International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Variability Studies of POD and Seed Characterstics of Albizia Procera in Chhattisgarh
Get PDFAlbizia procera is an important agroforestry tree species widely distributed across different agricultural systems of India.. Therefore to identify the best seed source is a big challenge and to understand about the seed morphology, germination and seedling growth of some provenances/ seedsource is an important step in helping identification of suitable provenance for establishment in Chhattisgarh. The present study was conducted in Departmental Nursery to determine the variation in pod and seed characteristics in five provenances namely Bilaspur, Bastar, Korba, Raigarh and Sarguja of Chhattisgarh,India. The studies conducted through the estimation of range, mean, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain. The present study revealed that highly significant differences among provenances in all studied parameters except pod thickness. Highest variation among provenances in seed traits were observed in seed weight and seed length while seed thickness has the lowest variation. Significant variations were recorded in all the studied parameter. The extent of variation in pod length and seed width was higher as compared to pod width, seed thickness, seed length and no. of seeds per pod, high heritability is recorded in pod length(46.01%), seed width (67.74%), seed thickness (45.00%) so there is scope for considerable genetic gain.
 
Effects of soybean meal incorporated diet on enzyme producing autochthonous gut bacteria in fingerlings of Labeo rohita (Hamilton)
Get PDFGut microbiota have important role in the digestive process of fish. Soybean meal based diet effects on gut microbiota of Labeo rohita by altering enzymatic activities like amylase, protease and cellulase. Two diets were prepared, one using fish meal and the other using soybean meal as the major protein source. The feeding trial was conducted in 90L circular flow-through fibre-glass tanks for 90 days under laboratory condition. After ninety days of feeding trial fish weight gain percentage, SGR FCR, PER was better with soybean meal diet in comparison to the fish meal diet. Amylase, cellulase and protease producing aerobic bacterial count were increased in both the proximal intestine (PI) and distal intestine (DI). The isolated strains from the PI and DI of the test fish were screened by qualitative enzyme test. The specific amylase, cellulase and protease activity before and after feeding trial were recorded. A distinct change in the quantitative enzyme activities in the bacterial strains were noticed after feeding with soybean meal diets which indicated that soybean meal can influence the autochthonous enzyme-producing microbial community in the GI tract of fish.
 
Exploration of flavonoids from Physcomitrella patens for determining its antimicrobial potential
Get PDFBryophytes (e.g. mosses) is one of the largest taxonomical group and also considered them as an important component of ecosystem. Traditionally, these mosses are widely used in the form of extract (primary/secondary metabolites) and showed immunopharmacological properties (e.g. for curing tuberculosis, pneumonia, neurasthenia and other illnesses) as well. The major primary components of mosses i.e. carbohydrates and secondary metabolites (e.g. flavonoids, terpenoids etc.) showing some immunopharmacological activity. Till date, composition and characterization of only few mosses has been studied in detail with respect to immunopharmacological applications. In the present study, extract the flavonoid from moss species which is identified through qualitative (lead acetate and thin layer chromatography, TLC) and determined its antimicrobial activity against various bacterial strains. The results showed the presence of flavonoids at higher concentration showing inhibitory action against various bacterial strains as compared to control. These studies which clearly indicates its antimicrobial activity. In short, these mosses are considered to be one of the most potent and attractive candidate for human health diseases.
 
Effect of Storage condition and period on seed germination of some leguminous seeds
Get PDFIf the seeds are not to be used immediately they can be stored for long durations, if optimum suitable conditions of moisture temperature, aeration, light etc. are provided to the seeds. Beyond the atmosphere ic humidity, moisture of the seeds is also an important factor as seeds are normally hygroscopic and loosing or gaining of the moisture content depends upon the equilibrium between the moisture status of both the atmosphere and the seeds. Such moisture level is called the equilibrium moisture content which differs from species to species.
 
Nutritional and Medicinal value of Moringa oleifera
Get PDFMoringa oleifera Lam is a highly valued plant which is found in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. All the parts of this tree are useful either for nutritional or Medicinal purposes. Various parts of this plant such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess antitumor, anti inflammatory, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering and antifungal activities and are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine, particularly in South Asia. For cooking, usually leaves, flowers and Pods are used. They possess miraculous health benefits. Bark and roots are used in traditional medicines. This tree has small leaves, white flowers and seed pods which are long, slender and triangular resembling drumsticks so this tree is also known as Drumsticks in English. Different parts of Moringa oleifera contain important minerals and are a good source of proteins, vitamins, beta-carotene, amino acids and various phenolics. Moringa oleifera provides a rich and rare combination of zeatin, quercetin, beta-sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid and kaempferol.
 
