Eiid European Institute for Innovation Development
Not a member yet
217 research outputs found
Sort by
Assessment of the State of Ukraine’s Light Industry Market and Possible Paths to Its Recovery
No full textUnder prolonged economic and political instability, particularly due to the war, Ukraine’s light industry market has undergone significant changes and challenges. The study aims to analyse the current state of the light industry market and identify ways for its recovery. The study employs economic and statistical analysis methods, systematisation, induction and deduction, and logical generalisation. The study methodology includes a combination of financial and statistical methods (to determine production capacity utilisation compared to the pre-war period, the proportion of industrial enterprises operating at near-full and full capacity, a systematisation method (to group the identified problems of Ukraine’s light industry market) and a method of logical generalisation (to formulate recommendations for the sector’s recovery). The study established that Ukraine’s light industry market is experiencing a difficult period due to a combination of internal and external challenges: a decline in exports, a disrupted export-import balance (imports exceed exports by a factor of three), increased import levels, a shortage of skilled labour, and difficulties in obtaining state financial assistance. It was found that the main problems of the light industry market include export difficulties due to customs barriers, inequality within the domestic market, economic instability and limited access to credit, a rigid tax system, insufficient state support and localisation, issues in workforce training, a significant share of the shadow economy, and logistical and transportation problems. The study determined that to restore Ukraine’s light industry market, a comprehensive set of measures must be implemented: the introduction of a temporary zero VAT rate for imported equipment and the implementation of a mechanism for using tax funds to invest in modernisation and innovation; initiating negotiations with the EU to eliminate import duties on textile products, which would help increase the export of Ukrainian goods to European markets. In addition, it was found that it is significant to support the domestic market through government programmes that ensure access to credit and adapt the tax system to martial law conditions
Functional Adaptation of the Grain Carrier with Unstable Weight of the Transported Grain
No full textThe methodology of functional adaptation of a grain truck by adjusting the speed depending on the density of the transported grain crop is proposed. As a result of studying the functional adaptation of a grain truck with an unstable mass of transported grain, it was found that fluctuations in the grain cargo during transportation significantly affect the stability of the vehicle, especially during maneuvering and braking. When estimating the weight of a grain truck, the density of the transported grain must be taken into account. The volumetric carrying capacity of a grain truck is carefully assessed by establishing a functional dependence on such parameters as nominal carrying capacity, volumetric carrying capacity, body volume, and cargo volume. The dynamic space of grain truck operation is based on a metric state space, each element of which fully determines the state of the system under consideration according to certain functional parameters. If one or more functional parameters of the grain truck are unstable and deviate from their nominal values, the grain truck may lose its functional stability and not perform the functions defined by the regulatory and technical documentation. In such cases, the dynamic operating space is characterised by transfer functions that provide a mathematical basis for analysing the behaviour of the system. During the operation of a grain truck, the task of ensuring its functioning in one of two areas is solved: the area of operation or the area of optimal operation. To ensure that the grain carrier operates in the optimal region, it is necessary to select such nominal values of functional parameters and tolerance fields to ensure the position of the spread and outputs in this region
Virtual and Augmented Reality in the Education of Medical Students
No full textVirtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies play an extremely important role in the healthcare sector, where their application allows for better diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients. These technologies play a particularly important role in the healthcare sector, where their application allows for better diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients. The purpose of the study is to analyze scientific data on the use of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the education of medical students and in the practice of doctors. The role of VR and AR technologies in planning complex surgeries is particularly noteworthy, where they allow surgeons to pre-model interventions and receive visual cues in real time, reducing the trauma of operations and increasing their efficiency. In rehabilitation programs, VR and AR are becoming indispensable tools for physical and cognitive rehabilitation of patients, providing effective methods of restoring motor and cognitive functions. The author concludes that the use of VR and AR for mental health deserves special attention. Modern technologies make it possible to create safe and controlled environments for the treatment of anxiety disorders and PTSD, enabling patients to gradually adapt to stressful situations, reducing anxiety and improving their emotional state
Mathematical Model for Synergistic Purification in Portable Water Device
