International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Growth promotional activity of green synthesized nanoparticles on Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere Microflora of Capsicum baccatum , Rosa species and Murraya koenigii
Get PDFNanoparticle synthesis is identified to occur in nature, in presence of agents like bacteria, fungi, algae and other biologically derived substances that acts as a precursor. These naturally formed nanoparticles could establish in soil and on plants that may result in change of the characteristic features of plant physiology or morphology. Among the various metal nanoparticles, Zinc oxide and Iron nanoparticles have been found to have a profound effect on the plants since their metallic ions act as essential nutrients. These nanoparticles were proved to have significance in promotion of seed germination, impact on the shoot, root and foliage development due to enhanced absorption of these elements. One of the most important requisite for a growing plant is presence of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the soil and surface of plants. The plant growth and susceptibility to pathogens is greatly influenced by microorganisms established on plant parts and rhizosphere. Many plants, with the antagonistic feature of their rhizobacteria against plant pathogens, remain resistant to certain diseases. Hence, one of the reasons for the growth promoting activity of nanomaterials could be due to their influence on the microorganisms. Therefore the present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on the rhizobacteria and phyllosphere microorganisms of selected plants. Treatment of the Zinc oxide and Iron oxide nanoparticles to the rhizosphere and leaves of Capsicum baccatum (Chilli), Rosa species (Rose) and Murraya koenigii (curry) and Solanum tuberosum has indicated a change in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere characteristics and the bacterial consortium that naturally developed on it. A significant change in the phyllosphere and rhizophere bacteria indicated a profound effect of nanoparticles .
 
In-Vitro Analysis of Extracts of Fresh Fruits and their Precaps Against Pathogenic Microbes
Get PDFPhytochemicals present in plants are of great significance to humans in various ways. They contribute life sustaining properties and have a potential to provide vigor against diseases viz. cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this analysis was to acquire data about the anti-microbial activity of fruits and vegetables against different pathogens viz. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis. The extracts were prepared via solvent extraction method by dissolving different samples of fruits and vegetables in solvents viz. Acetone, Chloroform, 80% Methanol and 70% Ethanol for 48 hours. These solvents were kept under dark condition for two days so that the solvent retains its efficiency. Samples were then subjected to Anti-microbial susceptibility test and the analysis revealed that pre-cap of Vitis vinifera (Black grapes) gave the best result against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a diameter of 23.50 mm. It was observed that the extract of Anthocephalus cadamba (Cadamba) gave better results when dissolved in polar solvents viz. 80% Methanol and 70% Ethanol than in Chloroform. Fresh extract of Manilkara zapota (chiku) gave results only when dissolved in Chloroform against all the three pathogens.
 
Comparative Analyses of Regeneration Potentiality of Eight Indigenous Aromatic Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties
Get PDFThe development of an efficient in vitro regeneration system for economically-important aromatic rice cultivars is of urgent need for undergoing crop improvement through genetic modification. In the present work, comparative analysis of in vitro callus induction and regeneration efficiency of eight indigenous aromatic rice cultivars, viz., Kalonunia (KN), Gobindobhog (GB), Pusa Basmati (PB), Tulaipanji (TP), Radhunipagal (RP), IET 21261 (IET), Gandheswari (GN) and Radhatilak (RT) was carried out. The matured seeds were used as explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 30 g L-1 sucrose for callus induction, while embryogenic calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with combination of hormones, 1 mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid, 2 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine and 4 mg L-1 kinetin for plant regeneration. The present study showed that all the varieties exhibited a high frequency of callus induction, ranging from 63.19% to 98.33%. The plant regeneration potential ranged from 93.43% to 33% depending on the genotypes examined. The maximum plant regeneration (%) was noted in KN (93.43%) followed by GB (90.83%), TP (89.34%), RP (89%), IET (75.92%), GN (74.66%) and RT (71%), whereas the minimum regeneration potential was observed in PB (33%). The regeneration potential was highly correlated with callus browning and callus production. The in vitro regenerated plants showed successful rooting and were well acclimatized under the conditions in growth chamber. Our observation highlighted a significant effect of genotype on callus induction ability, embryogenic response and plant regeneration capacity, suggesting the varietal difference in regeneration efficiency among the selected aromatic rice varieties.
 