Influence of physio-chemical parameters on fish diversity in Muthupet estuary, Southeast Coast of India
Get PDFThe present investigation was intended to study the variation between physico-chemical parameters and Fish diversity of Muthupet estuarine. Samples were collected on a monthly basis from January 2014 to December 2015 at Muthupet estuarine. Correlation between fish and physico-chemical parameters such as total rainfall, atmospheric temperature, water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, phosphate and silicate were performed. The significant (P < 0.05) variation among seasons as well as a high influence of these parameters was observed on fish diversity. A total of 22 fin fish species were recorded during the study period in Muthupet estuarine. Maximum Percentage of average fish abundance L. parsia (11%) was recorded in the year 2014 and 2015. The diversity index of muthupet estuary indicates that the estuary is less polluted. Present study revealed that physiochemical parameters play a vital role in species distribution.
 
Growth sustaining aspects of Excoecaria agallocha L. for strategic afforestation protocols
Get PDFRestoration/ afforestation initiatives on mangroves primarily require reliable information on the growth requirements of the targeted mangrove species. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the hydrogeochemical, sedimentological and climatological conditions ideal for the growth and establishment of the mangrove species Excoecaria agallocha L. in pursuit of their afforestation practices. Assessment of the physicochemical characteristics of water and soil / sediment along with climatological attributes from three heterogeneous habitats falling in the coastal environments of Kerala was monitored monthly for a period of one year for deriving conclusions regarding the growth requirements of E. agallocha. Statistical analysis revealed the most vital attributes of water which influence the growth of E. agallocha are water pH, turbidity, total suspended solids, resistivity, acidity, alkalinity, phosphorous and potassium and also the sedimentological characteristics such as pH, moisture %, sand, silt, clay %, organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium and sodium. The study as a whole reported the capability of E. agallocha to cope up with different hydrological and sedimentological conditions in terms of tolerance or augmented range, which will form a basis for future afforestation initiatives.
 
Faunal Monitoring of Ahmedabad Airport as a Part of Bird-Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Study
Get PDFAhmedabad’s Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International (SVPI) airport is known to have a high potential of bird-aircraft collision hazards. For determining the causes and magnitude of the problem and to find out likely solutions, birds, other small animals (mammals and reptiles) and insects were monitored by Gujarat Ecological Education and Research (GEER) Foundation, Gandhinagar during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons between 2015 and 2017. For monitoring birds, two linear transects were laid, one each along each side of the runway. Besides transect-based bird surveys, bird species were also randomly recorded in other parts of the airport premises and even outside it (within 1 km belt parallel to the airport boundary). A total of 59 species of birds were encountered within the airport premises that belonged to 30 different families. Of these, 48 species were recorded along the transects. The majority (i.e., 83%) of the total 59 species were either obligate or facultative insectivorous birds. As the majority of birds were found to be obligatorily or facultatively insectivorous, insect monitoring was also carried out. For recording insects(species/genera and their numbers), Visual Encounter Survey (VES) was carried out in the operational area. A total of 80 species of insects were encountered which belonged to 42 families and 11 orders. Some measures that were suggested by GEER Foundation for reducing the chances of bird-aircraft collision included regulating the growth of grasses through regular grass-cutting preferably before sunrise or after sunset, controlling population of rodents and termites, considering to facilitate artificial grasses/tuft cover. By roping in GEER Foundation for faunal monitoring seasonally SVPI airport authorities have provided an example of ecological concerns in airport management. Other airports in the country should follow this example.
 
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in Ethanolic Extract of Caralluma indica
Get PDFIn the present study to investigate the antimicrobial activity in Caralluma indica. Antibacterial activity showed about 3.92mm (50µl), 6.11mm (100µl), 8.25mm (150µl) and 10.98mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Escherichia coli. 4.08mm (50µl), 6.23mm (100µl), 8.47mm (150µl) and 11.65mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Staphylococcus aureus. 2.17mm (50µl), 4.86mm (100µl), 6.13mm (150µl) and 9.46mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Bacillus subtilis. 4.85mm (50µl), 7.32mm (100µl), 9.69mm (150µl) and 12.13mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Pseudomonas aeruginos. Antifungal activity showed about 1.95mm (50µl), 4.20mm (100µl), 6.10mm (150µl) and 10.42mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Candida albicans. 0.90mm (50µl), 2.81mm (100µl), 5.72mm (150µl) and 8.10mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Aspergillus flavus. 0.35mm (50µl), 1.10mm (100µl), 3.66mm (150µl) and 7.90mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Aspergillus niger.
 
Proteases: A Beneficial Degradative Enzyme in Therapeutic Applications
Get PDFProteases probably arose at the initial phases of protein development as simple degradative enzymes essential for protein degradation into its simpler form as amino acids in prokaryotic organisms. Proteases are an increasing group of enzymes that hold great potential. Proteases are produced by animals, plants, and microorganisms. Microorganisms play a dominant role in the field of proteases production. Their contribution in the life cycle of numerous pathogenic organisms has led them to become a probable target for emerging therapeutic agents in contradiction of life-threatening diseases. These enzymes are being utilized in the cure of respiratory tract issues, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer. Proteases promote healing process of tissue damage; it may be surgical or accidental damages, fractures or burns. Due to these special features, proteases are an emerging class of enzymes that possess diverse medical applications. Along with proteases, protease inhibitors are also played a very important role in disease control. Therefore protease inhibitors have drawn the attention towards their crucial role in the therapeutic application.