Lyophilization, or freeze-drying, is an important preservation method for protein-based products, such as protein pharmaceuticals. However, the process introduces both freezing and drying stresses that can harm proteins. Here, we have studied the efficacy of AnAFP, a dehydrin-like antifreeze protein isolated from the broadleaf desert shrub Ammopiptanthus nanus, in reducing enzyme damage during freeze-drying, or lyophilization. We have shown that AnAFP can protect the model enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from both freezing and dehydration damages during lyophilization with similar or better efficacy than 10% w/v sucrose and superior to that of another known antifreeze protein
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