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Histological and Macromorphological Method of Burned Bones Analysis of Humans and Animals on the Example of Roman Period Graves of the Northwestern Necropolis of Siscia (Sisak, Croatia)
Get PDFProžimanje makromorfološke i histološke metode analize spaljenih kostiju iz arheološkoga konteksta pruža mogućnost boljega razumijevanja tafonomskih procesa koji mijenjaju osteološki materijal tijekom gorenja i nakon polaganja u zemlju. Također, omogućavaju bolje razumijevanje pogrebnih običaja. Analizirani su spaljeni ostaci ljudi i životinja iz dvadeset jednoga groba rimskodobne nekropole iz Siscije (Sisak, Hrvatska). Samo u dva groba spaljeni ostaci bili su očuvani u urnama, dok su ostali bili položeni u zemlju, u grobnu jamu. Očuvanost koštanih i dentalnih ostataka humanoga i animalnoga podrijetla je vrlo niska. Riječ je o fragmentima čija je duljina iznosila do 10 mm, a masa uzoraka rijetko je prelazila 30 g po osobi. Histološka metoda analize omogućila je preciznije odjeljivanje humanih od animalnih fragmenata kosti i odredbu doživljene starosti u rasponu od pet ili deset godina. Za slabo očuvane uzorke bilo je moguće utvrditi je li riječ o humanome materijalu te odrediti doživljenu starost u relacijama dijete – odrasla osoba. Rezultati analize potvrđuju važnost mikroskopske metode u ispitivanju doživljene starosti humanih i taksonomske pripadnosti životinjskih spaljenih ostataka.The permeation of the macroscopic and histological method of analysis of burned bones from an archaeological context provides an opportunity to understand better the taphonomic processes which change osteological material during the burning process and after laying it in the ground. They also allow a better understanding of funeral customs. The burned remains of humans and animals from 21 graves of a Roman-age necropolis from Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) were analyzed. Only in two graves, the burned remains were preserved in urns, while the rest were laid in the ground, in a grave pit. The preservation level of bone and dental remains of human and animal origin is very low, these are fragments whose length was up to 10 mm, and the weight of the samples rarely exceeded 30 g per person. The histological method of analysis enabled a more precise separation of human from animal bone fragments and the determination of age at death in the range of 5 or 10 years. For poorly preserved samples, it was possible to determine whether it was human material and to determine the age at death in the child-adult relationship. The analysis results confirm the importance of the microscopic method in examining the age of human and taxonomic affiliation of animal burned remains
On the “Hellenistic” burial find from Čiovo near Trogir
Get PDFU radu se objavljuje slučajni nalaz iz „helenističkog/ih groba/ova” na otoku Čiovu kod Trogira, kao rijedak dokument pogrebnih praksi Tragurina i korištenja izvangradskog zemljišta u 2./1. st. pr. Kr.The paper presents a random find from “Hellenistic grave/s” on the island of Čiovo near Trogir, as a rare document of the funeral practices of Tragurians, and Čiovo land use in 2nd/1st century BC
New glass finds from the cargo of the ship Gagliana grossa, sunk near the islet of Gnalić in 1583
No full textMletački trgovački brod natovaren raznovrsnim teretom potonuo je kod otočića Gnalića krajem listopada ili početkom studenoga 1583. Brodski se teret sastojao od sirovina, poluproizvoda i gotovih proizvoda namijenjenih carigradskome tržištu i sultanovome dvoru, što je višestruko potvrđeno arheološkim i povijesnim istraživanjima. Među gotovim proizvodima posebno se ističe velika količina staklenih predmeta podijeljenih u dvije glavne skupine: šuplje i ravno staklo. Prva skupina obuhvaća raznolike oblike stolnoga posuđa, spremnika za hranu i piće i staklenih perli, dok se u drugoj nalaze prozorska stakla i stakla za ogledala. Nakon službenoga otkrića nalazišta 1967. godine, organizirano je pet zaštitnih istraživačkih kampanja s ciljem pravovremenoga spašavanja najvrjednijih nalaza. Nakon 1973. aktivnosti zaštitne prirode kratkotrajno su obnovljene 1996., a sustavno istraživanje, primjereno značenju i stanju nalazišta, započelo je tek 2012. godine. Prve sistematizacije staklene građe izradili