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Zoomorphic figurine from the Late Bronze Age settlement of Kalnik – Igrišče
Get PDFU radu se analizira zoomorfna figura pronađena na suhozidu kasnobrončanodobnog objekta na arheološkom nalazištu Kalnik – Igrišče (sjeverozapadna hrvatska). Figura je djelomično oštećena i nema glavu te je bilo teško odrediti kojoj vrsti životinje pripada. Najbliža analogija je u susjednoj Sloveniji na naselju Ormož. Članak donosi pregled ostalih zoomorfnih i hibridnih figura u periodu kasnog brončanog i početka starijeg željeznog doba na prostoru sjeverne Hrvatske i dovodi ih u vezu sa sličnim nalazima u susjednim zemljama. Donose se i zaključci o funkciji tih figura.The paper analyses a zoomorphic figurine found on the drywall of a Late Bronze Age structure at the Kalnik – Igrišče archaeological site (north-western Croatia). The figurine is partially damaged and has no head, making it difficult to identify the animal it represents. The closest analogy is found in the neighboring Slovenian settlement of Ormož. The paper provides an overview of other zoomorphic and hybrid figurines from the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in northern Croatia, drawing connections to similar finds in neighbouring countries. Conclusions are also made about the function of these fi gurines
Multiscale and Multitemporal Remote Sensing for Neolithic Settlement Detection and Protection—The Case of Gorjani, Croatia
Get PDFThe decade of research concentrating on the area of Eastern Slavonia revealed an abundance of large and complex Middle and Late Neolithic sites. It changed profoundly how we perceive Middle and Late Neolithic settlements, including space, size and organization. The vast majority of these sites were detected through aerial reconnaissance and satellite image analysis. The observation of the sites was followed by intensive field surveys, which confirmed their attribution to the Middle and Late Neolithic period by surface finds. On those confirmed sites in the vicinity of Đakovo, Croatia, a magnetic survey was conducted on five sites, and the results confirmed the presence of large-scale Middle and Late Neolithic settlements with complex spatial organization and enclosure(s). The most complex remains so far are the sites Gorjani, Kremenjača and Topole, which we present in this paper, where one or two settlements remain covering an area of 70 hectares which is currently in the process of formal protection as a cultural landscape by the Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia. The special focus of this paper is the application of remote sensing in the detection, archaeological confirmation and protection of the site of Gorjani Topole
Recherches sur les villae de Dalmatia centrale : l'exemple de la villa romaine de Bunje sur l'île de Brač
No full textNa sjeveroistočnom dijelu otoka Brača nalazi se lokalitet Novo Selo Bunje gdje je u 1. st. po. Kr. podignut manji gospodarski objekt. Plodno polje Vejak i padine Gračišća pokazali su sjajan poljoprivredni potencijal i veća vila podignuta je u 2. st. po. Kr. Poštujući konfiguraciju terena, sagrađena je vila koja uključuje stambeni dio s privatnim termama. U gospodarskom dijelu vile nalazili su se veliki mlin, plato za odlaganje drobljenih maslina, veliki tijesak i bazeni za prikupljanje ulja prekriveni bijelim mozaicima i/ili hidrauličkom žbukom te manji tijesak na sjeveroistočnom dijelu lokaliteta kod cisterni. Kasnije, u 4. st. po. Kr. na vili se događa velika rekonstrukcija te dogradnja, posebno na južnoj terasi. U okviru ove faze preuređena je prostorija za preradu ulja i vina u sjeveroistočnom dijelu lokaliteta s velikim tijeskom. Neki kasnoantički zidovi pokazuju različitost u načinu gradnje što nam govori o pregradnjama i popravcima nakon velike rekonstrukcije vile, ali bez planske izgradnje kao što je to bilo u 2. i 4. st. Postoji značajna količina nalaza iz 5. i 6. stoljeća što svjedoči o životu na lokalitetu i u tom razdoblju. Na lokalitetu su pronađeni kasnoantički grobovi datirani od kraja 5. st. do početka 7. st.: inhumacijski grob, grob u amfori i sarkofag u zidanoj velikoj grobnici
Poljana Križevačka 1: a settlement at the end of the Late Iron Age
