International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of Tinospora cordifolia leaf and stem on zidovudine induced immunotoxicity
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to evaluate immunomodulatory effect of Tinospora cordifolia (T.C) leaf and stem extracts on zidovudine induced immunotoxicity. T.C leaves and stem was collected and three different extracts of stem and leaf (Aqueous, methanol, n-hexane) was prepared by Soxhlet extraction. Total 24 rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into 4 groups each of 6 rats. Group-I was treated with distilled water. Group-II rats received Zidovudine (500 mg/kg), Group-III given alcoholic extract of T.C stem (500 mg/kg) + Zidovudine (500 mg/kg) and Group-IV received alcoholic extract of T.C leaf (500 mg/kg) + Zidovudine (500 mg/kg). Physical and hematological and immunological parameters were measured at every alternative week. At the end of study rats were sacrificed under anesthesia. Thymus and spleen was collected and weighed. These findings suggest ameliorate effect of T.C leaf and stem extract on zidovudine induced immunotoxicity.
 
Adsorption of Lead Using Pogamia Pinata Powder as A Low Cost Adsorbent
Get PDFThe study on performance of low-cost adsorbent such as pinata leaves powder in the removal of Lead (II) ion from aqueous solution is performed. In present study p. piñata Leaves Powder adsorbent prepared. The adsorbent material adopted was found to be an efficient media for removal of Lead (II) ion with different parameter like Adsorbent dosages, Concentration and contact time etc. The different contact time and reduced concentration determines using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). It was found that the metal uptake capacity (amount of removal) of and Lead (II) ion decreased but the adsorption capacity (percentage of removal) increased with the decrease in the concentration of and Lead (II) in the initial sample solution.
 
Micropropagation of Aegle marmelos L. — A Medicinal Tree through Culture of Axillary bud and Shoot tip Explants from In vitro Germinated Seedlings
Get PDFAegle marmelos L. is an important medicinal tree and it is commonly known as bael tree. In the present study, an efficient and improved plant regeneration protocol was developed for A. marmelos. Axillary bud and shoot tips from the in vitro germinated seedlings of A. marmelos were used as explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium used as basal medium and MS medium devoid of any growth regulators was used for the in vitro germination of seeds. MS medium supplemented with different concentration and combinations of growth regulators such as 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP), indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were employed. The medium fortified with 11.11µM/L of BAP and 1.07µM/L of NAA was found to be effective one for the initiation and multiplication of shoots with highest mean number of shoots (24.20 ± 3.85) and maximum mean length of the shoots (6.02 ± 0.64). Half strength MS basal medium supplemented with 14.76 µM/L of IBA was found to be effective one for rapid and maximum root induction per micro shoot. The well rooted in vitro raised plants were successfully hardened house with survival rate of 80%. This effective and improved protocol may be useful for the large scale production of this plant.
 
Prognostic Role of Preoperative Circulatory Immune Cells and ratio of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte in Women with Breast Cancer of Saurastra, Gujarat Re
Get PDFCancer is one of the frequently talked and most feared diseases that have evolved, rather rapidly in the past two decades. Breast cancer, a multifactorial disease is the second most common malignancy related mortality among women worldwide. Routine diagnosis for breast cancer is usually done by mammography and histopathology, but current research data suggest that other non-disease specific biomarkers such as protein profiling, tumor specific hormones, hematocrit, serum proteins etc are also hypothesized to be associated with overall health outcome of the patients and can serve as a supplementary parameter to predict overall prognosis of the patients. The present study concerns about relative analysis of Hematocrit and WBC parameters among patients at the time of diagnosis along with the examination of ratio of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte (PLR) and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte (LMR) by fully automated clinical biochemistry analyzer and its correlation with other socio-demographic factors prevalent among the patients. For this purpose, preoperative blood samples of breast cancer patients were collected from Rajkot Cancer Hospital and results were compared with age and sex matched healthy volunteers. The present study conclude that high NLR ratio in 27%, high PLR ratio in 7.81 % and low LMR ratio in 14.75% of patients was obtained among the studied population.
 
Production of cellulases through Solid State Fermentation (SSF) using agricultural waste biomass as solid substrates by Aspergillus niger
Get PDFA study was conducted to appraise the potential of using agricultural lignocellulosic wastes for cellulase production by Aspergillus niger through Solid State Fermentation (SSF) technique. In the present study, agricultural waste biomass like Banana Peels (BP), Cotton Stalks and Leaves (CSL), Green Pea Shell (GPS), Soybean Leaves and Stalks (SLS), Sugarcane Bagasse (SB), Tur Leaves (TL) and Wheat Straw (WS) were used as substrates. These untreated substrates were found to be well suited for the organism’s growth, producing good amounts of cellulases. It was observed that GPS, SB, TL, BP served as better substrates than others for fungal growth. These four substrates were thus selected for cellulase production study. They were supplemented with nitrogen source in the form peptone, casein, sodium nitrate and urea. This comparative study for the cellulase production via SSF indicated that cellulase activity produced by A. niger was higher in GPS supplemented with casein at pH 5 and incubation temperature of 50°C when incubated for 60 min.
 