su Sofija Petricioli i Astone Gasparetto. U okviru međunarodnoga projekta The Heritage of the Serenissima 2004. godine Irena Lazar, Hugh Willmott i Caroline Jackson sustavno su obradili staklene nalaze. Tijekom istraživanja 2012. – 2020., usmjerenih poglavito na otkrivanje i dokumentiranje brodske konstrukcije, izvađene su tisuće ulomaka staklenih predmeta. Iako je u većini slučajeva riječ o primjercima stolnoga posuđa i ravnoga stakla, koji se u potpunosti uklapaju u do sada predloženu tipologiju staklenih nalaza iz brodskoga tereta, u nekim slučajevima primjećuju se i određene razlike. U radu su predstavljeni novi nalazi koji dopunjuju dosadašnje spoznaje ili ukazuju na mogućnost različite interpretacije ranijih nalaza.A Venetian merchant ship loaded with various cargo sank off the islet of Gnalić in late October or early November 1583. As confirmed by archaeological and historical research, the ship’s cargo consisted of raw materials, semi-finished and finished products, intended for the Constantinople market and the sultan’s court. Among the finished products, a large amount of glass objects stands out. It is divided into two main groups: hollow and flat glass. The first group includes various forms of tableware, food and beverage containers and glass beads, while the second group includes window panes and mirror glasses. After the official discovery of the site in 1967, five rescue research campaigns were organized with the aim of salvaging the most valuable finds. After 1973, rescue research was briefly renewed in 1996. The systematic research, appropriate to the significance and condition of the site, begun just in 2012. The first systematization of glass was made by Sofia Petricioli and Astone Gasparetto. In 2004, Irena Lazar, Hugh Willmott and Caroline Jackson systematically processed the glass finds, in the framework of the international project The Heritage of the Serenissima. During the 2012–2020 research, focused mainly on the detection and documentation of ship hull, thousands of fragments of glass objects were recovered. Although in most cases these are examples of tableware and flat glass, which completely fit into the hitherto proposed typology of glass finds from the ship’s cargo, in some cases certain differences were noticed. This paper presents new finds that supplement previous knowledge or indicate the possibility of different interpretation of previous finds
Archaeological excavation of a segment of Možđenec – Sudovec road at the site of Zvjerinjak
Get PDFU sklopu aktivnosti projekta LRR Instituta za arheologiju, provedena su manja sondažna arheološka iskopavanja na dosad neistraženom segmentu kamene ceste na lokalitetu Zverinjak, poznatom iz literature kao rimska cesta, koja se nalazi između sela Možđenec i Sudovec, prirodnom prijevoju na zapadnoj strani brda Kalnik, te je tom prigodom otkriven dobro sačuvan segment kamenog popločanja ceste.As part of the activities of the LRR project of the Institute of Archaeology, small archeological excavations were carried out on the so-far unexplored segment of a stone road at the site of Zverinjak, known from the literature as a Roman road, located between the villages of Možđenec and Sudovec, a natural pass on the western side of Kalnik mountain. A well-preserved segment of the stone paving of the road was discovered
Late Medieval Manor House near Orahovica – Introduction into the Understanding of a Late Medieval Manor House in Continental Croatia
No full textU radu su predstavljeni rezultati analize dijela pokretnih nalaza prikupljenih arheološkim istraživanjima kurije kraj Orahovice 2017. i 2019. godine. Također, donose se rezultati proučavanja kurije u odnosu na slične rezidencije na području srednjovjekovnoga Ugarskog Kraljevstva. Srednjovjekovna kurija kraj Orahovice nalazi se u podnožju Ružice grada, jedne od najvećih utvrda u Hrvatskoj. Orahovičkim posjedom vladali su brojni istaknuti pojedinci među kojima se ističe Nikola Iločki kao jedan od najvećih magnata kasnosrednjovjekovnoga Ugarskog Kraljevstva. Iznimno malo izvora spominje kuriju te pri tome ne donose dodatne informacije o njoj. Arheološka istraživanja započela su 2017. godine te su nastavljena 2019. i 2020. godine. Od pokretnih nalaza pronađeni su uglavnom karakteristični kasnosrednjovjekovni i ranonovovjekovni