No full textZaštitna arheološka istraživanja na trasi autocesta u posljednjih su nekoliko desetljeća dovela do značajnih pomaka u poznavanju hrvatske arheološke baštine pojedinih razdoblja i/ili područja. Istraživanja provedena na trasi autoceste A12 između Svete Helene i graničnog prijelaza (GP) Gola pritom nisu izuzetak. Više nalazišta pokazalo je bogatstvo napose prapovijesne, brončanodobne i srednjovjekovne baštine križevačkog kraja. Ističe se otkriće ranobrončanodobne vinkovačke kulture na položaju Poljane Križevačke 1 (PK 1), naselje i groblje virovitičke grupe kasnog brončanog doba na Poljani Križevačkoj 2 (PK 2) kao i kasnosrednjovjekovno naselje Buzadovec – Vojvodice. Ovima se pridodaje i otkriće naselja iz mlađeg željeznog doba na Poljani Križevačkoj 1 koje je predmet ovog rada. Bogat keramički materijal pronađen u objektima datiranima u kasni laten ukazuje na manje naselje vjerojatnog ruralnog karaktera, koje nastavlja svoj život i početkom rimskog doba. S naseljem je vjerojatno povezan i istovremeni kasnolatenski objekt istražen na položaju Poljane Križevačke 2 u neposrednoj blizini, stoga se materijal s tog nalazišta također prikazuje u svrhu potpunijeg razumijevanja materijalne kulture mlađeg željeznog doba na ovom prostoru. Zaštitna istraživanja obaju nalazišta smještenih u Koprivničko-križevačkoj županiji provedena su u razdoblju razdoblju od rujna do prosinca 2011. te od ožujka do travnja 2022. godine (PK 1), odnosno od rujna do studenog 2011. u slučaju drugog položaja (PK 2). Dva su položaja – PK 1 i 2 – ne samo geografski bliska, već i vrlo slična po zastupljenosti arheoloških razdoblja. Pritom se napominje da objekti iz kasnog brončanog doba s dvaju položaja ne pripadaju istom horizontu, stoga postoji određeni pomak lokacije korištene u tom razdoblju. S druge strane, kasnolatenski objekt s PK 2 predstavlja osamljeni nalaz i može se smatrati povezanim s većim naseljem na položaju Poljane 1. Zajedno s ranorimskim dobom, koje se izravno nastavlja na kasnolatensko, riječ je očito o razdoblju intenzivnog korištenja prostora, koje nakon toga iz za sada nepoznatih razloga ostaje nenaseljeno sve do kasnoga srednjeg vijeka, kada su oba položaja opet korištena. Naselje na Poljani Križevačkoj svakako predstavlja do sada najveću istraženu površinu i najveći broj objekata iz razdoblja kasnoga latena dokumentiran na širem križevačkom području. Objavom pokretne građe kao i infrastrukture naselja znatno se nadopunjava poznavanje ovog razdoblja na širem prostoru. Prikazani su keramički nalazi koji su tipološki analizirani, s popratnim analogijama iz šire regije koje omogućavaju dataciju nalaza i smještaj lokaliteta u regionalni kontekst. Također se daje osvrt na naselja usporedive infrastrukture. Zaključak jest da je riječ o kasnolatenskom naselju s kontinuitetom u ranorimsko vrijeme koje je imalo ruralni karakter i pripadalo istočnom području rasprostiranja Tauriska, s najboljim analogijama na prostoru Podravine i sjeveroistočne Slovenije.Rescue archaeological research on highway routes in the last few decades have led to significant developments in the knowledge of the Croatian archaeological heritage of certain periods and/or areas. Research conducted on the route of the A12 highway between Sveta Helena and the Gola border crossing is no exception. Several sites have shown the richness of the prehistoric, Bronze Age and medieval heritage of the Križevci region. The discovery of the Early Bronze Age Vinkovci culture at the location of Poljana Križevačka 1 (PK 1), the settlement and cemetery of the Late Bronze Age Virovitica group at Poljana Križevačka 2 (PK 2) as well as the late medieval settlement of Buzadovec - Vojvodice are highlighted. Added to these is the discovery of a settlement from the Late Iron Age at Poljana Križevačka 1, which is the subject of this monograph. The rich ceramic material found in objects dated to the late La Tene period indicates a smaller settlement of a probable rural character, which continued its life at the beginning of the Roman era. A contemporaneous Late La Tene object explored at the location of Poljana Križevačka 2 in the immediate vicinity is probably connected with the settlement, therefore the material from that site is also presented for the purpose of a more complete understanding of the material culture of the Late Iron Age in this area. Rescue excavations of both sites located in Koprivnica-Križevci County were carried out in the period from September to December 2011 and from March to April 2022 (PK 1), that is, from September to November 2011 in the case of the second location (PK 2). The two locations - PK 1 and 2 - are not only geographically close, but also very similar in terms of the representation of archaeological periods. It should be noted that objects from the Late Bronze Age on the two positions do not belong to the same horizon, therefore there is a certain shift in the location used in that period. On the other hand, the late La Tene period object on PK 2 is an isolated find and can be considered connected to a larger settlement at the location of Poljana 1. Together with the early Roman period, which directly continues to the Late La Tene period, it is clearly a period of intensive use of the space, which after that for unknown reasons remained uninhabited until the late Middle Ages, when both positions were used again. The settlement in Poljana Križevačka certainly represents the largest so far investigated area and the largest number of buildings from the Late La Tene Period documented in the wider Križevci area. The publication of movable materials as well as the infrastructure of the settlement considerably complements the knowledge of this period in a wider area. Ceramic finds have been analyzed typologically, with accompanying analogies from the wider region that enable the dating of the finds and the placement of the site in the regional context. It also gives an overview of settlements with comparable infrastructure. The conclusion is that it is a late La Tene settlement with continuity into the early Roman period that had a rural character and belonged to the eastern area of territory attributed to the Taurisci, with the best analogies in the area of Podravina and northeastern Slovenia
