International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Factors Affecting Conduct of Practical Activities in Science Subjects in Some Selected Secondary Schools in Tarauni Local Government Area, Kano State
Get PDFDeveloping scientifically literate individuals who are highly competent in logical thought and action is the main objective of science education. The objectives of science education in Nigeria include preparing students to observe and explore their surroundings, to explain basic natural phenomena, to develop scientific attitudes. In the study, 291 students from 10 secondary schools in the Tarauni local government area of Kano state were purposefully selected. The study identified factors related to teachers, laboratory-related factors, and learners` perceptions of factors influencing the conduct of practical activities using a descriptive survey research design. Data from the respondents was gathered using instrument titled Factors Affecting Conduct of Practical in Science Questionnaire (FACPSQ). Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were used to analyse the data obtained. The findings indicated that teacher-related factors that affect how science practical are conducted include lack of management motivation and awareness, full-time occupancy of science teachers, low commitment from teachers to practical classes, teacher absenteeism, teachers` lack of knowledge about practical work and low qualifications for science teachers and laboratory attendants. Findings showed that inadequate laboratory equipment, inadequate time assigned for practical activities, a lack of practical textbooks, an incompetent lab assistant, and inefficient instrument maintenance were laboratory-related factors that significantly impacted practical activities in science. The result also demonstrated those students` perceptions that affected scientific practical included: more students than equipment; a hazardous laboratory atmosphere; and a lab assistant who lacked motivation. Based on the findings, teachers-related factors, laboratory-related factors, and students` attitudes toward laboratory activities all have an impact on how science practical activities are carried out. The study suggested that, in order to ensure that practical work is carried out effectively, practical time should be allotted on the school schedule, and regular classroom monitoring should be carried out. There should be enough basic necessities on hand. Additionally, science teachers must carefully plan adaptive teaching methods for their students that will stimulate their interest in learning science and help them apply what they have learned to meet societal requirements.
 
Solanum Xanthocarpum-A Critical Approach to the Lesser Known Aspects of the Herb
Get PDFPlant plays important role of medicinal source and food source for animal. The value of plants as a food and medicine has been studied in different parts of the world. About 80% of people on the planet still rely on and use Ayurveda today. Ayurvedic medicinal plants have great value in this aspect. Solanum xanthocarpum (SX) is widespread herbaceous weed distributed throughout India. SX is in danger of extinction and its supply is limited. Phytochemical production and biosynthesis can be stimulated using plant in vitro culture and elicitation. This Plant biodiversity is the large source of medicine, food. In Ayurvedic pharmaceutical Solanum xanthocarpum is an important herb for medicinal source. The Solanum xanthocarpum plant is a source of many phytochemical compounds that are useful against human pathogens, according to a number of analytical reports. Its plant parts have, antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, antifungal, anti-abiotic, antibacterial, anti-hypertensive, antiemetic, hypolipidemic, antivenom, anticancer. Fruits with a reddish-brown color are utilized for food.
 
Interaction of Hazardous Heavy Metals with Humans and Environment and their Toxicological Impacts
Get PDFHeavy metals are non-biodegradable segments of the world`s surface that gather and endure uncertainly in the climate because of human exercises. Since the mechanical rebellion, the incorporated convergence of Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn has steadily harmed soil and water assets, bringing about monstrous yield misfortunes in plants. These worries have become a significant wellspring of coherent concern. To expand plant productivity, it`s basic to comprehend the subatomic and physiological reaction of plants to critical metal pressing factor. Late examination has expanded our comprehension of how plant synthetic substances put together and facilitate improvement reaction to numerous normal prompts to support life. In this examination, we will investigate the modern information on the immediate and backhanded impacts of perilous Heavy metals on people, just as their capacity and pessimistic results in soil contamination and the climate.
 
