International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
Not a member yet
697 research outputs found
Sort by
Adverse Effect of Industrial Pollution on the Reproductive Outcome of Couples Living in and Around Bollarum and Patancheru Industrial Area
Get PDFThe effects of prolonged exposure to industrial pollutants and their spread in the environment results in development of diseases. Industrial pollutants can kill animals and plants, imbalance ecosystems and degrade man’s quality of life. Factory workers and people living near the areas with uncontrolled industrial pollution are especially vulnerable to health problems. Bollarum and Patancheru is one of the most important industrial areas in Hyderabad city of Telangana state. The present research aims to provide a further understanding about the adverse effects of industrial pollution on the reproductive outcome in couples who are living in and around this industrial area. Reproductive performance of 350 couples of this industrial area and 350 couples living away from the industrial area was studied. The frequencies of abortions, congenital malformations, still births, premature births and neonatal deaths were estimated. The analysis of the data showed an increase in the frequency of abortions, neonatal deaths, still births, congenital malformations, premature births and a decrease in the live births in the couples of industrial area compared to controls. The fertility rate of couples living in industrial areas also decreased in the controls in comparison in couples of industrial area. The adverse reproductive outcome of couples might be due to undue exposure to the industrial pollution. In order to reduce the effects of the Industrial pollution on man, the industries should take necessary action to treat industrial waste or gases before they are let in to the environment.
 
Conspectus of Aquatic Macrophytic Flora of Jammu & Kashmir State, India
Get PDFKeeping in view importance of macrophytic in aquatic ecosystems, we focused on the diversity of macrophytes in Jammu and Kashmir State, the part western Himalaya. A total of 234 macrophytic species were reported from all three regions of state after taken into consideration both primary and secondary sources. The emergent macrophytes had the highest diversity, followed by rooted floating leaf- type, submerged and free floating. The maximum numbers of macrophytic species were recorded in the Kashmir valley while as minimum of 41 species from the Ladakh region. The lakes which have been submitted to an increasing eutrophication for the past several years is overgrown mainly by the aggressive interlopers like Typha sp., Phragmites australis, Sparganium ramosum and Scirpus sp and some free floating species.
 
In Vitro Conservation of Medicinally Important Climbing Shrub Maerua Arenaria Hook. F. and Thomson
Get PDFCaper family belongs to the order Brassicales comprises various important medicinal plants distributed in tropical countries. Maerua is the second largest genera in this family. Maerua arenaria is a wild climbing shrub having high medicinal value, due to over exploitation it becomes threatened. In vitro propagation technique has been adopted for conserving the valuable medicinal plant by using plant growth regulators. Initially the nodal explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l BAP and 2.0 mg/l NAA for axillary bud proliferation. Multiple shoots (5-6 shoots per explant) were recorded after 34 days on MS medium with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 2.0 mg/l IAA. Since the shoots are small, they were transferred on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BAP and 2.0 mg/l GA3 for shoot elongation. These well developed elongated shoots were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l IBA for rooting. These in vitro developed plantlets were acclimatized in green house and successfully transplanted to natural condition and 78% of plants were survived.
 
Nervous system and neurosecretory cells in cestoda Lytocestus vyasaei Pawar, 2011 (Caryophyllidea)
Get PDFThe nervous system and neurosecretory cells of cestode Lytocestus vyasaei (Caryophyllidae) was investigated using histochemistry on the basis cytological structure. Morphologically the central nervous system consists of cephalic ganglionic mass and the lateral longitudinal nerve cords. The cephalic ganglionic mass consists of moderate number of apolar cells, unipolar cells, bipolar cells, and few multipolar cells, which are darkly stained. The bipolar cells are spindle shaped with two axons, unipolar cells are rounded with single axon and multipolar cells are with many axons with full neurosecretory material. The present findings suggest that and neurosecretory cells in nervous system may play an important integrative role of both neuronal and endocrine in the flatworm.
 
A Survey of the genus Theretra Hubner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Kodaikanal Hills (Western Ghats), Tamil Nadu, India
Get PDFKodaikanal hill station with its natural beauty and climatic conditions have become a noteworthy tourist spot in South India over the years. The ideal environmental condition and rich floral diversity homes for diverse fauna in Kodaikanal. Sphingid diversity of Kodaikanal has not been reported in the past. Through this study, we report the diversity and study of the external and genital morphologies of the genus Theretra Hubner, 1819 from Kodaikanal hills for the first time. A total of seven species were reported during the study, namely Theretra alecto, T. clotho, T. gnoma, T. nessus, T. oldenlandiae, T. pallicosta and T. silhetensis. Images and genitalia of male and female adult specimens are illustrated for each species.
 
