International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
Not a member yet
697 research outputs found
Sort by
Quantification of the minimum amount of lemon juice and apple cider vinegar required for the growth inhibition of dandruff causing fungi Malassezia furfur
Get PDFThe main focus of this study is to quantify the amount of lemon juice and apple cider vinegar required to inhibit the growth of lipophilic fungus, Malassezia furfur. Malassezia furfur infects the human scalp, affects hair and causes the dandruff. In this work, the antifungal effect of lemon and apple cider vinegar was investigated along with commercially available antifungal drug fluconazole. Agar diffusion method was used and the zone of inhibition was measured to quantify the amount required and also to estimate the antifungal efficacy of lemon juice and apple cider vinegar. We have used different concentration of lemon juice and apple cider vinegar such as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% concentrations. From our results, by observing the zones of inhibitions on the petridishes, we confirm that lemon juice and apple cider vinegar has good antifungal effect on Malassezia furfur and around 3ml to 4ml of lemon juice or apple cider vinegar diluted and made to 10ml of the solution with water would be sufficient enough to inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur. This study justifies the use of either lemon juice or apple cider vinegar as a remedy for Malassezia furfur infected scalp and hair.
 
Phytosociological study of coastal flora of Devbhoomi Dwarka district and its islands in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat
Get PDFThe study described the diversity and phytosociological attributes of plant species (trees, shrubs and herbs) in coastal areas of Devbhoomi Dwarka District and its islands in the Gulf of Kachchh. A random sampling method was employed in this study. A total of 243 plant species were recorded of which trees and shrubs represented with 30 specieseach. Grasses & sedges were also represented by 30 species and 29 species were climbers. Among the tree and shrub species, Prosopis juliflora showed the highest density (373.51 ind. /ha), frequency (63.50.67%), relative density (30.19.7%), relative frequency (24.41%) and relative abundance (7.68%).Regarding herb species, Aristida redacta represented the highest density (3.97ind./sq.m) and frequency (39.02%). Moreover, the highest importance value index was measured in Prosopis juliflora (62.28) among trees & shrubs and Aristida redacta (31.51) among herbs. The Abundance/Frequency ratio of trees, shrubs and herb species showed contagious distribution pattern within the study area. The present study also includes α diversity (Shannon diversity index, Simpson`s Index, species richness, evenness index) of the coastal terrestrial plants.
 
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Termite GUT Microflora
Get PDFAs termite is a social insect, its colony consists of three castes. i.e. reproductive, worker & soldier castes. In their role of cellulose digestion, the worker termite uses two sources of cellulolytic enzyme that include cellulases produced by the termite and the gut symbionts. Odontotermes obesus classified in mound builder termite, mostly depend on cellulolytic bacteria for cellulose digestion. This study aims to characterize cellulolytic bacteria of termite gut symbionts of worker Odontotermes obesus and to identify cellulolytic bacteria based on sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) gene. Cellulolytic bacteria of termite gut were isolated and cultured in CMC media. Gram’s staining and biochemical characteristics were analysed. The two bacterial isolates were selected from Odontotermes obesus with aerobic conditions for the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. BLAST-N result of 16S rRNA gene sequences of white and yellow colony isolates showed that the isolate has highest similarity with Trabulsiella odontotermitis and Chryseobacterium ureilyticum, respectively.
 
Length-Weight Relationship of the Toothed Pony Fish, Gazza Minuta (Bloch, 1797) from Tuticorin Waters of India
Get PDFLength-weight analysis for specimen comprising 494 males, 515 females and indeterminants of Gazza minuta, collected from Tuticorin fish landing centre was made to assess the relationship between the variables The length-weight relationship was estimated using the exponential equation W = aLn for one species of pony fish belonging to family leiognathidae, species Gazza minuta, in the catches of tuticorin landing centre . The correlation co-efficient (“r” values) of male, female and indeterminants were found to be 0.9750 (p<0.001), 0.9800 (p<0.001) and 0.8931(p<0.001) respectively. Length-weight relationship study in G. minuta obeys cube law, particularly in the adults.
 
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization And Pharmacological Significance of Fe(III) Complex With Schiff Base and Thiocyanate ION as Ligands
Get PDFA novel Fe(III) complex of Schiff’s base derived from phenylacetylurea condensed with salicylaldehyde (SBPS) and thiocyanate(SCN-) ion was synthesized by using microwave irradiation. Microwave synthesis gives high yield of the complex within a short time. The molecular formula and the probable geometry of the complex have been deduced from elemental analysis, molar conductance, UV, FT-IR, and Far IR spectra. The molar conductance indicates that the Fe(III) complex is a non-electrolyte. FT-IR spectra show that Schiff’s base and thiocyanate ion are coordinated to the metal ion in a monodentate manner. The electronic spectrum and the magnetic moment indicate the geometry of the complex is found to be distorted octahedral. The antimicrobial activities of ligands and their Fe(III) complex were studied against the few microorganisms by agar - well diffusion method. The complex shows moderate activity against the bacteria and enhanced activity against the fungi as compared to the SBPS ligand.
 