keramički nalazi. Značajan je nalaz novca Žigmunda Luksemburškog kovan između 1430. i 1437. godine. Za sada su prepoznate tri faze dogradnji zidova na glavnu troprostornu zgradu kurije. Istraživanjima 2020. godine otkrivene su strukture u blizini kurije koje ukazuju na postojanje većega kompleksa. Na području kontinentalne Hrvatske do sada nisu prepoznate i istražene slične kasnosrednjovjekovne kurije. Proučavanjem kuriji kraj Orahovice sličnih rezidencija na području kasnosrednjovjekovnoga Ugarskog Kraljevstva uočena je skupina rezidencijalno-gospodarskih kompleksa koja bi mogla igrati važnu ulogu u razumijevanju i interpretaciji rezultata daljnjih arheoloških istraživanja na ovome lokalitetu.This paper presents the results of the analysis of a portion of movable finds gathered during the archaeological research of the manor house near Orahovica in 2017 and 2019. Likewise, this paper brings results of the study of the manor house compared to similar residences in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. The medieval manor house near Orahovica is situated at the foot of the Ružica grad, one of the biggest castles in Croatia. The estate was ruled by numerous prominent individuals, among others, Nicholas of Ilok, who was one of its most notable owners and one of the biggest magnates of the late medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Very few sources mention the manor house, and the ones that do, do not offer any additional information about it. Archaeological excavations began in 2017 and continued in 2019 and 2020. Movable finds discovered mostly include typical late medieval and early modern ceramic finds. Sigismund of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Emperor’s coin minted between 1430 and 1437 is a significant find. Thus far, there are three recognized phases of additions to the main three-room building. The excavations conducted in 2020 revealed structures in the vicinity of the manor house, which point to the existence of a larger complex. In continental Croatia, there are no similar late medieval manor houses known and excavated so far. Research of manor houses in the area of the late medieval Kingdom of Hungary similar to the one near Orahovica enabled the detection of a group of residential and economic complexes which could play an important role in understanding and interpreting the results of further archaeological research of this site
Casting jets (Gusszäpfen) and the importance of the Brodski Varoš hoard (Slavonski Brod)
Get PDFU radu se donose rezultati analize nekoliko predmeta iz ostave Brodski Varoš (Slavonski Brod) koji ukazuju na prisustvo ljevačke djelatnosti na tom lokalitetu. U ostavi su pronađene uljevne kape (njem. Gusszapfen) koje su dokaz da se lijevalo u dvodijelnim kalupima. U ostavi se nalaze i dva čekića s tuljcem koja također mogu imati te implikacije. Ostava Brodski Varoš analizira se u kontekstu drugih ostava u Posavini iz vremena starije kulture polja sa žarama te se ističe značaj tog prostora na jugu Panonije za metalnu proizvodnju lokalne grupe Barice-Gređani.The paper presents the results of the analysis of several items from the Brodski Varoš hoard (Slavonski Brod) which indicate the existence of bronze-casting activity at this site. The hoard consists of four examples of so-called casting jets as evidence of casting in bipartite moulds. Also, the finds of two socketed hammers imply the same thing. The Brodski Varoš hoard is analysed in the context of other hoards in the Sava valley from the earlier Urnfield culture, emphasizing the importance of that area in southern Panonnia for the metal production of the local Barice-Gređani group
Mitra u Teutoburgiju
No full textA roman altar with an inscription dedicated to Mithras was found in the area of Teutoburgium 42 years ago. Although it is part of Vukovar City Museum’s permanent display (inv. no AZ-550), until now it had never been published in the scholarly literature. In this paper the inscription will be reconstructed, analysed and interpreted for the first time. Additionally, the other, published Mithraic altar from Teutoburgium (CIMRM II, 1635) will be reconsidered. It will be concluded that both of them belonged to the same time period and that they ornated one or two unlocated temples.Rimski žrtvenik posvećen Mitri nađen je na području Teutoburgija prije četrdeset dvije godine. Iako je dio stalnoga postava Gradskoga Muzeja Vukovar (inv. br. AZ-550), dosad nije objavljen u znanstvenoj literaturi. U radu se prvi puta rekonstruira, analizira i interpretira natpis na spomeniku. Osim toga, iznova se razmatra i drugi, već objavljeni žrtvenik posvećen Mitri iz Teutoburgija (CIMRM II, 1635). Zaključak je da pripadaju istome razdoblju i da su ukrašavali jedno ili više zasad nelociranih svetišta
