International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus) and Lemongrass (Cybopogon) as Primary Ingredients for Liquid Mosquito (Culicidae) Larvicide
Get PDFMosquito-Borne diseases or diseases that spread from host to host are a big problem around the world. This study intends to find out if processed Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) natural extract can be used as an inexpensive and environmentally friendly mosquito larvicidal solution. Based in some studies Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus), and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) contains natural chemical that can kill larvae in their early stage. The researchers used two (2) set-ups with four (4) containers including one (1) control group which will be the basis of the experiment, all the containers are containing twenty (20) live mosquito larvae from the Institute of Weed Science, Entomology and Plant Pathology (IWEP) of University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna. The researchers added different concentrations and ratios of the solution in each container in this experiment. As the experiment conducted, the results show that less than fifty percent (50%) of the specimen was eliminated in the whole set-up, The experiment revealed that Oregano and Lemongrass larvicide solution is not enough to reach what this study aims for. Also, experiment results indicate that Oregano and Lemongrass solution is not enough to kill the larvae of mosquitoes. The researchers conclude that the Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus), and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) larvicide solution is not effective as an alternative mosquito (Culicidae) larvicide solution.
 
Effect of Cadmium Chloride on the weight of body and some organs of Japanese quail and the protective role of Quercetin
Get PDFThe current study wanted to know the effects caused by cadmium chloride in the body weight and the weight of some organs of the Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica , which are the liver, kidney, and brain and the protective role of quercetin against these changes. In this study, (75) quail birds were used, and the birds were randomly divided into five experimental groups. The first group: which is the control group, was given distilled water for 45 days. The second group: the acute treatment group, was dosed with cadmium chloride at a concentration of 50 mg/kg for four consecutive days. The third group: the chronic treatment group, was dosed with cadmium chloride at a concentration of 20 mg/kg for 30 days. The fourth group: the quercetin group, was dosed with quercetin at a concentration of 50 mg/kg for 30 days, while the fifth group: which is the interference group, was dosed with quercetin at a concentration of 50 mg/kg for 45 days and within this period it was dosed with cadmium chloride at a concentration of 20 mg/kg for 30 days. The birds were dissected 4, 15, 30, and 60 days after the start of the experiment, and the birds were weighed before the start of the experiment and before each dissection, and the studied organs were weighed immediately after the dissection. The statistical results showed that there was a significant increase in the weight of the birds in the interference group compared to the control group as well as the rest of the groups. While the weight of the liver and kidney was significantly higher in the acute treatment group than the rest of the groups. While the brain weight was significantly higher in the quercetin group than the rest of the groups
Quantitative Analysis of Eukaryotic Protist Cells Using Image Processing with Epson Perfection V750 Pro & MATLAB
Get PDFBiomedical engineering is the link between engineering health sciences, and society. In this way, the biomedical engineer works in the development maintenance and assembly of equipment and programs to carry out diagnoses and treatments carried out by health professionals, such as: physicians, biomedical engineers, and dentists. In addition, can also manage the area of equipment purchases and develop scientific research on biomedical materials and instruments. Among the places where this professional works are: hospitals, medical clinics, health centers, pharmaceutical and clinical analysis laboratories, companies specialized in hospital maintenance and research centers. Therefore, the aim of this article is to propose a quantitative analysis of eukaryotic protist cells using image processing with a microscopy – Epson Perfection V750 and MATLAB-R2020 image analysis code. Thus, as results, were obtained a dataset of 14 eukaryotic detected cells samples using the MATLAB-R2020, and then a measurement pattern was utilized to quantify these 14 patterns, according the following premises: the sample number (from “sample 1” to “sample 14”); number of detected circles in eukaryotic cells images; sensitivity position of detection; edge threshold position; utilized method (phase code); object polarity (bright); and radius range (from 10µm to 30µm). As final results, the maximum numbers of detected circles were 287, and the minimum number of detected circles was 1 detection: utilizing a threshold of 0.3. Now utilizing a threshold form 0.2 to 0.94 (percentage difference of 370%), the maximum number of detected circles were 218 elements and the minimum number of detected circles were 7 elements (percentage difference about 3,000%). In conclusion, this experiment has obtained a better detection of circular elements in eukaryotic protist cells when the sensitivity position is seted at 0.99 and the edge threshold position is about 0.3: within phase code method, bright object polarity and radius range between 10µm and 30µm. These values were obtained using MATLAB-R2020.
 