Managing of Collar Rot Disease in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by few Chemicals
Get PDFGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an economically important edible oil seed crop of the world. The groundnut is affected by various pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes. The collar rot disease of groundnut is caused by Aspergillus niger which is influenced by kharif crop production in some areas of Rajasthan. Different concentrations of few fungicides such as Mancozeb, Carbendazim, Antracol, Kemoxyl , Thiram,Captan and Hexaconazole are inhibited the mycelial growth of fungi. While Mancozeb and Carbendazim were found to effect the maximum mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger. In the present investigation antifungal activity of few chemicals was assayed in vitro by inhibition zone technique for Aspergillus niger.
 
Antifungal Activity of leaf extracts of Nerium indicum against Pathogenic Fungi Aspergillus spp.
Get PDFMedicinal plants represent a rich source of antimycotic agents. Plant extract has been used traditionally to treat a number of infectious diseases. Medicinal plant Nerium indicum belongs to the family Apocynaceae. The leaf extracts of Nerium indicum exhibited significant antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi (A. niger, A. flavus and A. fumigatus). Aspergillus species were isolated from soil samples. The soil samples collected from Ajmer, Rajasthan (India). Antifungal activities of the different leaf extracts were compared with the zones of inhibition produced by the standard antibiotic (Gresiofulvin). The ethanol, aqueous and DMSO extracts of Nerium indicum showed high antifungal activity against Aspergillus species except ethanol extract show lowest activity against A. niger. These results support the leaf extract of Nerium indicum can be used to cure fungal infections in both plant and human beings.
 
Optimization of exopolysaccharide production by response surface methodology from Enterococcus faecium isolated from the fermented foods of Western Himalaya
Get PDFEleven potential probiotic bacteria isolated from traditional fermented foods of Western Himalaya were screened for exopolysaccharide production by using ruthenium red milk agar and 3 isolates viz. AdF1, AdF2 and AdF3 were found to be positive. The quantitative analysis of exopolysaccharide production was done by phenol sulphuric acid method where AdF3 showed highest EPS production. For optimization of exopolysaccharide production carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, temperature and incubation time were optimized by using One Variable at a Time approach (OVAT) followed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Lactose was found to be the best carbon source (5% for AdF1 and 6% for AdF2 & AdF3) and yeast extract as the best nitrogen source (13.82% for AdF1 and 14.51 % for AdF2 & AdF3). The optimum pH, temperature and incubation time were 6.75, 37ºC and 60 h, respectively for all the isolates. Under optimized conditions, an overall increase of 1.55, 1.37 and 1.42 folds in EPS production was observed with AdF1, AdF2 and AdF3, respectively.
 
Utilization of Low-cost Agricultural Waste for Removal of Toxic Metals from Environment: A Review
Get PDFRapid urbanization and industrialization are the leading causes of environmental pollution nowadays. Heavy metals are serious toxic pollutants in soil, water, and air environments. Anthropogenic activity including industrial waste and dust is a widely known source for metal pollution. Various techniques are being used including ion-exchange, membrane filtration, electrolysis, coagulation, flotation, and adsorption for the removal of heavy metals from the environment. However, these techniques have high operating cost, sludge generation and selectivity of metals. Among them, heavy metal removal by the plant is an eco-friendly, sustainable, rapid and economic process. The adsorbent capacity of metal ions by plant and its removal varies, depending on the nature of the plants, particle size, and metal concentrations. This review paper focuses on the idea of using various agricultural wastes for the removal of heavy metals and also a way to management of waste generated by agriculture field. In this context, agricultural biomass is the best technique for the removal of heavy metals and need to improve the utilization of agricultural waste as sustainable way.
 
A study on Traditional fish preservation method and certain ethnomedicinal fishes of Bodo tribe of Kokrajhar District, Assam, India
Get PDFKokrajhar district, located in the western part of Assam has abundant natural fishery resources consisting of streams, beels, flooded lands etc. The main community of the district is Bodo tribe. Bodo people consume fishes as delicious and medicinal diet. Fish is taken by them in different forms in fresh or in preserved. They use certain fishes as medicine for some diseases. Nafam is a traditional preserved fish product of Bodo tribe. Though traditional but the preparation technique of nafam have various advantages. In this study, the Nafam preparation method of Bodo tribe is broadly described. Certain ethno-medicinal fishes are also trying to highlight on this study