Tiles and Amphorae in the Roman Province of Dalmatia: Evidence of Stamps
Get PDFIn this paper issues related to tiles and amphorae production in Roman Dalmatia are discussed on the bases of a new overview of workshops and stamps. The tackled themes include typology of workshops discovered so far, their statuses and markets, as well as stamps found in such sites, their owners and their backgrounds, as well as their estates. This data is further interpreted from a chronological standpoint
Traces of textile production on the Sveta Trojica hillfort
Get PDFArheološka istraživanja na Gradini Svete Trojice u podnožju Velebita otkrila su bogate nalaze iz druge polovice posljednjeg tisućljeća pr. Kr. Nalazi uvozne stolne keramike, amfora te razni utilitarni oblici keramike grublje fakture predstavljaju osnovne kategorije keramičkih nalaza. Zajedno s metalnim predmetima poput novca ili fibula, svjedoče o trgovačkim i kulturološkim vezama s drugim dijelovima Jadrana. U okviru keramičke produkcije javljaju se, iako u mnogo manjem broju, i posebni oblici koji ne pripadaju kategoriji posuđa za pripremu i/ili konzumaciju hrane i pića. Ovom prilikom istaknut će se nalazi keramičkog pribora za izradu tekstila – utezi, kalemi i pršljeni pronađeni tijekom probnih iskopavanja.Archaeological excavations at the hillfort site of Gradina Svete Trojice, situated on the slopes of Velebit mountain, revealed abundant finds from the second half of the last millenium BC. Imported tableware, amphorae and various utilitarian shapes of coarse pottery are the basic categories of ceramic finds that testify, alongside metal objects such as coins or fibulae, to the trade and cultural connections with other parts of the Adriatic. Within the ceramic production, less frequently appear special shapes that do not belong to the mentioned categories of vessels for the preparation and consumption of food and beverages. On this occasion clay tools for textile production will be examined – i.e. the loom weights, spools and spindle whorls found during the trial excavations
The Harpocrates pendant from the Roman pottery workshop in Crikvenica (Ad Turres, northern Liburnia)
Get PDFU istraživačkoj kampanji 2015. godine unutar sklopa rimske keramičarske radionice u središtu današnje Crikvenice, na području natkrivenih prostorija s podnicama, pronađen je privjesak s figuralnim prikazom ljudskoga lika. Analizom ikonografije ustanovljeno je kako je po svoj prilici riječ o prikazu heleniziranoga egipatskoga božanstva Horusa, odnosno grčko-rimskoga Harpokrata, koji zajedno s ostatkom Izidine gens tvori tzv. Aleksandrijsku obitelj ili trijadu/tetradu. Privjesak, izrađen od fajanse, smješta se u kontekst rijetkih sličnih predmeta pronađenih na istočnome Jadranu te u širi kontekst širenja Izidinoga kulta i uz njega asociranih vjerovanja na širem jadranskom prostoru, ali kao predmet osobne religioznosti odnosno vjerovanja, s mogućim apotropejskim, individualiziranim značenjem amuleta.A pendant representing a human figure was found during the 2015 excavation campaign within the Roman pottery workshop in the town centre of today’s Crikvenica (northeast Adriatic), in the area pertaining to the remains of roofed rooms with pavements. The iconographic analysis ascertained that, with all probability, it represents the Hellenised Egyptian deity Horus, that is, the Greco-Roman Harpocrates; along with the rest of the gens of Isis, he belongs to the “Alexandrine family” or triad/tetrad. The pendant, made of faience, can be placed alongside similar objects uncovered in the eastern Adriatic, within the wider context of spread of the cult of Isis and with it associated beliefs in the Adriatic area, but it can also be regarded in the light of personal religiousness or belief, possibly with the apotropaic, individualised significance of an amulet