Eiid European Institute for Innovation Development
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The Culture of Visuals and the Visuals of Culture
No full textThis article offers the premises for an analytical reflection on how we look at images today, while questioning the role they have in our understanding of contemporary culture. We will discuss different visual culture aspects based on relevant case studies from advertising, branding, journalism, and art, arguing that the image is prevalent in today’s media culture, with our perception shaped by its structural lecturing rules (in the detriment of other content formats). Since contemporary culture is constantly and arbitrarily build on a subjective and consciousness perspective, we are witnessing on the cultural identity definition of our existence through image-reading patterns, text-looking solutions, and video-lecturing directions, as a multimodal subjective information-processing reaction to the spectacle of this intense digitalization of the society
American Choral Music. Historical and Stylistic Aspects
No full textSpeaking about the American choral music, conductor Kathy Romey observed that “our choral inheritance reflects a kaleidoscope of cultural and religious roots which gave birth to an astonishing melting pot” of musical and individual voices. The “American” choral music can be observed from two geographic perspectives—the United States and North America—which include works of composers from Canada, the United States, Puerto Rico, and Mexico. In both contexts, “specific American” choral music is extremely varied, flexible, and in a continuous change. It could take the form of a hymn of Shakers, of a song of Native Americans, a Moravian hymn, a spiritual Negro, of a song from the divine service of Judaic Sabbath, of a lullaby, a civil war marching, a Mexican salsa dance, a gospel hymn, an Asian artistic song, Broadway music, blues, a cowboy ballad or a European folk song. All these and much more are part of our collective culture—a diverse and rich tradition of many peoples, which expresses itself through a multitude of musical styles and genres.
Documentary Scientific Heritage – Actual Contextual Representation
No full textThe report analyses the process of the heritage model formation as the choice of different generations of different parts of it. The field of scientific knowledge is considered as a set of systematised objective knowledge accumulated by mankind. The role of science is considered, in which rational, i.e., reasonable, true, reliable knowledge of people about the environment and themselves is concentrated, which is intersubjective, can be shared and translated by people in communicative processes. The significance of cultural heritage, including scientific, is also evaluated, which for new generation is only illustrative information that is not related to current life and requires updating, i.e., rational development in order to be used in solving vital tasks for an individual. The problem of reliable and objective interpretation of historical events and circumstances of scientists’ activities reflected in the submitted documents, letters, diaries, notes, photographs, etc. is revealed
Project management for the implementation of lean manufacturing at an industrial enterprise
No full textThe study subject is the implementation of lean manufacturing using project management technology. The purpose is to substantiate the possibility of using tools and methods of lean production in industrial enterprises. General scientific research methods of external and participant observation, statistical methods, questionnaire survey, elements of process modeling were used. The results showed that the spread of lean production methods in industrial enterprises should be carried out as a project activity, initiating and implementing lean production projects in different structural divisions, on processes of different levels. This requires training in the basics of project management for managers and training in the basics of lean manufacturing for all employees in order to achieve universal inclusion. Shown that even single projects of lean manufacturing bring to the enterprise an increase in efficiency and an increase in labor productivity. The use of certain tools becomes an end in itself, and not a way to solve the identified problems. The participation of people in the implementation of lean manufacturing projects is not always conscious and highly motivated, which hinders the growth of involvement. Insufficient experience in independent implementation of projects in general slows down the implementation of lean manufacturing projects. As a result of the study, the authors show the effectiveness of lean production projects, identify problems specific to industrial enterprises, and identify some areas of activity that contribute to improving operational efficiency
Comprehensive Conservation and Restoration of Two Frames for the Temple Icons of the Sampson Cathedral in St. Petersburg
No full textThe article is devoted to the restoration of two carved gilded frames to the temple icons of the 1760s in the Rococo style, during the work on which the techniques of conservation, restoration, reconstruction and recreation associated with the severe physical condition of the objects of church decorative and applied art received in the restoration were comprehensively applied. The study purpose was to return the expositional appearance of church objects of decorative applied art as monuments of the cultural heritage of our country. Thanks to the well-coordinated and consistent conservation and restoration processes carried out on the monuments, professional craftsmen managed to turn the shapeless, heavily polluted fragments of two frames to the temple icons back into frames. After a comprehensive restoration of two frames, it was possible to return them to their former expositional and aesthetic appearance, prolong their life and preserve these monuments of church art for contemporaries and descendants, and then place them in the temple in their former historical places, i.e., to fulfil the main task of professional restorers to preserve the cultural heritage of Russia
From Mosaic to Pixel in Textile Art
No full textDue to technology and how the woven or knitted textile surfaces are created, they can be reduced to a graphical representation of modular, often square modular geometric grids. Thus thought, any decorative composition resembles the mosaic technique in which for the construction of the image it is reduced to a structure of units of the same size but of different colours or textures. Historically, the patchwork illustrates the technique of textile mosaic and makes the transition between classical, manual or mechanical techniques and contemporary digital art. Pixel art and the compositions of NFT works are based on a similar concept, creating the work from tiny independent images, which are chromatically modular correlated
Psychology of Objects and Their Interaction with Our Culture and Society. Emotional Design