Survey of Indigenous Plants Used as Anthelminthic in Benue South Geopolitical Zone of Benue State, Nigeria
Get PDFthe traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is fast disappearing as a consequence of modernization. This survey aimed at documenting indigenous plants used for the treatment of anthelmintic infections in the Benue South geopolitical zone of Benue State, Nigeria. Plant samples were collected from the field from twenty different locations including Otobi, Allan, Otukpo town central, Adoka-icho, Ochobo, Agadagba, Onyangede, Atilo, Ugbokolo, Ichama, Eke, Okpoga, Igumale, Utonkon, Agila, Ulayi Odiapa, Orihi, Obarike-Ito, and Obeko. The survey was carried out with the use of well-thought-out questionnaires in order to gather records on the plants usage as anthelminthic from traditional healers, herbalists, elders, and indigenous people. Collected plant samples were appropriately identified following standard protocols. Eighteen (18) plant species were collected, of which Carica papaya and Musa parasidiaca had the highest occurrence of (9%) while Albizia lebbeck, Urtica dioca, and Ficus exasperata had the least occurrence of (2.7%). Fabaceae and Rutaceae were the most represented plant families (11.1%). Among the different methods of preparation, Decoction (60%) had the highest occurrences whereas Squeezing (4%) had the least. On plant parts used, leaves (69.20 %) had the highest frequency of use while Fruits (7.7%) had the least. Based on findings from this study, Benue South geo-political zone has a great diversity of plants which are used for the management of Helminthic Infections. The study recommended that further research be carried out on the identified plant species to determine their efficacy and active biochemical compounds.
 
Quantification of Floristic Diversity and Current Status of Macrophytes in Katarmoni Beel, a Sacred Wetland, Kishanganj District, Bihar
Get PDFAquatic macrophytes play a significant role in maintaining the aquatic ecosystem by providing shelter for aquatic organisms and lives of rural communities. But unfortunately very negligible effort is put forwarded for the conservation of these great resources. It may create major problem in new future. So the aim of the present investigation is the documenting of the floristic composition, study of the vegetation of aquatic macrophytes, from Katarmoni beel. Extensive field survey was conducted from November 2021 to April 2023 and the total of 20 macrophytic species were recorded belonging to 14 families. The dominant families were Cyperaceae with 4 sp. followed by Poaceae with 3 sp. and 2 sp. of Convolvulaceae. Some qualitative characters viz. frequency, density, abundance, RF, RD, RA and IVI were also evaluated. Pontederia showed the highest dominance whereas Cyperus haspan and Pogostemon stellatus showed the lowest dominance
Bioinformatics Usage, Application and Challenges to Detect Human Genetic Diseases (Mini Review)
Get PDFBioinformatics is a field that combines computational methods with biology, explicitly focusing on macromolecules. It uses informatics techniques to analyze and structure vast information about these molecules. The data above have been generated by extensive molecular biology initiatives, including but not limited to large-scale projects involving genome sequencing, gene expression analysis, and investigations into genomics, proteomics, and protein-protein interactions. Precision healthcare programs are being widely implemented globally to enhance individualized patient care. The detection and management of genetic illnesses have seen notable advancements, primarily due to the growing availability of affordable and accurate sequencing data. The data above are derived from extensive molecular biology initiatives, including but not limited to large-scale programs focused on genome sequencing, gene expression analysis, genomics analysis, proteomics analysis, and protein-protein interaction study. In recent years, the field of bioinformatics has witnessed notable progressions. The progress in sequencing technology has resulted in a substantial augmentation in the quantity of genetic data produced. As a result, the establishment of approaches that can efficiently and promptly evaluate this data poses a substantial obstacle in the realm of bioinformatics research. This study aims to present a succinct summary of the most recent advancements in bioinformatics approaches that can be used in the domain of personalized medicine. To effectively leverage the potential of personalized medicine, it is imperative to embrace four innovative techniques. This paper will explore the obstacles and potential solutions related to the identification of predictive genetic biomarkers and genetic variations in patients. Moreover, it will tackle the anticipated future bioinformatics issues within this domain.
 
