to assess infection risks from enteropathogens for raw vegetable consumers in different geographical locations in Madhya Pradesh, India, as well as to evaluate effectiveness, pathogenecity, and infection risks. To achieve the objectives, samples were collected from different locations in Madhya Pradesh, India. The findings indicate that regular consumption of fresh, raw vegetables sold on the street would be harmful due to the presence of enteropathogens. Though the immunity of Indians is considered high, regular intake of such contaminated vegetables would detoriate the individual`s health
Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus Palustris ) Status in and Around Kollidam River at Anaikarai , Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Get PDFMugger Crocodile (Crocodylus Palustris ) Status in and Around Kollidam River at Anaikarai , Tamil Nadu, Southern India
In Anaikarai, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India, a survey was conducted to examine the population gauge and spatial dispersion of mugger crocodiles in the Kollidam Cauvery stream. The study period was from January 2021 to 2022. A total of 68 individuals were housed over a 25 km stretch of the Cauvery Waterway in Anaikarai`s neighbouring communities. A total of 40 (59%) people were observed on the stream bed and on the rocks, while 28 (41%) were observed floating in the water near crocodiles. Here, I don`t have many great suggestions for crocodile preservation over the long term. The present study offers ideas and a strategy for the extended mugger protection in the region.