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Ancient Egyptian paddle doll from the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb
Get PDFU radu je po prvi puta detaljnije obrađena staroegipatska lopatičasta lutka iz fundusa Arheološkoga muzeja u Zagrebu. Lopatičaste lutke specifičan su tip grobnih priloga koji se mogu datirati u razdoblje između kraja Staroga i Srednjega kraljevstva, a najveći broj ih dijeli zajedničke oblikovne, dekorativne i ikonografske karakteristike. Važnost zagrebačke lutke leži upravo u tome što ona pojedinim karakteristikama odstupa od većega dijela komparativnih primjera te u činjenici da je to jedini predmet toga tipa čuvan u muzejskim i galerijskim institucijama Republike Hrvatske, ali i šire. Glavni je cilj rada, stoga, pravilno ju tipološki odrediti, opisati, svrstati u pravilan geografski i vremenski kontekst te ukratko naglasiti njezinu važnost za bolje razumijevanje zbirke unutar koje se nalazi. Preciznije, lutka iz Arheološkoga muzeja u Zagrebu promatrana je u okvirima širega korpusa staroegipatskih lopatičastih lutaka, čije su osnovne karakteristike i povijest istraživanja posebno istaknute u središnjem dijelu rada te cjelokupne zbirke staroegipatskih starina u kojoj je čuvana.This paper presents the first detailed examination of the paddle doll from the collection of the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb. Paddle dolls are a group of specific grave goods primarily dating from a period between the end of the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom, most of which share common morphological, decorative and iconographic characteristics. The Zagreb paddle doll is particularly important because some of its aspects differ from most other examples and because it is the only object of this type kept in the museums and galleries in Croatia and beyond. Therefore, the main goal of the paper is to provide a typological classification of the doll, describe it, place it in the appropriate geographical and temporal context, and briefly emphasize its importance for a better understanding of the collection it belongs to. More precisely, the paper studies the doll within the wider corpus of ancient Egyptian paddle dolls, describing its basic characteristics and history of research in the middle part, but also within the collection of ancient Egyptian antiquities in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb
Food and agriculture in Slavonia, Croatia, during the Late Middle Ages: the archaeobotanical evidence
Get PDFThis paper presents the results from archaeobotanical remains collected from ten medieval settlements and fort sites in the region of present-day Slavonia, Croatia. From the 12th century ad, Slavonia was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, although the region benefited from a certain amount of autonomy. Examining the archaeobotanical data from this period shows a diverse agricultural system, where crop fields, gardens, orchards, pastures and woodlands were all used to produce a range of cereals, fruits, nuts, vegetables and herbs, as well as fibre plants. The dataset is dominated by cereal remains, especially Triticum aestivum/durum (free-threshing wheat), Panicum miliaceum (broomcorn millet) and Secale cereale (rye). Vitis vinifera (grape pips) were the most common fruit recovered, which corresponds with the presence of vineyards and international trade in wine noted in the literature by the late Middle Ages. Also of significance was the recovery of Cannabis sativa (hemp) and Linum usitatissimum (flax), which suggest local cultivation, possibly for linen and hemp fibres, for oil or for medicinal purposes
Similarities and differences between 7th and 8th- century pottery as shown by archaeological sites in the vicinity of Hlebine
Get PDFDuring 2017 and 2018, as a part of the project TransFER - Iron production along the Drava River in the Roman period and the Middle Ages: Creation and transfer of knowledge, technologies and goods (IP-06-2016- 5047), funded by the Croatian Science Foundation, two archaeological sites in the vicinity of the village Hlebine were excavated. The aim of the research was to explore the bog iron ore smelting workshop at the site of Velike Hlebine and to define features and function of presumed furnaces on the position of Dedanovice, whose existence was acknowledged by the conducted geophysical research. During the course of the excavation, both positions (which are about 600 meters apart), besides the remains connected to smelting activities, brought to light the remains of archaeological structures which can be connected with the remains of settlements. Numerous chipped pottery pieces of various characteristic, belonging mainly to kitchen pots, were discovered within the fillings of the excavated archaeological objects. By comparing their shapes, fabrication, facture, colour, decoration, and other details, it is concluded that, even though the mentioned economic activity took place on both positions at the same time, the ceramic material is significantly different, which suggests it was made in different periods. Comparative ceramic material found within the same region points to a fact that one of the settlements (Dedanovice) was occupied during the first half or the middle of the 7th century, while the other one (Velike Hlebine) operated during the (middle of) 8th century, which was also confirmed by radiocarbon dating
Boat-shaped fibulae of Middle La Tene scheme from the Iapodian territory