Presence of Candida pelliculosa and Enterobacter cloacae in Street Food of Mumbai
Get PDFIndia is a densely populated country and is popular for its street-food. Food–borne infections are a well-recognized problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial load and safety issues of randomly obtained street-food samples sold in the streets of Mumbai. The food samples were analysed for their viable count, identification and antibiogram pattern of the isolates were also carried out. The average total viable count of all analysed food samples was found to be 2.19 x 104 cfu/ml. In this study, presence of Candida pelliculosa and Enterobacter cloacae are being reported for the first time in Mumbai`s street-food. Both Candida pelliculosa and Enterobacter cloacae have been reported in neonatal intensive care units of hospitals. Antibiotic and antifungal susceptibility tests of the isolates were carried out and Candida pelliculosa was found to be resistant to antifungals-Polymyxin B, Colistin, Clotrimazole, and Fluconazole. Enterobacter cloacae was found to be susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Tetracycline and Imipenem and was resistant to Vancomycin and Erythromycin. As the worldwide urban population increases with rapid migration from rural areas, street-vended foods play a key role but also pose food safety challenges when they are prepared with disorganised food safety guidelines in small and unauthorised eateries. The vendor practices and hygiene of the vending area may be the reason for finding high microbial load in food samples. Hence the study emphasizes on the need to regulate the unauthorised and small food selling outlets, by conducting trainings, developing infrastructure, and carrying out regular inspections in a densely populated place like Mumbai
Molecular Docking studies against Glioblastoma Proteins
Get PDFGlioblastoma is a very aggressive tumor that arises from glial cells called astrocytes. It is a malignant brain tumor that unfortunately those affected generally die within a few months, even if they have undergone all the necessary treatments. This short theoretical communication aims to perform several Glioblastoma proteins by the Molecular Docking approach. From these results, Hypericin has shown high binding energies values ( - 10.22 kcal/mol) in human ALDH1A3 ( Aldehyde Dehydrogenase), while Curcumin, Polydatin, and drug Bemcentinib ( -10.32 kcal/mol, -9.69 kcal/mol and -13.28 kcal/mol respectively) with human LSD1 ( Lysine-specific demethylase 1).
 
Antitrypanosomal Potential of Wonderful Kola Methanolic Extract Against Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Get PDFSeveral pharmacognostic properties of wonderful kola plant has necessitated the need for a high-throughput identification of bioactive compounds present in this plant which could serve as lead compounds in developing potent and novel trypanocidal agents. Trypanosomiasis is a protozoal disease known as sleeping sickness which is ranked among top priority tropical infections. The aim of the current study was to identify the bioactive compounds present in methanolic extract of wonderful kola and determine its antitrypaosomal activity. Photochemical screenings and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the plan extracts was carried out to determine the bioactive compounds. A total of 12 adult rats, 7 weeks old of both sexes were randomly divided into six groups (1, 2,3,4,5 and 6) of 2 animals each. All the Groups were intraperitoneally infected with 0.1 mL of blood containing 106 Trypanosomes/mL. Groups 1- 4 received methanolic extract of wonderful kola intraperitoneally at daily doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/mL/kg body weight, while Group 5 received standard trypanosomal drug of 7.86 mg/kg (suramin dose) which served as the positive control and Group 6 was infected without any treatment (negative control). Different pathological parameters in terms of parasitemia, temperature, weight and percentage of survival were all evaluated. Some of the compounds identified include: saponins, tanins, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, benzendodecanoic acid, methyl tetradecanoate, hexadecanoic acid, diisooctyl adipate, cycloheptatien. Among the animals treated with methanolic extract of wonderful kola, there was decrease in the level of parasitaemia, decrease from higher to normal body temperature, increases in body weight and survival rate. In conclusion, Wonder Kola contains important bioactive compounds which are relatively safe and could be regarded as potential Trypanocidal agents in the treatment of trypanosomiasis.
 
Hypericin As A Possible Natural Molecule For The Treatment Of Alzheimer`s Disease: Computationa Studies Focused On Beta-Secretase-1(or BACE1)
Get PDFIn this short communication, for the first time computational approach through Molecular Docking by Autodock Vina was performed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. In this investigation, hundreds of natural molecules were investigated by the Virtual Screening method with the Pyrx program using the Beta-Secretase-1 protein in the Ligand Binding Site protein. From docking results, Hypericin has obtained an excellent binding energy value of -10.6 kcal/mol rather than other compounds investigated. Several biological studies are needed both to demonstrate the role of Hypericin in its mechanism and toxicity studies to evaluate whether this molecule can actually be useful for the treatment of Alzheimer`s disease.