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Characterizing the dry stone walled landscape of Mačjak Hill near Prtljug (Island of Ugljan)
Full text linkTijekom 2022. godine provedeni su terenski pregled i zaštitna arheološka istraživanja na brdu Mačjak iznad uvale Prtljug na sjeverozapadnoj strani otoka Ugljana. Istraživanja su ponudila uvid u zapis povijesnog krajolika koji se sastoji od različitih suhozidnih struktura koje su detaljno dokumentirane, opisane i kategorizirane u zidove, zaklone, torove i strukture nepoznate namjene. Temeljem arheoloških, povijesnih i kartografskih podataka prati se proces formiranja povijesnog krajolika koji je dominantno oblikovan stočarskom upotrebom zemljišta. Kroz primjer rezultata istraživanja iznosi se osvrt na arheološke značajke stočarskih nalazišta u jadranskom krškom reljefu.During 2022, a field survey and rescue archaeological excavations of dry-stone wall structures were conducted on Mačjak Hill above Prtljug cove on the western side of the island of Ugljan. The research provided insight into the historical landscape, revealing various types of drystone structures categorized as walls, shelters, folds, and structures of unknown purpose. Based on a comparative analysis of historical, topographical, and cartographic data, the paper analyses the formation of the historic landscape, which is dominantly impacted by livestock land use. Through the example of the research results, the paper also highlights the archaeological features of pastoral open-air sites in the Adriatic karst environment
Between religion and medicine: understanding large oval breverls from Croatian burial contexts
No full textThis paper discusses three large, almost identical oval breverls from the eighteenth century burial contexts in present-day Republic of Croatia. Two of them were discovered during archaeological excavations in Žuberak and Prozorje, while the third one from Ližnjan had not been defined as breverl until now. Breverls are the rarest and most enigmatic devotional objects but the three analysed in this paper have a common link other than their appearance. They all contained religious medals from pilgrim sites and papers with the prayer against all evils and demonic attacks on one side and the blessings of saints, the prayer for the identification of those tortured by evil spirits, and the Prologue to John’s Gospel on the other. This article compares the papers discovered in them, studies the motifs from the mentioned breverls and analyses other finds from them to provide answers to the questions of their place of production, the identity of the people who wore them and why. Tentative correlation of different bioarchaeological factors, such as age, sex, and health condition of the deceased can give us much information on who breverl bearers were. Apparently, they were the vulnerable members of society, such as pregnant women, people suffering from poor health, or, as prayers from the breverls suggest, individuals believed to be tortured by demons or evil spirits. Taking that into account, breverls were devotional objects believed to provide universal protection, a sort of medicine case for both physical and spiritual problems
Prehrana kasnosrednjovjekovnih elita na primjeru troškovnika zagrebačkog biskupa Osvalda Thuza iz 1481. i 1482. godine
Full text linkGlavni cilj rada je analiza prehrane kasnosrednjovjekovnih elita temeljem troškovnika zagrebačkog biskupa Osvalda Thuza iz 1481. i 1482. godine. Među zapisima o isplati novca obrtnicima, vojnicima i ostalim podložnicima, popisane su i svote utrošene na nabavku, primjerice, materijala potrebnog za izgradnju katedrale, tkanine, svijeća, prehrane i ostalih potrepština. Preko 10% ukupnog iznosa navedenog u biskupovim troškovnicima potrošeno je na nabavku hrane, soli, začina, vina, ali i na plaće kuharima, pekarima i jelonoši. Najviše novca utrošeno je na nabavku ribe, koju biskup učestalo konzumira, a posebno se ističe nabavka skupe jesetre povodom posjete varadinskog biskupa Jana Filipca
Between China, the Islamic world, and Europe: coffee cups from Osijek