No full textIn the last centuries before Christ, in the territory of the Iapodes there appeared fibulae with a characteristic hollow boat-shaped bow and a decorative plate or knob on the backward-bent foot. In the grave units of the cemeteries of the Una valley and Lika, such fibulae have been found alongside items dated to the period between the end of the 2nd c. and the last decades of the 1st c. BC, which coincides with the period in which both variants of fibulae with boat-shaped bow were used. Similar fibulae with a massive, full boat- shaped bow and decorative plate were slightly older, as they appeared in the second half of the 2nd and the early 1st c. BC. Other associated finds, such as a ceramic rhyton, an amphora and imported fibulae, demonstrate that Iapodian communities were open towards the neighbouring regions, while at the same time preserving their tradition, reflected in the limited distribution of this type of fibula, a characteristic element of Iapodian attire in the last century preceding the Roman conquest. The occurrence of the same type in the Kupa valley, especially in Sisak, testifies to the mutual contacts with the communities situated on the edges of southern Pannonia
The rhomboid breverl from Novska
Get PDFTijekom arheoloških istraživanja koja su provedena oko crkve sv. Luke Evanđeliste u Novskoj te u njenoj unutrašnjosti definirana su dva horizota ukopavanja, dominantni kasnosrednjovjekovni horizont te novovjekovni, postosmanlijski horizont koji je definiran isključivo u crkvenoj unutrašnjosti. Samo šest grobova se sa sigurnošću može datirati u novovjekovni horizont ukopavanja, a od malobrojnih nalaza posebno se ističe veći romboidni brevar pronađen među dislociranim rebrima u zapuni groba 66. Izrađen je od bakrene legure, a ukrašen je Kristovim monogramom na licu i Marijinim monogramom na naličju. Unutar brevara slabo su sačuvani ostaci papira te drveni križ koji je možda služio čuvanju relikvija.The archaeological excavations carried out outside and inside the Church of St. Luke the Evangelist in Novska defined two burial horizons: a dominant late medieval horizon and an Early Modern, post-Ottoman horizon, which is defined only in the church interior. Only six graves can be reliably dated to the Early Modern burial horizon; standing out among the few finds there is a large rhomboid breverl found among dislocated ribs in the filling of grave 66. It is made of a copper alloy and decorated with the monogram of Christ on the front and the monogram of Mary on the back. Inside the breverl there are poorly preserved remains of paper and a wooden cross, which may have served to hold relics
From monitoring the seas to exploiting the land. The long road from Rome to the Dalmatian coasts (4th c. BC - 3rd c. AD)
No full textL’article se propose de conjuguer deux approches et deux échelles de réflexion. La première, historique et menée à l’échelle d’un vaste espace italo-adriatique, s’efforce de réévaluer la chronologie des rapports entre Rome et la Dalmatie à partir de la deuxième moitié du IVe siècle et le contexte politique qui les voit naître. Se révèlent ainsi l’intérêt politique précoce de Rome pour la côte orientale de l’Adriatique, ainsi que les diverses formes de la présence de Romains et d'Italiens dans ces régions. La seconde, archéologique et centrée sur l’île de Brač, analyse à travers l’exemple d’une villa oléicole et viticole la chronologie et les modalités de l’exploitation des territoires conquis par Rome, révélant ainsi la possible fragilité des premières traces de la présence romaine. L’enquête invite à repenser la succession chronologique trop rigide entre la conquête militaire des territoires et leur organisation politico-administrative d’un côté et, de l’autre, l’apparition d’activités économiques multiformes développées par des individus venus de Rome et d’Italie
Floods and soil erosion on the example of the late medieval settlement Buzadovec–Vojvodice (Northwestern Croatia)
Get PDFThe paper presents archaeological indicators that testify to the influence of environmental factors on the formation (favourable climate, proximity to water and forests) and reorganization of settlements (due to floods - alluvial deposits), as well as, deposition of colluvial sediments that covered the already abandoned settlement. In it we tried to connect the facts recognized by archaeological research with the findings of interdisciplinary paleoclimatic research and with the research on climate and weather, based on direct and indirect data from written historical sources from the wider Carpathian Basin. The late medieval archaeologically researched settlement at the position of Buzadovec – Vojvodice (NW Croatia) is presented. The settlement was formed at the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th century in a lowland landscape, not far from the river course. Frequent floods or a major flood in the late 13th or early 14th century caused the position of the older settlement to be abandoned and moved to the slightly elevated terrain. The settlement was continuously inhabited until about the middle of the 15th century. The reason for the cessation of the settlement's existence has not been determined, but an interesting phenomenon of soil erosion of the neighbouring hill has been recognized, which caused the cultural layers of the abandoned late medieval settlement to be covered with meter-thick deposits of sterile clay
Studia honoraria archaeologica. Special volume on the occasion of the 65th birthday of prof. dr. Mirjana Sanader, Tončinić D., Kaić I., Matijević V., Vukov M. (eds.), FFpress – Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Archaeological Institute of the Department of Archaeology, Zagreb 2020.
