International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of Neiebuhria apetala DUNN leaf extracts
Get PDFThe present investigation is to assess the antioxidant properties of leaf extracts of Neiebuhria apetala using different in vitro methods. The antioxidant activity was studied by DPPH radical scavenging method, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power methods. Ethanol extract of leaf showed very good antioxidant properties. The present study exposed that ethanol extract of N. apetala include effective potential source of natural antioxidant, which might be useful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses.
 
Tosyl ester(s) of α-hydroxy acid(s) – Synthesis and antimicrobial studies
Get PDFTosyl ester(s) of α-hydroxy acid(s) were prepared by treating the acid with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TsCl) in the presence of pyridine. The products were isolated, identified by TLC and characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral techniques. Anti microbial activity of the synthesized compounds were studied by Agar well diffusion method against two bacterial (Escherichia Coli and Staphylococus Aureus) and two fungal (Candida albicans and Aspergillus Niger) species using Ciprofloxacin against the bacterial strains, Nystatin against Candida albicans and Amphotericin against Aspergillus niger as standard antibiotics. The results infer that the tosyl ester(s) of α- hydroxy acid(s) are potentially active against bacterial and fungal strains.
 
Seasonal Variations in the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Malgujari Pond of Ghugus, District Chandrapur (Maharashtra)
Get PDFA Malgujari pond,situated at the heart of Ghugus,an industrial town from district Chandrapur of Maharashtra has been selected for the study of seasonal variations in physic-chemical parameters of water. The period of the study is from December 2015 to November 2017. The following parameters viz-temperature, pH, transparency, conductivity, DO, free CO2, BOD,COD, total hardness, chlorides, phosphate, sulphate and nitrates has been taken for the analysis. The present study showed that the atmospheric temperature is higher than that of water. It is maximum during summer while the minimum in the winter season. Conductivity, pH and BOD are also observed maximum in summer while minimum in winter. DO as well as transparency is found maximum in the winter and minimum in monsoon. Free CO2, BOD, COD, hardness, chlorides, phosphates, sulphates and nitrates are maximum in summer and minimum in winter. Alkalinity is more in monsoon and found less in winter. Comparatively higher values of conductivity, total alkalinity, chlorides, phosphates and nitrates in Malgujari pond of Ghugus is an indication of its contaminated status.
 
Synthesis and Characterization of silver nanoparticles using Lablab purpureus flowers (Purple colour) and its anti-microbial activities
Get PDFIn recent years, green Bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained much interest from chemists and researchers. In this concern, Indian flora has yet to divulge innumerable sources of cost-effective, non –hazardous, reducing and stabilizing compounds utilized in preparing AgNPs. This study investigates an effective and sustainable route of AgNP preparation from 1 mM aqueous AgNO3 using extracts of Lablab purpureus flowers (purple colour) which are well adorned for their wide availability and medicinal property. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible (vis) spectrophotometer, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis, and XRD. The AgNPs obtained from extracts significantly higher antimicrobial activities against staphylococcus aureus and E.Coli.in comparison to both AgNO3 and raw plant extracts. In totality, the AgNPs prepared are safe to be discharged in the environment and possibly utilized in process of pollution remediation. AgNPs may also be efficiently utilized in green research to obtain better health using crop plants as shown by our study.
 
Lack of FSH2 alters phospholipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Get PDFAlpha/beta hydrolase domain containing protein act as a key regulator of lipid metabolism is extensively studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the function of FSH2 in lipid metabolism is still elusive, and we tried to understand the biological importance of FSH2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In our study, a protein containing alpha/beta hydrolase domain and belonging to the family of serine hydrolase (FSH) also possessed motifs of lipase (GXSXG) and acyl transferase (HX4D) that were identified using in silico analysis. The overexpression of FSH2 in WT and fsh2Δ cells reduced the level of phospholipids, but in fsh2 strain increase in the cellular phospholipids, and this could be attributed to the formation of clumped aggregates and plasma membrane alteration were depicted using lipophilic fluorescent dye DiOC6. The current study suggested that the deletion of FSH2 altered the phospholipid homeostasis and membrane morphology .Together, our results shown that the FSH2 has a role in the phospholipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
 