The Biological Characteristics of Human Rotavirus and Their Relationship to Gastroenteritis, As a Literature Review
Get PDFRotavirus Group A (RVA) is still the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea in children all over the world. Ruth Bishop and her colleagues identified the virus in humans in 1973, and it belongs to the Reoviridae family, Genus Rotavirus (Group III – dsRNA). The virus has a segmented double-stranded RNA genome and is non-enveloped, icosahedral, and triple-layered. Each of the 11 segments of the viral genome encodes at least six structural proteins (VP1 through VP4, VP6 and VP7), as well as five or six nonstructural proteins (NSP1-6) depending on the strain. Rotavirus is known for transmitting from person to person via the feces–oral route. The RV may also be spread through feces-contaminated water in low-income communities. The RV might also be handed down from one child to the next by polluting contaminated surfaces. Rotaviruses (RVs) cause diarrhea and enterocyte death when they infect mature enterocytes on the tips of the villi of the small intestine. Symptoms of RV infection, including acute watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and a low-grade fever, can last for days and cause dehydration. Rotavirus infection was detected by electron microscopy, immunochromatography, EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), RNA PAGE, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Due to the lack of a particular antiviral treatment, effective RV vaccinations are beneficial in reducing morbidity and death. Oral Rotavirus vaccinations are available worldwide (RotaTeq and Rotarix).
 
Effect of different application rates of pesticides to groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Soils of Ananatapuramu District
Get PDFThis study was undertaken to determine the effect of pesticides, on Amylase activity in two groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) soils. The effect of the pesticides were assessed over a period of 10, 20, 30 and 40 days for Amylase activity. Soil samples (red sandy loam and black clay soils) collected from groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivated fields of Ananatapuramu District of Andhra Pradesh, India were treated with pesticides at different concentrations i.e. 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm, which are equivalent to field application rates (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1) in the laboratory. The activity of Amylase was significantly more treated with pesticides at levels of 2.5 kg ha-1 in black and red soils respectively at 24 and 72hrs. But at higher concentrations of 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1 respectively, pesticides were toxic to amylase activity. The activity of amylase was drastically decreased with increasing period of incubation up to 40 days.
 
Improving Quality and Production of Horticultural Crops Through the Use of A Biostimulant Based on Inula Viscosa and Control of Seedling Pathogens
Get PDFIn this research work the possibility of using a biostimulant based on Inula viscosa L. (Dittrichia viscosa L.) to improve the growth and quality of Licopersicon esculentum L., Daucus carota, Pak choi, Perilla frutescens Petroselinum crispum plants. was evaluated. Additionally, in the experiment the presence of plant mortality following attacks of Pithyum spp.and Fusarium sp. has been examined. The five experimental groups in cultivation were: i) group without biostimulant, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; ii) group with microrganisms, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; iii) group with algae, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; iv) group with Inula viscosa, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; v) group with (INORT: mix Microorganisms + Inula viscosa + Algae), irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized. The trial showed that all Lycopersicon esculentum L, Daucus carota, Pak choi, Perilla frutescens and Petroselinum crispum plants treated with Inula viscosa biostimulant showed significant increase in the agronomic parameters analyzed compared to the untreated control. The results show that the use of the biostimulant introduced in the medium can improve the quality of treated plants by significantly increasing seed germination and plant growth. The data also show that the use of this product has effects on plant protection from Pithyum spp. and Fusarium sp. Further researches will be carried out on the use of Inula as biostimulant in order to investigate if there is a specificity of improvement or worsening according to the type of plant on which it is used, if there are differences according to the type of extraction, methods and times of plant harvesting, association or not with other biostimulants of natural origin. The use of Inula as a biostimulant associated with algae and microorganisms in this and other experiments has shown significant effects in the cultivation of plants that, although deserving further investigation, are certainly of interest for farmers.
 
Lung Detection and Segmentation for Cancer Diagnosis in Machine Learning Approach
Get PDFSegmentation is a significant advance in the handling and grouping of clinical images for radiological or computer supported diagnostics. All in all, to analyze the condition, the lung CT CAD (Computer-Aided Diagnosis) first isolates the district of concern (lung) and afterward dissects the knob location zone independently acquired. By permitting the utilization of magnificent correlations among air and encompassing tissues, regular lungs can be portioned. Nonetheless, this strategy bombs where the lung pathology is influenced by high thickness. Thick pathologies are found in around one-fifth of the clinical sweeps, and it is significant that the total and impeccably lung a piece of the image is seen and that no portion is destroyed as present in the first image for computer assessment, for example, the distinguishing proof and measurement of obsessive districts. In this paper, we recommended a lung division method that effectively isolates lung tissues from lung CT check images.
 