No full textU radu se donosi materijal koji pripada dvjema različitim epizodama iz osječke povijesti. Stariji nalazi kineskog porculana i kvarcne keramike iz islamskog svijeta s nekoliko pozicija u Tvrđi su iz 17. – 18. stoljeća, kada su šalice, korištene za kavu i čaj, ušle u upotrebu i stizale iz raznih istočnih radionica. S druge strane, kasniji nalazi europskog porculana i kamenine iz Donjeg grada su uglavnom s početka 19. stoljeća, kada je proizvodnja porculana bila razvijena širom Europe kao i konzumacija kave odnosno čaja. Šalice i tanjurići su u plavo-bijelom stilu, pod kojim se podrazumijeva bijela pozadina, u našem slučaju tijelo posude, na kojoj se plavom bojom slikala dekoracija prije nanošenja prozirne glazure. Iako dubljih korijena, stil je populariziran širenjem južnokineskog porculana iz Jingdezhena, koji je utjecao na brojne proizvodnje diljem svijeta.The paper discusses material belonging to two different moments from the history of Osijek. Older finds of Chinese porcelain and Islamic stonepaste from several sites in Tvrđa are from the 17th and 18th centuries, when coffee and tea cups from various eastern workshops were introduced. On the other hand, later finds of European porcelain and creamware from the Downtown are mostly from the early 19th century, when porcelain production and the consumption of coffee and tea were widespread all over Europe. The cups and saucers are in the blue-and-white style, which means that underglaze blue decoration is painted on their white body. This style has deeper roots, but it gained popularity due to the spread of southern Chinese porcelain from Jingdezhen, which had a significant impact on production all over the world
(Peri)urban gardening in Salona? On the discovery of ollae perforatae in Salonitan urbs orientalis in the context of gardening on the eastern Adriatic in the Roman period
No full textU radu se raspravlja o šupljim posudama pronađenima tijekom zaštitnih istraživanja na trasi plinovoda u Solinu, a koja je zahvatila istočni dio antičke Salone (urbs orientalis). Posude se karakteriziraju tipološki i funkcionalno te se na temelju analogija identificira njihovo korištenje u hortikulturi ili voćarstvu, odnosno interpretira ih se kao ollae perforatae funkcionalne u presađivanju i transportu biljaka. Uzimajući u obzir topografiju područja nalaza unutar (pri)gradskoga rastera Salone, na temelju ovih posuda raspravlja se o mogućim asocijacijama pretpostavljenoga hortikulturnoga prostora s ranijim arhitektonskim nalazima. S obzirom na unikatnost takvih posuda u salonitonskome, ali i širem istočnojadranskom keramičkom korpusu, te uzimajući u obzir srodne i pretpostavljene indikatore antičke hortikulture, one se smještaju u širu raspravu o vrtlarstvu u rimskome razdoblje na tomu području te o društvenim praksama i širim implikacijama koje prate uspostavu i korištenje rimskih vrtova te njihovo ideološko i identitetsko značenje kao kulturnih krajolika.The paper discusses several perforated vessels found during rescue excavations on the route of the gas pipeline in Solin, laid within the eastern part of ancient Salona (urbs orientalis). The vessels are typologically and functionally characterized and their use in horticulture or pomiculture is identified based on analogies, i.e. they are interpreted as ollae perforatae functional in transplanting and transporting plants. Taking into account the topography of the area where they were found within the (sub)urban grid of Salona, the assumed horticultural space as identified on the bases of these vessels is discussed in association with earlier architectural finds. Due to the uniqueness of such vessels in the Salonitan and wider East Adriatic pottery corpus, and considering the related and assumed indicators of ancient horticulture, these objects are placed in a wider discussion on gardening in the Roman period in that area, including the social practices and wider implications that follow the establishment and use of Roman gardens, and their ideological and identity significance as cultural landscapes
Field research at the site of Abri Kontija 002 in the seasons of 2022 and 2023