Promotion of Alcohol Production using high Gravity Fed-Batch Alcoholic Fermentation through Novel Yeast Strain
Get PDFFermentation is well known biological process to produce the alcohol by using raw materials as molasses, grains etc. The performance of molasses based distilleries are day by day improved towards high efficiency, lowest sugar loss and high yield. In many distilleries, earlier and at present the operation mode of fermentation process is “batch fermentation” which gives the less efficiency 80 to 85 % with poor quality alcohol and spent wash generation is about 8 to 15 lit/lit of alcohol produced. Later on it is developed as “continuous fermentation” which gives high efficiency 88 to 90% and with better quality of alcohol and spent wash generation is about 3 to 4 lit/lit of alcohol produced by adopting spent wash recycle to fermenter and treatment of spent wash in integrated evaporation with distillation system. But In India distilleries effluent i.e., spent wash has high organic load which causes Major water pollution so these industries are comes under “Red category” and it is necessary to improve this process and reduce the spent wash generation as much as possible along with high fermentation efficiency and less energy consumption for separation of alcohol in downstream process of distilleries. So this presentation is to introduce the new mode of operation named as “High gravity Fed- batch alcoholic fermentation” of cane molasses. The pilot trial is taken by using the developed yeast stain “Scizosacharomyces Pombe-Fed” with upgraded feeding pattern. Process parameters are experimented and studied in “Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd. Havlaga unit” and the results high efficiency of about 89 to 90 % and high yield of alcohol in fermented wash of about 11.8 to 12.5% so as to reduce the spent wash generation is about 2.2 to 2.4 lit/lit of alcohol produced which will helps to achieve one of the strict norm of Pollution Control board “Zero liquid Discharge” with post treatment of Bio-composting and incineration of high brix spent wash(55 to 60 % Solids) in specially designed boiler
 
Cytotoxic effect of Ficus religiosa and Ficus benghalensis latex extracts on MCF-7 cell line
Get PDFPlants from Ficus genus were selected for the present study to screen their cytotoxic activity against the chosen human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Cells were seeded in the 96 well plate and were grown for 24 hrs ensuring the proper attachment and adequate growth of cells in each well, after which the plant solvent extracts were treated in five different concentration for 24hrs and triplicates were maintained. The evaluation was based on reduction of MTT (3- [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) by mitochondrial dehydrogenase of viable cells, which gives a blue coloured formazan product, measured by spectrophotometry and the percentage growth inhibition as well the concentration at which the cells were 50% viable (IC50) was calculated. The morphological changes at IC50 were taken photographs.
 
Anticonvulsant Activity of Majoon Najah Against PTZ Induced Seizure in Swiss Albino Mice
Get PDFObjective: To compare the anticonvulsant activity of Majoon Najah, its hydroalcoholc extract and granular form through Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) test in swiss albino mice. Material & Methods: Majoon Najah (MN), its hydroalcoholic extract (HEMN) and granular form (GMN) were tested for anticonvulsant activity using Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) test animal model. To evaluate the effect of test drugs on motor co-ordination, muscle co-ordination test by rotarod was carried out. Results: It was found that MN (p<0.01), HEMN and GMN (p<0.001) significantly increased the latency of myoclonic jerks and clonic generalized seizures when compared with control. The findings of the rotarod test suggest that the test drugs (MN, HEMN and GMN) did not produced any motor inco-ordination. So MN, HEMN and GMN are safer than conventional antiepileptic drugs. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the experiment performed that Majoon Najah, its hydoalcoholic extract and granular form possess significant anticonvulsant activity.
 
Antibacterial activities of wild rhizomatous plants - Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) and synergistic effects of both collected from southern Western Ghats, India
Get PDFRhizome extracts of Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) from southern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India were investigated for their antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method against bacterial human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, β-haemo streptococci, Klebsiella penumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study revealed that except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all the pathogens were inhibited by various extracts (Methanol, Ethanol, n-Butanol and Acetone) of Curcuma spp. sometimes far better than the control antibiotic Amoxicillin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited by n-Butanol extract of C. longa as equal as standard antibiotic. These results clearly elucidates that Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma longa collected from wild have higher antibacterial activity than that of standard antibiotic.
 
Assessment of Hormone Levels in Men with Fertility Problems Attending a Tertiary Infertility Center in North Karnataka
Get PDFwe assessed the serum levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Testosterone (T) which are the principle hormones responsible for the control of spermatogenesis. A total of 125 married men facing fertility problem and 35 proven fathers were assessed for the serum hormone levels and the sperm count, attending a tertiary infertility center in North Karnataka. Statistical analysis of different variables were performed using SPSS 20.0. Significant reduction in mean sperm count and increased Luteinizing Hormone levels among cases was found (p <0.05). There was an insignificant difference between the mean serum levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone of the cases to that of the control group (p = 0.191, p = 0.228). The current study found significant correlation of Sperm count with serum Follicle stimulating hormone and (p = 0.014) and insignificant correlation with Luteinizing hormone (p = 0.523) and Testosterone (p = -0.078) among cases.