No full textThe results of the trial archaeological excavations in the Lovas Municipality in 2011 and 2017
No full textOpćina Lovas, smještena u Srijemu, arheološki je izuzetno bogato područje. Iako su prvi nalazi na području Općine zabilježeni još na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće, Lovas je u centar arheološke javnosti dospio tek 1939. godine kada je na području sela izorana iznimno vrijedna srednjobrončanodobna ostava zlatnih i brončanih nalaza. Donedavno, na području Općine Lovas nisu provođena arheološka istraživanja većeg obujma, ali svakako treba izdvojiti terenske preglede u blizini sela Lovas koji su provođeni 1970. i 1972. godine. Spoznaje o arheološkoj građi s područja Općine Lovas značajno su proširene u zadnjih 15ak godina kroz sustavne terenske preglede te probna sondažna istraživanja koja su odvojeno provodili Institut za arheologiju u Zagrebu, Gradski muzej Vukovar i Arheološki muzej u Zagrebu. Potonja je institucija 2017. godine započela s provođenjem višegodišnjeg projekta na području Općine Lovas koji uključuje geofizička istraživanja, sustavni terenski pregled te probna sondažna istraživanja. Sama istraživanja nastavak su inicijalne istraživačke sezone iz 2011. godine. Ovaj rad predstavlja rezultate probnih sondažnih istraživanja iz 2011. i 2017. godine na položajima Kalvarija, Orlinac i Staro groblje, koji su zaštićeni kao kulturna dobra.The territory of the Lovas Municipality, located in Western Syrmia, has been known in archaeological circles since the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, but became the focal point of the archaeological public only in 1939, when the valuable Middle Bronze Age hoard of gold and bronze finds was discovered near the village Lovas. Until recently, there was no large-scale archaeological research, other than the 1970 and 1972 field surveys. Knowledge of archaeological material from the area of the Municipality of Lovas has significantly expanded in the last 15 years through systematic field surveys and test excavations conducted separately by the Institute of Archeology in Zagreb, Vukovar City Museum and the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb. In 2017, the latter institution started a perennial project in the area of the Municipality of Lovas, which includes a systematic field survey, geophysical research and test trench excavations. The research itself is a continuation of the initial research season from 2011. This paper presents the results of the excavations conducted in 2011 and 2017 at the positions Kalvarija, Staro Groblje and Orlinac, all of which are protected cultural heritage
Archaeozoological evidence of dietary habits of small castle inhabitants in the medieval Slavonia
Get PDFThe paper presents knowledge about the meat alimentation of the inhabitants of medieval fortifications in the area of the Kingdom of Slavonia (regnum Sclavoniae). Analyzed samples of animal bones originate from the archaeological sites Veliki Zdenci–Crni Lug, Grubišno Polje–Šuma Obrovi 1, Sveta Ana–Gradina and Osijek Vojakovački–Mihalj. All of them belong to so called high-status sites, inhabited by the social elite of the medieval Slavonia. When analysing the bone remains, the stratigraphy, the absolute radiocarbon dating of certain contexts and the typological characteristics of the other finds from the archaeological contexts were taken into consideration for each site. Thus, three horizons of habitation have been recognized. The earliest (13th to 14th century) is present at Veliki Zdenci–Gradina, Osijek Vojakovački–Mihalj and Sveta Ana–Gradina sites, the next horizon (end of the 14th–15th c.) has been recognized at the sites Veliki Zdenci and Mihalj and the youngest horizon (end of the 15th–beginning of the 16th c.) is represented by the Veliki Zdenci and Grubišno Polje–Šuma Obrovi 1 sites. For each archaeological site (per context and horizons) the number of identified specimens’ for each animal species was determined and in later analyses the sites are compared by the results of the number of identified specimens’ percentage (%NISP). Inter-site comparison of dietary habits and use of animals in other purposes beside the meet for food in different periods, namely in specific horizons of individual studied sites on the bone remains of cattle, pig, small ruminants and chicken could be made for only two horizons – the earliest and the latest. In the first horizon Sveta Ana greatly differs from other sites, showing through faunal finds clear characteristics of a site of high- status inhabitants. Mihalj, on the other side, shows more indications of a non-elite site. Similarly Veliki Zdenci in the first horizon does not show faunal indicators of elite site, which is clearly changed in the second horizon when some clear indications of elite consumption can be recognized. In the third horizon the decline of prosperity of life in Zdenci is evident, while at Grubišno Polje the elite consumption habits can be recognized in several aspects. The summarized results of archaeozoological analysis of the studied four castles are also compared to the results of the archaeozoological analyses of 7 archaeologically investigated and published high status sites and, in addition, the results of 5 published non-elite sites, e.g. rural settlements were also taken into consideration in order to gain insight into meat dietary on different sites of the wider medieval Slavonian territory. Comparing the number of identified specimens of wild animals from Slavonian sites the clear differences between rural (1.57% wild NISP) and high status (5.25% wild NISP) settlements type as it was established for Hungarian sites have not been recognized. Slavonian castles fit better to the picture of wider European area where the percentage of game at castles oscillates between 2 to 5% with maximum 11%