Association of AVPR1A gene microsatellites with Autism Spectrum Disorder in south Indian population
Get PDFPharmacological studies have shown the therapeutic potential of Arginine Vasopressin Receptor (AVPR1A) for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) with socialization and communication symptoms. Present study investigated the association of promoter microsatellites (RS1 and RS3) polymorphisms of AVPR1A gene with ASDs in south Indian ethnicity. We recruited 225 subjects that constitutes of 118 ASD subjects diagnosed based on DSM-IV criteria and 107 controls, aged between 2 and 25 years of south Indian ethnicity. Case control association with RS1 allele length- 318bp, (P = 0.009); allele length- 330bp (P = 0.02); overall association with RS1 (P = 0.02) and RS3 allele length- 333bp (P = 0.002) , 335bp (P = 0.045) over all association (P = 0.002) with ASDs was found to be significant. Our results reveal that, RS1 and RS3 microsatellites of AVPR1A gene contribute to the susceptibility of ASD in south Indian ethnicity.
 
A Study of Nucleotide Binding Domain of Glycerol Kinase Gene from Aloe vera
Get PDFAloe vera, belonging to family Liliaceae, is a monocot and used also for medicinal purpose. They are succulent and retain large amount of water in their leaves. In the recent decade few genes from Aloe vera have been elucidated, some being stress inducible. Glycerol kinase is the enzyme involved in the first step of Glycerol metabolism. In order to study the gene, its nucleotide binding domain was targeted by PCR approach. A 256bp long amplification product was obtained which on sequencing and in- silico analysis confirmed to be NBD domain of Glycerol kinase. This domain belongs to the superfamily NBD_ Sugar kinase_HSP70_Actin, which all harbor the same conserved domain. It shows 52% alignment with the FGGY C- Terminal region of Escherichia coli, which also harbor sites for ATP binding. This paper confirms the presence and studies the structure of the NBD domain, thereby indicating the presence of a glycerol kinase gene in Aloe vera genome for the first time.
 
Observation of Aqua-Bio fertilizer nutrients influence of Trigonella foenum- graecum L. growth in mediated Aquaponics system for food security.
Get PDFThe conception of Aquaponics is a synergistic combination of aquaculture and hydroponics that nurture plants with aquaculture water. It is the internationally improved agricultural practices, are needed to assuage rural poverty and enhance food security. Aquaponics is a soil-less combined approach to proficient and sustainable intensification of agriculture that meets the needs of water scarcity inventiveness and generated modern farming practices in agriculture. The nutrient-rich fish water from the fish tanks is used to fertigate hydroponic production beds. To improve the production efficiency can be used bio fertilizers (Aquaponic water and Gracilaria corticata extract) as a liquid it contains organic macro, micronutrient and growth hormones. Tilapia fish produced the nutrient that is utilized by the plant Trigonella foenum- graecum L. The Physico-chemical parameter of both bio fertilizers should be assessed by using the standard procedures. The fish effluent water is compared with the Gracilaria corticata red seaweed extract by foliar spray and combining with both liquid bio fertilizers (Aquaponic water and seaweed extracts). Morphological growths of the plants were assessed. The combination of Aquaponic water and Gracilaria corticata seaweed extract was given the good result, but the estimation (15.26± 0.29, 24.06± 0.27, 30± 0.64, 35.94 ±0.28 cm plant height at 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAS) (2.6± 0.1 branches at 30, DAS) (533.67 ±11and 51 ± 1 mg shoot and root fresh weight per plant) leaf area (46.62±0.89cm2) at 28 DAS was related to the Aquaponic water in the plant Trigonella foenum- graecum L. Thus, the present result revealed that the integrated aquaponic system is the new agricultural farming systems with liquid bio fertilizers are eco- friendly practice for food security.
 