Evaluation of Insecticidal and Antimicrobial Effect of Boerhavia diffusa
Get PDFBoerhavia diffusa, commonly known as ‘Punarnava’ in the Indian system of medicine is a perennial creeping herb found throughout the waste lands. The insecticidal activity of aqueous and acetone extracts of B. diffusa was tested against the pest insect Dysdercus cingulatus, commonly known as Red Cotton Bug. The plant extract exhibited ovicidal effect, nymphicidal effect, varying degree of moulting disruption, reduced fecundity rate along with prolonged mating period. Insecticidal property exhibited by this plant extract can be exploited in the field of Integrated Pest Management, so as to reduce the hazardous effects of chemical pesticides. The toxic principles present in the plant extract are actually secondary metabolites that are evolved as a protective measure against herbivorous animals. Antimicrobial activity of B. diffusa was also evaluated using gram negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and showed significant level of sensitivity to B. diffusa extracts. Thus it is evident that B. diffusa possess toxic principles having insecticidal as well as antimicrobial activity which can be employed in the field of agriculture and medicine respectively.
 
Impact of Thiadiazole as Bombyx Mori Growth Enhancer
Get PDFSericulture or silk farming is the rearing of silkworms for the production of raw silk. The mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori is a domesticated and monophagous insect which feeds only on the leaves of mulberry for its nutrition. In this study we investigated the growth and economic parameters of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) by dietary supplementation of thiadiazole. Thiadiazoles are heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen. 1, 3, 4, thiadiazoles are extensively studied and are known to play diverse biological activities. Diamines or polyamines are found in various biological fluids and are necessary for optimal growth, replication and metabolism of every cell in the body. This report describes the synthesis of diamino substituted thiadiazole and its effect on the growth parameters of Bombyx mori silkworm. Results show that the thiadiazole resulted in increased worm weight, silk gland weight and cocoon weight. We conclude that the thiadiazole can be fed to Bombyx mori silk worms for improving their economic parameters.
 
Molecular docking studies of BCL- 2 with Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. compounds for anti inflammatory studies
Get PDFDue to the presence of large number of phyto compounds the medicinal plants shows wide spread properties for diseases which are not cured by traditional medicine. In this work bioactive compounds of Erythroxylum monogynum plant extracts were selected .By the studies of Gas chromatography and mass spectrum the compounds present in Erythroxylum monogynum ethanolic extracts were identified based on retention time ,area. The compounds which were identified are used for anti inflammatory activity by insilico method with BCL-2 which plays key role in causing of inflammation. Hence this is selected for docking studies with the different compounds of Erythroxylum monogynum .The docking results showed that among compounds of Erythroxylum monogynum compounds the Cyclo Hexane, 2-Ethoxy -1-hydroxy-4-oxo-3-phntyl-32cyclobutenyl)acetate, 1,8-bis[(benzoyl)benzoyloxy]-3, 6-dioxa -octane,N-(Tetramethylpiperidinyl) ortho-fomyl benzoate , 1,30-Triacontanediol ,5-trichloro methyl-3-[1-(cyanothio)ethyl]-4, 5-dihydroisoxazol-5-ol.
 
Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis And Antimicrobial Activty Of Andrographis Serphyllifolia- (Rottler ex Vahl) Wight: Acanthaceae
Get PDFAndrographis serpyllifolia (Rottler ex Vahl) Wight, belonging to Acanthaceae family known for its ethnobotanical importance and possess anti- venom potential especially for snake and scorpion bites. The present study is focused to evaluate the phytochemical profiles and antimicrobial activity A. serpyllifolia using petroleum ether, acetone and methanol solvents. The results revealed that presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, steroids, glycosides, tannins and resins in various extracts studied. Antibacterial activity of A. serpyllifolia against Gram negative bacterial strains Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli showed 6 mm and 9 mm zone of inhibition respectively in 50% concentration of extracts studied. Antifungal activity of petroleum ether extract showed highest zone of inhibition (11 mm) against Penicillium notatum and Fusarium oxysporum at 100% concentration.
 
Enhancing acclimatization of tissue cultured plants of Albizia amara by Biotization
Get PDFThe anatomical, morphological and physiological characteristics of the in vitro developed micro shoots, for a majority of the woody species, have a great impact on subsequent rooting and survival after transfer to greenhouse conditions. Any effort to improve these characteristics by controlling the stressful culture conditions undoubtedly contributes to better rooting of micro cuttings and/or acclimatization of the microplants. In the present investigation, timber yielding leguminous tree, Albizia amara has been selected for micropropagation owing to their, importance as a plant with potential medicinal value. Micropropagated plantlets usually exhibit high mortality rate upon their transfer from lab to land as a result of transplantation shock caused by abiotic and biotic stresses and weak root system. Biotization is the metabolic response of in vitro grown plant material to a microbial inoculum. It leads to morphological and physiological development of plant material thereby enhancing biotic and abiotic stress resistance. The in vitro grown micro shoots of Albizia amara with root primordia were treated with bio inoculants namely - Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride and transferred to plastic pots containing sterilized potting mixture (soil: peat : vermiculite: perlite in 2:1:1:1). There were four treatments viz. control, treatment with T.viride and P. fluorescens separately and dual inoculation. Percent survival of plantlets was observed maximum (82%) in dual inoculation, this must be due to the positive interaction between T.viride and P. fluorescens and their ability to enhance stress tolerance by protecting them from subsequent ‘transplantation shock’. These plantlets also exhibited an increase in root length, the number of lateral roots, shoot length, leaf number, and plant biomass.