No full textThe article considers the urgent problem of ensuring safe drinking water in global crises, anthropogenic impacts, and military conflicts. The topic’s relevance is due to the growth of water pollution, which poses serious threats to public health and contributes to the emergence of epidemics. The study object is water purification processes using mobile autonomous devices that integrate mechanical filtration, ozonation, and ultraviolet disinfection. The study subject is a mathematical model of synergistic water purification processes, including analyzing hydraulic characteristics (using the Darcy equation), ozonation kinetics (first-order reaction model), and logarithmic kinetics of UV disinfection. The study aims to develop a mathematical model of the synergistic effect of these processes, which allows optimizing the operation of the device with minimal energy consumption. The study’s objectives are to analyze the principles of operation of each purification stage and develop the mathematical models (using the Darcy equation for filtration, the pseudo-first-order model for ozonation, and logarithmic kinetics for ultraviolet disinfection). The main research methods are theoretical analysis and mathematical modeling. The results indicate the effectiveness of an integrated approach that removes mechanical, chemical, and biological contaminants, making the technology promising for use in emergencies and hard-to-reach regions
Analysis of revenues and expenditures of the budget of the Russian Federation’s subject on the example of St. Petersburg
No full textEach Russian Federation’s subject has its budget as part of the entire Russian Federation. This budget is intended to fulfil the entity’s expenditure obligations. At the same time, it is not worth forgetting that any budget, regardless of its level, always consists of three elements: formation, distribution and execution. The activity of each entity is inextricably linked with cash, which is why it is so important to focus on its formation and distribution process. Knowing the current state of the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, including understanding its detailed structure of income and expenses, it is possible, if necessary, to redistribute budget funds in another direction. This, in turn, will allow you to use your funds as efficiently as possible. The purpose of the study is to analyse St. Petersburg’s budget. Analytical, comparative, and statistical methods were used to achieve the goal and solve the tasks. The study used regulations and analytical articles from researchers and journalists in the Russian economy. The authors conclude that St. Petersburg’s budget is currently in deficit, although in 2023, it was in surplus. However, while this entity has a huge public debt, discussing any surplus budget is impossible
The Legal Mechanism of Criminal Legislation for Tax Crimes
No full textThe funds collected through taxes and levies are allocated by the state for purposes of public interest: national defence, the effective functioning of healthcare institutions, the provision of educational facilities, the maintenance of law enforcement bodies, and so on. Accordingly, the state faces the critical task of preventing tax evasion and non-payment of levies. The primary means of addressing this issue is by imposing on individuals and legal entities the obligation to pay taxes and establishing criminal liability for acts resulting in the non-receipt of the relevant contributions into the state’s budgetary system. The study aimed to identify the legal mechanisms within criminal legislation concerning tax offences. The authors concluded that amendments to the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code of Russia will impact business practices and state policy. However, certain procedural aspects remain insufficiently developed by the legislature. For instance, the court, rather than the investigator, must determine the amount of tax underpayment by considering the actual expenses incurred by the taxpayer
Financial Analysis of the Zaporizhia Oblast
No full textThe relevance of this topic lies in the fact that, under current conditions, regional authorities are playing an increasingly significant role in ensuring the comprehensive development of regions, as well as the balanced development of both the production and non-production sectors within their jurisdictions. For the economic development of any constituent entity, it is essential to accurately calculate the level of planned revenues and expenditures. In this regard, the regional administration, while analysing the socio-economic situation in the region and considering the performance of the consolidated and regional budgets, develops a forecast of the region’s economic and social development, along with targeted programmes. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it presents the first financial analysis of the entities of Zaporizhzhia Oblast within the context of their presence in the Russian legal framework. This work does not reflect the political aspects of the situation but focuses purely on the economic indicators of the region’s development. The author concludes that the budget of Zaporizhzhia Oblast has been in surplus for two consecutive years. These results have been achieved through intensive investment in industry and agriculture in those districts under Russian jurisdiction, alongside the ongoing development of the territories still under Ukrainian control. As a result, it is possible to observe economic growth in Zaporizhzhia Oblast despite the fact that it remains a zone of military conflict
Adsorbents Based on Modified Clay Minerals for Heavy Metals Removal