No full textRad donosi rezultate arheoloških istraživanja nalazišta Abri Kontija 002 u sezoni 2022. i 2023. Istraživanja su provedena u sklopu projekta „Prapovijesni lovci i sakupljači u Istri i obližnjim regijama: obrasci života tijekom kasnog pleistocena“ (PREHISTRIA). Tijekom istraživanja pronađen je brojan arheološki materijal iz vremena kasnog pleistocena, uzeti su uzorci za provođenje različitih vrsta analiza (radiometrijsko datiranje, sediment za aDNA analize, geoarheološki uzorci), provedena su geofizikalna mjerenja i dr. Preliminarni rezultati ukazuju na visok intenzitet i određen kontinuitet u korištenju nalazišta tijekom nekoliko tisuća godina. Velika zastupljenost određenih životinjskih vrsta na čijim kostima su uočeni tragovi antropogenih modifikacija (tragovi mesarenja, fragmentiranost te tragovi vatre) ukazuje na mogućnost selekcije, odnosno usmjerenosti na određene vrste (poput konja). Brojnost litičkih nalaza, koji uključuju sve dijelove lanca operacija, upućuju na proizvodnju kamenog oruđa in situ, a nalazi gotovog oruđa i na njihovo odbacivanje na samom nalazištu. Dosadašnji rezultati analiza, kao i radiokarbonski datumi, ukazuju na ljudsku aktivnost na ovom dijelu Jadrana u razdoblju srednjeg gornjeg paleolitika.The paper presents the results of archaeological research at the site of Abri Kontija 002 during the seasons of 2022 and 2023. The research was conducted as part of the project “Prehistoric hunter-gatherers in Istria and adjacent regions: Patterns of Late Pleistocene lifestyle and mobility” (PREHISTRIA). During the excavations, numerous archaeological materials from the Late Pleistocene were found, samples were taken for various kinds of analyses (radiometric dating, sediment for aDNA analyses, geoarchaeological samples), geophysical measurements were conducted, etc. Preliminary results indicate a high intensity and certain continuity in the use of the site over several thousand years. The large presence of certain animal species, with bones showing signs of anthropogenic modifications (butchering marks, fragmentation, traces of fire), suggests a selection or focus on certain species (such as horses). The abundance of lithic finds which include all parts of the operational chain, points to the production of stone tools in situ; the finds of finished tools indicate their disposal at the site itself. The results of the analyses so far, as well as radiocarbon dates, indicate human activity in this part of the Adriatic during the Middle Upper Palaeolithic
Copper in the prehistoric communities of northern Croatia with special emphasis on the Vučedol culture
No full textRazvojem metalurške tehnologije, rudarstva, stvaraju se proizvodni centri i distribucijske mreže kojima cirkulira velika količina metala. Istovremeno, na prostoru sjeverne Hrvatske nalazi bakrenih predmeta izuzetno su rijetki, a eneolitičke zajednice gotovo da ne poznaju metaluršku tehnologiju. Velika i nagla promjena nastupa u vrijeme kasnog eneolitika s nosiocima badenske i vučedolske kulture, kada se ovaj prostor intenzivno i aktivno uključuje u metaluršku proizvodnju. U ovom se radu, prema do sada istraženim arheološkim nalazima metalurških aktivnosti, analizira uloga eneolitičkih zajednica s prostora sjeverne Hrvatske, odnosno postavlja ih se u kronološki i tehnološki kontekst razvoja metalurgije jugoistočne Europe. Poseban naglasak stavlja se na vučedolsku kulturu kao glavnog nosioca metalurške tehnologije i ekonomskih i društvenih promjena koji stvara preduvjete i priprema ovaj prostor za ulazak u brončano doba.The area of southeastern Europe played a key role in the development of copper processing since the Late Neolithic. During that time, metallurgical technology and mining were being developed along with production centres and distribution networks circulating a large amount of metal. At the same time, finds of copper objects are extremely rare in northern Croatia, and its Early Eneolithic communities hardly knew metallurgical technology. A sudden change occurred with the arrival of the Baden and Vučedol cultures during the Late Eneolithic, when the area became intensively and actively involved in metallurgical production. This paper uses archaeological evidence to investigate the metallurgical role of Eneolithic communities in the area of northern Croatia and place them in the chronological and technological context of the development of metallurgy in southeastern Europe. Special emphasis is placed on the Vučedol culture, which became the main bearer of metallurgical technology and economic and social changes, thus creating the preconditions and preparing the area for the Bronze Age