Acute toxicity study and behavioural response of Indian minor carp Labeo bata by the exposure of nonylphenol ethoxylate
Get PDFNonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE), a member of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) is a toxic xenobiotic compound and non-ionic surfactants. It is used widely as a raw material for processing and cleaning in so many factories, mills and industries. In the present study, median lethal concentration (LC50) of NPE was monitored in the Indian minor carp Labeo bata through probit analysis method. Behavioural responses were also observed in this fish upto 96 hours experimental period with the exposure of NPE. The LC50 value of NPE was followed as 4.90 mg L-1, 4.79 mg L-1, 4.68 mg L-1 and 4.47 mg L-1 at 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h respectively for the fish L. bata. In the exposed fishes, excessive mucous secretion was observed over the body surface and also various type of behavioural changes were followed as suffocation, erratic swimming opening of mouth and gill, lethargic movement upward and downward movement and gulping before death. NPE is moderately toxic to the fish L.bata according to its LC50 values. Behavioural modifications were considered as a stress marker for the Indian minor carp L.bata with the exposure of NPE.
 
Prevalence of blaSHV gene in Cephalosporin Resistant Salmonella Isolates from Meat Samples in South India
Get PDFAntibiotic resistant salmonella infections posing a serious threat global health. blaSHV genes belongs a major group of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL). In the current study, Cephalosporin Resistant in Salmonella spp conformed by detecting blaSHV genes using PCR amplification. 28 cephalosporin resistant Salmonella sp (S. typhimurium, n= 22 and S. enteridis n=06) isolated from meat samples collected from various vendors in Hyderabad city, South India were subjected for phenotypic detection of ESBL production and blaSHV gene responsible for ESBL production was detected by PCR amplification. Among the 28 cephalosporin resistant Salmonella sp (CeRSsp), 4 isolates (14.2%) were positive for ceftazidime mediated ESBL production. Screening of these isolates indicated the presence of about 6 kbp plasmid. PCR amplification indicated the presence of blaSHV gene with an amplicon size of 755 bp. The presence blaSHV gene contributes for ESBL production which makes organisms to show reduced susceptibility against third generation cephalosporins.
 
Conservation of Plant Biodiversity: Current Strategies and Future Needs
Get PDFThe issues related to the threats to plant biodiversity and its conservation have not been much highlighted as in the case of animal biodiversity. Out of seven million species of plants and animals living on the earth, there are nearly 3,90,800 plants species. Deforestation, habitat destruction, climate change, invasive species, pollution, mining, river valley projects, human overpopulation and over-harvesting are the major threats to plant biodiversity. This review focuses on effect of biodiversity loss on ecosystems, the need to conserve plant diversity and the present conservation strategies. It also highlights the biodiversity conventions around the world and measures to taken to protect plant diversity globally.
 
Homology modeling and molecular docking studies of Purple acid Phosphatase from Setaria italica (Foxtail millet)
Get PDFPurple acid Phosphatases (PAPs) hydrolyze insoluble organophosphate compounds to soluble Phosphorous which can be directly acquired by plants from the soil. PAPs have major functions in plant phosphorous nutrition and various studies have been carried out on expression and activity induced by phosphorous starvation. In the present study, the three-dimensional structure of PAPs of Setaria italica (Foxtail millet) was generated by homology modeling and was scrutinized by assessment analysis to confirm the suitability and reliability of the predicted model. Further, a molecular docking analysis was carried out using organophosphate compounds such as Diphosphate and Zoledronic acid to study the binding ability. The docked complexes showed the binding affinity of PAPs with the given organophosphate compounds (Diphosphate and Zoledronic acid) possessing energy values of -6.85 and -3.74 Kcal/mol respectively.
 
Conventional vegetative propagation and in vitro seed germination of endemic plant Colubrina travancorica Bedd
Get PDFColubrina travancorica Bedd. is a medicinally important endemic plant species of Southern Western Ghats. Scientific studies are lacking due to the non availability of this Rare Endangered and Threatened (RET) species. For the conservation and establishment of C. travancorica, propagation methods have to be standardized. In the present study, propagation of the plant is achieved through hard wood cuttings, softwood cuttings and in vitro seed germination with different plant growth regulators. The type of auxins, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at varying concentrations affect the rooting response of hardwood and softwood cuttings. Significantly (p<0.001) high rooting was observed in hardwood cuttings treated with 2.5 mM IAA (53.3%). The number of roots (25.16) was significantly (p<0.001) high in cuttings treated with 0.5 mM NAA. Seasonal variation in the rooting response was observed in both hardwood and softwood cuttings. In soft wood cuttings maximum rooting (26.6%) was observed in 20 mM IBA treatment. Control set completely failed to root in the soft wood cuttings. Highest in vitro seed germination was achieved with 6.0µM Gibberellic acid. Among the various propagation methods hard wood cuttings are found to be the most suitable material for the propagation of C. travancorica and it can be effectively used for the large scale multiplication of this plant.