No full textThe escalating global issue of heavy metal contamination in water resources necessitates the development of efficient and sustainable remediation technologies. Adsorption using modified clay minerals has emerged as a promising approach due to the natural abundance, low cost, and inherent adsorption capacity of clays, which can be significantly enhanced through various modification techniques. This review explores the fundamentals of clay minerals as adsorbents, detailing their structure, properties, and natural adsorption capabilities. It synthesizes current research on the mechanisms of heavy metal adsorption onto modified clay minerals, including ion exchange, surface complexation, and electrostatic attraction, highlighting the influence of modification on these processes. Various methods for enhancing adsorption, such as chemical (acid activation, pillaring, organic modification, metal oxide functionalization, polymer modification), physical (thermal treatment), biogenic, and mechano-chemical treatments, are discussed. The investigation examines the efficacy of modified clay minerals in removing various heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic, along with the principal elements affecting adsorption effectiveness, such as pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. The review also addresses the challenges, limitations, and future directions in the application of these materials for heavy metal removal, emphasizing the ongoing need for cost-effective, selective, and environmentally friendly solutions. Key researchers whose works are utilized in this review include Lamrani et al., Adekeye et al., Sarkar et al., Bhatnagar et al., and Pylypenko et al., whose contributions have significantly advanced the understanding and application of modified clay minerals in wastewater treatment. The results of this study are intended for environmental scientists, engineers, researchers, and policymakers seeking sustainable solutions for heavy metal pollution remediation
Formation of a Conceptual Framework for Interaction between Local Self-Government Bodies and Non-Governmental Organizations in Ukraine
No full textNon-governmental organizations in Ukraine, as subjects of public administration on the one hand and part of civil society on the other, play an essential role in supporting social, economic, and environmental initiatives, as well as in shaping policy and influencing management processes through mechanisms of public consultations and participation in the development of legislation. The article aims to substantiate modern forms and mechanisms of interaction between local councils and non-governmental organizations in the context of overcoming the humanitarian crisis, as well as recommendations for optimizing this cooperation to increase the social resilience of communities. To achieve this goal, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, content analysis, modeling, case studies, and a systemic approach were used. The concept of “integration symbiosis” is proposed, forming an innovative model of cooperation between local councils and non-governmental organizations through integrating European standards, using local innovations, and the involvement of citizens in management processes. The main components of the concept – the Three Ps institutional model, the civic innovation accelerator, the digital hub, the adaptive democracy model, and the partnership trust fund – are aimed at strengthening the capacity of non-governmental organizations, transparent distribution of tasks, motivating civic participation and preventing corruption. The expected results include increasing trust among all participants, introducing innovations to solve local problems, accelerating integration with the EU, and strengthening civil society. At the same time, the emphasis on digital technologies, open platforms, and transparency mechanisms creates prospects for the sustainable development of local communities in Ukraine
Formation of the state model of the estate-representative monarchy
No full textIn world history, one of the undoubtedly important stages is the period of the estate-representative monarchy. It was during this era of mature feudalism that state institutions gradually took shape. To fully understand the impact of this stage in our history, it is necessary to consider the political and social and economic prerequisites for the emergence of this state system, to consider the institutions of power of this period, to consider how this stage affected the entire history of the state as a whole. The study subject is the problem of the formation of state institutions in the conditions of a class-representative monarchy. The study purpose is to show the formation of a class-representative monarchy in world history, as well as its influence on the development of functional elements of states. The study was conducted on the basis of dialectical-materialistic methodology, within the framework of which logical, formal, historical, comparative, and other methods of scientific knowledge were used to solve the research problems. The researcher concludes that the fate of the estate-representative bodies varies in different countries. They have only one thing in common – the presence of representatives of different classes in these institutions. Also, these bodies were united by the fact that representatives of these institutions could formally influence the policy of the state, despite the fact that in some countries this influence was lower, and in some, on the contrary, higher. In other respects, the estate-representative bodies of different countries were little alike, ranging from the political rights of representatives of the estates, ending with the history of the appearance of these bodies