Izgubljeno-nađeno: rimsko mjerenje municipalnih zemljišta na sjevernim otocima hrvatskog Jadrana
No full textThe introduction of airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology in the Mediterranean region over the past decade has significantly increased opportunities for archaeological research. Archaeological remote sensing has proven to be a versatile tool with numerous applications beyond simple site mapping. One approach is the large-scale interpretation of ALS data, which allows for the analysis of the stratigraphic information contained within the data. This is particularly useful for analysing the rich remains of past land use in the karst landscapes of coastal Croatia. The Roman dry stone walls of the Kvarner islands of Krk and Cres serve as an example. These structures outline the framework backbone of Roman surveying; however, due to their poor state of preservation, many remains can only be identified through ALS data rather than aerial photography. An absolute chronology for these features was established using the OSL profiling and dating method (OSL-PD), providing a date range of AD 200 ± 100. These results can be considered the first clear evidence of surveying municipal lands on the Croatian islands.
Austrian Science Fund (FWF): Grant-DOI: 10.55776/I6039Uvođenje tehnologije zračnog laserskog skeniranja (ALS) tijekom proteklog desetljeća znatno je povećalo mogućnosti arheoloških istraživanja u mediteranskom području. Arheološka daljinska detekcija pokazala se kao svestran alat, koji pored jednostavnih kartiranja nalazišta omogućuje i brojne druge primjene. Jedan od pristupa je opsežna interpretacija ALS podataka, koja omogućuje analizu stratigrafskih informacija sadržanih u podatcima. Takav pristup je posebno koristan kod analize brojnih ostataka nekadašnje uporabe zemljišta u krškim krajolicima priobalne Hrvatske. Jedan takav primjer su rimski suhozidi na kvarnerskim otocima Krku i Cresu, koji ocrtavaju okosnicu rimske izmjere zemljišta. No, zbog loše očuvanosti, mnogi ostatci suhozida mogu se prepoznati samo putem ALS podataka, a ne na zračnim fotografijama. Apsolutna kronologija ovih objekata uspostavljena je korištenjem metode OSL profiliranja i datiranja (OSL-PD), koja daje raspon datiranja od 200 ± 100 g. po. Kr. Dobiveni rezultati nude prve jasne dokaze mjerenja municipalnih zemljišta na hrvatskim otocima.
Austrian Science Fund (FWF): Grant-DOI: 10.55776/I603
SOCIO-HISTORICAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRAUMA PATTERNS: DATA FROM 15TH TO 17TH CENTURY BURIALS FROM IVANEC
No full textThis study presents the results of the analysis of human osteological material from the site of Ivanec–Stari Grad (Castle), located in northwestern Croatia. Archaeological excavations at the site were carried out by the Institute of Archaeology from 1998 until 2012, finding 326 graves inside and around the two churches: one from the Romanesque period and the other from the Gothic period. Based on the finds and stratigraphy, graves can be dated from the 11th until the beginning of the 17th century and are divided into five burial phases. This study includes skeletal remains from the last two burial phases, i.e. the period from the 15th to the beginning of the 17th century. The analysis was conducted on 91 of 93 graves, as two graves were excluded from the study. Trauma analysis was carried out on the crania and the postcranial skeleton where more than 50% of the bone was present. All the recorded traumas were identified as antemortem; a possible cause of their occurrence is suggested on the basis of their location on the skeleton. Results show the complete absence of trauma in subadults and females and a low frequency of cranial and long bone
traumas in males. Most of the traumas were recorded on the ribs and vertebrae; all the recorded traumas were the result of accidental injuries. The obtained results are consistent with historical records, which do not speak of major conflicts in the considered area during what was generally a turbulent period in Croatia. However, they reflect the changes in estate ownership and indicate an increase in inequality between different social classes, which is also suggested by the occurrence of trauma in the considered sample