Prevalence of Plasmodium Infection in District Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFBackground: Plasmodium infection (Malaria) always remains hazardous for its fatalities worldwide, especially for Pakistan; it is yet endemic in many areas. Out of five types, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum is dominating in Pakistan. P. vivax is more frequent and widely distributed while P. falciparum is more dangerous and deadly in action. This research was conducted for the assessment of Plasmodium infection frequency in human populations of District Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: Plasmodium type was identified in the blood of high graded fever patients. Immunochromatographic Technique (ICT) as well as thick and thin blood smears procedure was performed at different laboratories of district Multan where the microscopic examination was carried out for the presence of Plasmodium types and its species. Results: Statistically, the current prevalence and distribution of Plasmodium types was estimated in this work. A total of 192 blood samples were examined. The species recovered were P.vivax, P.falciparum and mixed species. The prevalence of P.vivax, P.falciparum and mixed species was 13.02%, 10.41% and 1.041% respectively. Conclusion: Plasmodium vivax had prevalence over Plasmodium falciparum. The number of prevalence species was greater more in males than females. The age-wise prevalence of plasmodium infection revealed that age group 21-30 years had more prevalence over other age group.
 
Isolation, Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacteria from Upper Respiratory Tract Infections at Dhamar Governorate, Yemen
Get PDFThis study was carried out to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria involving URTI as well as to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria and its correlation of age, sex and study period among patients` swabs. Bacteriological standard methods were used to isolate and identify the bacteria. Total of 106 upper respiratory tract samples were collected from patients in Teba, Dhamar, Dar Al-Shefa, Salama, and Al Mosali hospitals also from Mayas, Al Afara, and Sary clinics, from November 2019 to March 2020. The results showed that the Streptococcus pyogenes recorded the highest rate of infection (34.9%). Followed by 26.6% of Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis, then 3.6% of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in addition to 0.9% of Haemophilus influenzae. The Incidence of URTI bacteria during period of study recorded the highest rate in March. The highest percentage of patients with URTI based on the sampling sites was recorded in Dar Al-Shefa and Teba hospitals. In addition, study indicated that the throat infections were highly spreading among males, while the otitis was greatly prevalent among the females. Moreover, the highest percentage of URTI was noted in age group between one to eleven years. Additionally, there is a considerable high resistance to some antimicrobial agents, often used in treatment of URTI, especially ceftriaxone, and azithromycin. The most effective antibacterial agents against all isolated URTI pathogens were gentamicin, amikacin and amoxyclav.
 
Monitoring Seasonal Dynamics of Physicochemical Water Quality of Chhari Dhandh Wetland, Gujarat (India)
Get PDFWater quality monitoring of Chhari Dhandh natural wetland in western Kachchh, Gujarat was carried out on seasonal basis for the years 2019-20 (most recent year) and 2018-19 (previous year) with an aim of understanding extent of dynamicity of water quality. The water samples were collected from the surface of the wetland from two predominant habitats of the wetland (i.e., Open Water and Marshy Emergent Vegetation). Ten water quality parameters, i.e., pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, total hardness, chlorides, salinity and phosphates were seasonally monitored during the study. The collection, sampling and analysis were done according to Standard methods. The study has revealed that irrespective of the seasons, the surface water of the wetland remained alkaline throughout the study tenure. However, there was a noticeable variation in some parameters like water temperature, turbidity, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Hardness (TH), chlorides, salinity and phosphates. Comparison of values of certain parameters against values of the Bureau of Indian Standards as well as World Health Organization values for the respective parameters has indicated that though the wetland’s water is not potable, but it is appropriate for livelihood, agriculture and fishing.