Lumbarda – Sutivan, Crecchio-type pottery find
Full text linkMjesto Lumbarda na otoku Korčuli najpoznatije je arheološkim nalazom tzv. „Lumbarajske psefizme”, otkrivenom u cisterni na poluotoku Koludrtu. Iako ovaj važan nalaz često privlači pažnju, postoje i drugi značajni arheološki nalazi antičkog doba koji doprinose razumijevanju naseljavanja na ovom dijelu otoka Korčule. Šire područje oko današnjeg lumbarajskog groblja nosi naziv Sutivan, koji je izvedenica od Sveti Ivan. Riječ je o prostoru između mora i okolnih brežuljaka, s pogledom na jadransku obalu i obližnje otoke, smještenom na ulazu u Lumbardu i neposredno uz moderno groblje. Na zapadnom dijelu Sutivana, provedena su istraživanja 1999. godine te od 2007. do 2011. godine. Arheološki iznimno bogat predio omogućuje praćenje tragova života još od prapovijesnih vremena. Ovom prilikom predstavljamo pregled arheoloških rezultata te iako su keramički nalazi još uvijek u fazi obrade, želimo iskoristiti priliku da se posebno osvrnemo na vrč tipa Crecchio. Ovi rijetki primjerci imaju veliki značaj za razumijevanje trgovinskih i kulturnih veza u to vrijeme.The town of Lumbarda on the island of Korčula is renowned for the archaeological find of the so-called „Lumbarda Psephisma”, discovered in a cistern on the Koludrt peninsula. While this important find often draws attention, there are other significant archaeological remains from antiquity that contribute to understanding the settlement of this part of the island of Korčula. The broader area around today's Lumbarda cemetery is known as Sutivan, a name derived from Saint John. It is a location situated between the sea and the surrounding hills, offering views of the Adriatic coast and nearby islands, located at the entrance to Lumbarda and adjacent to the modern cemetery. In the western part of Sutivan, excavations were conducted in 1999 and again from 2007 to 2011. This exceptionally rich archaeological area allows for the tracing of life from prehistoric times. On this occasion, we present an overview of the archaeological findings, and although the ceramic artifacts are still being processed, we wish to take the opportunity to highlight the Crecchio type jug in particular. These rare specimens are of great significance for understanding trade and cultural connections of that period
Another medieval cemetery in Vinodol: first data from the Bribir – Štale excavations
Full text linkU radu se donose preliminarni podaci prikupljeni tijekom zaštitnih istraživanja srednjovjekovnoga groblja na lokalitetu Štale u Bribiru u Vinodolu. Istraživanjima je potvrđeno postojanje većega groblja, ranije pretpostavljenoga na temelju slučajnih nalaza iz grobova koji su uništeni 1949. godine prilikom građevinskih radova. Analiziraju se značajke položaja i samoga groblja, tipologija grobova i pokapanja te se sumarno donosi pregled nalaza, mahom nakita. Na temelju potonjega te dosada provedenih 14C analiza, groblje se datira u razdoblje 11. – 15. stoljeće. Nadalje, groblje na Štalama promatra se u kontekstu srednjovjekovnih groblja Vinodola i njemu susjednih prostora te prostora Dalmacije i Istre, čime se ističu specifičnosti ovoga groblja te potvrđuju značajke vinodolskih groblja općenito.This paper presents preliminary data collected during rescue excavations at the site of a medieval cemetery at Štale in Bribir (Vinodol Valley, northeastern Adriatic). The excavations confirmed the presence of a larger cemetery, previously suggested by chance finds from graves destroyed during construction work in 1949. The features of the site and cemetery are analysed, including grave and burial typologies, along with a short review of the finds, mainly jewellery. These findings, combined with available 14C dates, place the cemetery within the 11th to 15th centuries AD. Moreover, the cemetery at Štale is contextualized within other medieval cemeteries of the Vinodol region, its neighbouring areas, and Dalmatia and Istria, highlighting both the unique characteristics of this graveyard and the distinctive features of Vinodol's cemeteries in general