Results of the 2021 excavations at the Zakotorac – Gomile site
Get PDFNakon otkrića bogato opremljene grobnice 1, istraživanja provedena 2021. godine bila su usmjerena na gomile 1 i 2 koje se nalaze na istočnome rubu prapovijesne nekropole Gomile smještene kod zaseoka Zakotorac na Pelješcu. Površina gomile 1 već je ranije bila oštećena, a u njoj su pronađena četiri groba. Cjelovito je ostao sačuvan samo grob 4 s pokopom namjanje tri pokojnika u kojem su pronađeni predmeti nošnje i nakita te keramičke posude koji ga datiraju u drugu polovicu 5. i početak 4. st. pr. Kr. Gomila 2 predstavlja suhozidnu grobnu strukturu, poput grobnice 1, a u njoj su pronađeni ostaci najmanje 19 pokojnika s predmetima nošnje i nakita, naoružanjem te keramičkim posudama koji ukazuju na pokopavanje tijekom 5. te do sredine 4. st. pr. Kr. Do nje, sa zapadne strane, nalazila se suhozidna struktura s malobrojnim nalazima. Istražene su još dvije manje suhozidne strukture koje su se nalazile uz vanjski rub gomile 3. Rezultati istraživanja svjedoče o kompleksnome grobnom ritualu te ukazuju na nove spoznaje o materijalnoj ostavštini iz željeznoga doba na prostoru Pelješca.After the discovery of richly equipped tomb 1, the 2021 excavations focused on stone mounds 1 and 2, located on the eastern edge of Gomile, a prehistoric necropolis near the hamlet of Zakotorac on the Pelješac Peninsula. Mound 1 was damaged on the surface and contained four graves. Only grave 4 is fully preserved, containing at least three individuals and including costume and jewellery items, as well as ceramic vessels, dating it to the second half of the 5th and the beginning of the 4th century BC. Mound 2 is a dry-stone burial structure, similar to tomb 1. It contained the remains of at least 19 individuals, along with costume and jewellery items, weaponry, and ceramic vessels, indicating burials during the 5th and up to the mid-4th century BC. Adjacent to it, on the western side, was a dry-stone structure with sparse finds. Also, two smaller dry-stone structures located on the outer edge of mound 3 were excavated. The results of these investigations reveal a complex funerary ritual and provide new insights into the material heritage of the Iron Age on the Pelješac Peninsula
Facing the Gorgon in Pharos: A Glimpse into Central Adriatic Glocality?
Get PDFAmong the numerous pottery artefacts unearthed in archaeological excavations in Stari Grad on Hvar Island (modern Dalmatia, Croatia), preserving the material testimonies of Pharos, an ancient Greek polis in the central-eastern Adriatic, one particular fragment of a vessel, probably a fish plate, stands out as a remarkable and captivating artefact. This fragment features a subsequently incised image within the depression in the middle of its floor, identified as a graffito depicting a Gorgoneion, an image of the Gorgon's head. As such, it represents not only a unique advanced artistic expression from the 4th or early 3rd century BCE in a region where imagery is rare, but also evidence that a well-known Greek cultural tradition was practiced in the central Adriatic, embedded into the facets of insular cultural identity and possibly a religious/spiritual sphere
Posthumno kovana drahma Aleksandra III. s lokaliteta Kaptol − Gradca (središnja južna Panonija)
Get PDFA posthumous drachm of Alexander III, possibly an imitation, was found outside of any archaeological context on the important Iron Age site in southern Pannonia, the hillfort settlement at Kaptol − Gradca. The settlement seems to have been abandoned by Lt B2, while the deposition of the drachm should be dated to the later part of Lt C1 or the early Lt C2 period. The deposition date can be inferred from the hoard evidence in the immediately adjacent regions. This leaves a hiatus of a generation or two between the abandonment of the settlement and the deposition of the coin. The drachm certainly arrived to south-central Pannonia from the east, either the south-eastern Pannonia and the Central Balkans area or the region between the Southern Carpathians and the Balkan mountain range.Posthumno kovana drahma Aleksandra III. – možda imitacija – pronađena je izvan arheološkog konteksta na važnom željeznodobnom lokalitetu u južnoj Panoniji, visinskom naselju Kaptol − Gradca. Čini se da je to naselje bilo napušteno do razdoblja Lt B2, dok se odlaganje drahme treba datirati u kasni Lt C1 ili rani Lt C2. Datum odlaganja može se odrediti na temelju analize ostava odloženih u susjednim područjima. To ostavlja prazninu od jedne ili dvije generacije između napuštanja naselja i odlaganja kovanice. Drahma je sigurno na područje središnje južne Panonije dospjela s istoka, bilo iz jugoistočne Panonije i središnjeg Balkanskog poluotoka ili iz područja između južnih Karpata i planinskog lanca Balkana