Association of Regulatory Factor X 6 gene (rs339331) polymorphism with Prostate Cancer: A case-control study from South India
Get PDFProstate Cancer (PCA) is a heterogeneous disease which exhibits clinical variability, morphological differences and molecular marker diversity. Currently, Prostate specific antigen (PSA) evaluation is the only clinically relevant non-invasive marker for PCA screening. A number of genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many susceptibility markers for PCA, one of which is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs339331, in Regulatory Factor X 6 (RFX6) gene. The present study evaluated this polymorphism g.16677T>C of RFX6 gene, in PCA, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and controls by PCR using specifically designed primers, followed by restriction digestion. Results show that the frequency of ‘C’ allele is 0.74 in PCA and 0.20 in BPH, which is lower than the frequency in controls, which is 0.35. The ‘C’ allele of RFX6 genotype is significantly associated with PCA (P<0.05). This is the first case-control study from India which shows an association of ‘C’ allele of RFX6 gene g.16677T>C polymorphism with high risk of developing PCA and a potential to use it as a biomarker for identifying men at risk of developing PCA.
 
Influence of Organic Derivatives on Direct Regeneration of finger millet genotype CO 9
Get PDFFinger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) is a commercially important food crop extensively cultivated in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions of India and East Africa. The current study was designed to develop an efficient protocol for micropropagation by the influence of additives to enhance the number of shoots per explant from Shoot Apical Meristems (SAMs) of finger millet genotype CO 9. The highest shoot regeneration frequency (95.89%) with an average of 46.52 shoots per explant and 10.86 cm shoot length per explant was achieved when SAMs were cultured in Shoot Regeneration Medium (SRM) containing Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP), 2.0 mg/L Kinetin and 5% coconut water, 300 mg/L proline and 400 mg/L casein enzymatic hydrolysate, and 3 mg/L glycine. Sub-culturing the SAMs in SRM at 2 weeks interval for 8 weeks resulted in an increase in the number of shoots per explant. The highest rooting frequency (100%) with an average root length of 7.32 cm was obtained on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L IAA. and successfully acclimated in the field, subsequently developed into fertile plants. Thus, the procedure described is a rapid and consistent method useful for efficient large-scale propagation and genetic transformation in finger millet.
 
In Situ Production of Silver Bio Nanoparticles from Marine Biosurfactant Bacteria and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity
Get PDFBiosurfactants are the surface-active molecules synthesized by microorganisms. With the advantage of environmental compatibility, the demand for biosurfactants has been steadily increasing and may eventually replace their chemically synthesized counterparts. Marine biosurfactants produced by some marine microorganisms have been paid more attention, particularly for the antimicrobial activity against various microbes in medicinal field. In this study, the screening of biosurfactant-producing marine microorganisms, the determination of biosurfactant activity as well as the recovery of marine biosurfactant and the antibacterial activity of the biosurfactant were done. The uses of silver nanoparticles with marine biosurfactants for the antibacterial activity also discussed. The marine Serratia sp. had the ability to produce the biosurfactant and shows high amount of antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacteria
 
Evaluation of Phytochemicals and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Eupatorium Triplinerve
Get PDFThe present study attempts to evaluate the phytochemical activity and in vitro anticancer activity of Eupatorium triplinerve methanol extract against lung cancer cell line A-549 and normal cell line Vero. The compound was analyzed for the presence of various phytoconstituents and screened for its cytotoxicity at five different concentrations by MTT assay. The phytochemical profile exhibited the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids and steroids. The study documented that the percentage of cell viability has been reduced with the increased concentration, as evidenced by cell death. Eupatorium triplinerve extract shows potential cytotoxic activity with CTC50 of 450 µg/ml and 110 µg/ml against A-549 and Vero cell line respectively. The result obtained was comparably potent, the crude extract showed moderate activity against cancer cells and it was less toxic to the normal cells. In future, research need to be explored in the purification of this extract and identification of lead compound which could be used as a therapeutic tool against lung cancer