No full textNumerous designers, sociologists, and psychologists have written about the relationships we establish with objects. Some speak of emotional connections, while others completely distance themselves from the connotation of emotions, valuing only the object’s function. Also, it should be noted that we are talking about inanimate objects, which can only offer us experiences related to the function for which they were created. This article aims to investigate the relationship between the object and the consumer, considering the society in which we live. We are taking into account the psychology of objects and how they play such an essential role in our lives, from their origins to the present. The evolution of object design is parallel to that of society, and it must be so because it has to respond to the needs of each moment. Most of the objects are created for practical purposes, but despite not having a defined use, one could say that decorative objects also have their function: to embellish. The field of study of this article intends to demonstrate also that even practical objects, if they have an aesthetic aspect, are easier to use, respecting specific criteria to be listed. It is about searching, classifying and analyzing each criterion to find a tool for understanding and hierarchical organization with which the individual can order the surrounding stimuli within their world of values and concepts. The methodology used is monographic-theoretical (we are dealing with a topic, an “abstract problem that may or may not have been the subject of other reflections”). It is divided into two parts, one about the theory of objects and the other that deals with the interaction of the object, through its interface, with society, and its psychological qualities. We will also establish right from the beginning the concept of interface as a communicating form and as a communication context of the object. We will take the interface as a communicating aspect of the object with the world, a “language” specific to each object. Just as we humans have our language to communicate, each object has its interface corresponding to its destination (the function for which it was designed). And depending on the “language” used (the interface), we get one response or another from the interlocutor. Each interface represents an identity, the identity of each object through which it communicates with the outside. We will refer to an influential author, Donald Norman, among others, who speak of those emotional aspects that intervene in the functionality of the design. We will summarise by way of conclusion all the criteria mentioned, which could be considered criteria for good design, leaving a record of the research results for future designers, creators of objects and user experiences. Through this study, the possible bases for future research or practical projects that start with the theme of the functionality/attractiveness of objects are established
Music Teachers Influencing Lives
No full textThere are many teachers in Slovak music history and in present times who have educated generations of musicians with love and who have influenced many artistic careers and lifestyles. Paying homage to these personalities and making their activities accessible to the public is the goal of the national project KEGA 003UMB–4/2021, Lexicon of Personalities of Slovak Music Pedagogy. The paper aims to briefly present two exceptional personalities who work with talented pupils/students of different ages, in different cities, different types and levels of schools, but with a common mission. They are united by their love for the teaching profession, their way of communicating, and their responsibility and exceptional human values. The authors present piano teacher, performer and accompanist Viera Horváthová, a prominent figure in primary art education; we also present Gregorian chant teacher, researcher and author of theoretical works Janka Bednáriková, a respected pedagogue at the Catholic university. The method used in this research is a questionnaire and interviews conducted in 2021–2022
Features of Moscow budget execution for 2020-2021
No full textoai:ojs2.journals.eiid.eu:article/1Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. The study of its budget, the transformation of budget planning and execution, the characteristics of individual budget sections is an urgent topic for many economists and lawyers working in international statistics especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study purpose is to analyze the implementation of the Moscow budget for 2020-2021. Legislative, regulatory documents, like statistical data of the Rosstat were used to achieve the purpose of the study and to solve the tasks set. From the analysis of the indicators of 2020 and 2021, like summary data for the last ten years, it is clear there is a tendency to increase both budget revenues and their expenditures every year. It is due to the unconditional growth of the tax base because it previously learnt that tax revenues are the most significant for the subject and the need to renovate its urban space. Mainly renovation and development are expressed in the transport links’ construction of transport financing of housing programs
A Recollection: Early Aircraft Construction, the Prerogative of Wood Craftsmen
No full textIn this article, the author tried to consider the place and role of wood processors in the early period of the aeronautical industry, approximately 1910-1940, when most aircraft were built of wood. The professions in this field and the woodworking tools or machines used at that time are brought back to attention. Starting from the accounts of a first-rate craftsman who worked during the WWII at the Romanian Aeronautical Industry Plants in Braşov, Romania (going through the hierarchy from carpenter to foreman) and from the way the Bristol and Colonial Airplane Company in Filton, United Kingdom works (as reflected in the aerospace museum from Filton), but also from a technical regulation imposed by the United States War Department on factories that produced and repaired military aircraft, the author tries to reconstruct the form of organization and work during the pioneering period of aviation and during the first factories in the field. It can be considered that this article is a tribute to these woodworkers, but also a reconsideration of how the aeronautical industry developed and a remember of its beginnings for those of today. The author also tries to give pertinent answers, in his opinion, related to the causes of wood replacement as the main material for the construction of aircraft. Later days steel and aluminium, then fiberglass, modern composites, and, nowadays, the nanomaterials have taken its place, but it can never be forgotten or ignored. This year is the half-centenary of the death of Henri Coanda, a Romanian scientist, one of the pioneers of jet aviation, since 1910. This article is intended to be the first in a series of homage articles, designed to bring the work and personality to this genius