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Empowering Elementary and Middle Level Science Educators: Keeping Pace with Instructional Trends in Science Education for the 21st Century
Get PDFThis article emphasizes current pedagogical themes that are important for elementary and middle school science instruction. Discussion topics include the following: (1) Integration (2) Differentiating for Young Learners (3 ) Creating a Balanced Classroom: Person-Centered Instruction (Freiberg, 2002) (4) Inquiry-Based Instruction (5) Maximizing the “Aha” Moment of Learning (6) Cognitive Benefits from Classroom Discourse (7) Including Purposeful Content (8) Integrating Technology (9) Standards-Based Instruction (10) Working Cooperatively in the Science Classroom (11) Authentic Science and (12) Understanding the Methods of Science
Deposition and Diagenesis of the Blossom Sand, Panola County, Texas
Get PDFThe Late Cretaceous Blossom Sand within the Austin Group is a historic gas reservoir in the East Texas basin, located at depths of approximately 2,000 ft below the surface. Since the discovery of the Carthage Field in 1918 in the East Texas Basin, the Blossom Sand has produced approximately 26 BCF of gas with minor amounts of oil. Despite its notoriety in the Carthage Field, there is very little research that has been conducted on this unit, although it crops out in northeast Texas and is found in the subsurface of southwest Arkansas, western Louisiana, and the East Texas Basin. The origin of its sediments, clay minerals, and depositional style have gone largely unknown. This study provides insights into the depositional environment and diagenetic history of the Blossom Sand using thin section analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and porosity and permeability measurements. Each of these methods were used to identify clay minerals and their associations and variability, and correlated with porosity/permeability throughout the core to determine controls.
The major minerals found in this formation include quartz, calcite, and illite; accessory minerals include, plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, hematite, and siderite. Despite the literature stating that glauconite is common, it was not detected in any of the analyses. The Blossom Sand is composed of two major sand facies that contain planar lamination, wavy bedding, bioturbation, pellets, casts and molds of Inoceramus sp. bivalves and one specimen of Exogyra sp. These sand facies are interbedded with shales and siltstones throughout. The porosity varies from 2.6-33.7% with an average of 23.8%, while the permeability varies from 0.0002-146 mD, with an average of 25.4 mD. The porosity and permeability are inversely correlated with calcite content based upon Ca from the XRF data, indicating that calcite cement is the main controlling factor on porosity and permeability within the Blossom. The fine sands and sedimentary structures indicative of multidirectional currents and shallow marine fossils suggest that the sands were deposited in nearshore environments. The presence of trace fossils such as casts and molds indicate that dissolution and redistribution of local biogenic carbonate resulted in the calcite cement that controls the porosity and permeability of the Blossom Sand. Gaining a better understanding of the nature of porosity and permeability in sandstone reservoirs like the Blossom Sand can improve success in oil and gas exploration, secondary recovery, or carbon capture and storage
Analysis of Disproportionality in Discipline and the Effects of Positive Behavior Supports Within Special Education
Get PDFNationwide, school districts are required (IDEA, 2004) to implement positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) for all students receiving special education services. These PBIS are reported to reduce problem behaviors and increase prosocial behaviors when implemented with fidelity (Crone et al., 2015). With a reduction of problem behaviors an expected reduction of discipline referrals should follow along with a reduction in days spent in exclusionary discipline for students in special education. Reducing days in exclusionary discipline is desired due to a strong research base linking the practice to several negative outcomes (Marchbanks et al., 2015) along with data demonstrating these negative outcomes are disproportionally experienced by minority and disabled students (DOE, 2018). The goal of the current study was to: 1) describe the discipline practices of a school district for students in special education, and 2) analyze the effectiveness of Tier 3 PBIS in reducing exclusionary discipline for students in special education. It was hypothesized that students receiving Tier 3 PBIS and students with more accurate behavior intervention plans (BIPs) would spend fewer days in exclusionary discipline. Results demonstrated that Black and ED students were at the highest risk for receiving exclusionary discipline and that students in special education receiving any Tier 3 PBIS spent more days in exclusionary discipline than students who did not receive Tier 3 PBIS. However, students with accurate BIPs did spend fewer days in exclusionary discipline
Positive Body Image and Cognitive Processing Style
Get PDFSocial media use among young people is ubiquitous and has been associated with body image concerns. Though prior work has overwhelmingly focused on “screen time,” increasing evidence highlights the role of subjective social media experiences in driving this association, rather than mere frequency of use. In the current study, body appreciation was tested as a trait-level variable that may protect women from the negative impact of appearance-focused fitspiration images, which have become common in social media platforms. Appearance schema activation and appearance-related self-discrepancy were examined as two social-cognitive processes in which self-protective tendencies may emerge. Fitspiration exposure predicted appearance schema activation but not appearance-related self-discrepancy
13C NMR Chemical Shift Assignments of Nitrated Benzo[a]pyrenes Based on Two-dimensional Techniques and DFT/GIAO Calculations
No full textNitrated benzo[a]pyrenes are known to be mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic to bacterial and animal cells. For differentiation of isomers and environmental analytical trace studies, spectroscopic information is necessary. The present studies report the 13C NMR spectra of 1‐,3‐and 6‐nitrobenzo[a]pyrene measured in CDCl3. Complete 13C NMR assignments based on 2D NMR spectroscopy (HMQC and HMBC) were carried out. Further, the computation of fifty 13C chemical shifts of 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes by using GIAO B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6‐31+G(d), 6‐31+G(d,p), 6‐311+G(d), 6‐311+G(d,p), 6‐311G(d,p) levels of theory was investigated. For 1‐,3‐ and 6‐NBaP the calculated chemical shifts δcalc versus δexpt plots of chemical shifts fall on a linear correlation line with r2\u3e 0.90. The GIAO B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) level of theory was found to yield chemical shifts in good agreement with experiment with r2\u3e 0.90. The most expensive method (larger basis set) has provided the best agreement with the experiment. It is therefore important to continue to seek computational methods that can predict precise chemical shifts in nitrated or related compounds
2020 Annual Report: Cultural Resources Surveys Conducted for Two Anadarko E&P Onshore LLC Projects on General Land Office Property in Reeves County, Texas
Get PDFDuring the 2020 calendar year, Horizon Environmental Services, Inc. (Horizon) conducted intensive cultural resources surveys for two proposed Anadarko E&P Onshore LLC (Anadarko) projects located on property owned by the Texas General Land Office (GLO) in Reeves County, Texas (Project Areas). These projects included several flowline and pipeline rights-of-way (ROWs). Both projects were privately funded and did not require any federal permitting or coordination. However, as the GLO is considered to be a political subdivision of the State of Texas, the portions of the two projects on GLO property fell under the regulations of the Antiquities Code of Texas (ACT). At the request of Whitenton Group, Inc. (Whitenton), Horizon conducted the cultural resources surveys of the Project Areas on behalf of Anadarko in compliance with the ACT. Overall, these surveys assessed approximately 9.7 acres of GLO land. The purpose of the surveys was to determine if any archeological sites were located within the Project Areas and, if any existed, to determine if the projects had the potential to have any adverse impacts on sites considered eligible for formal designation as State Antiquities Landmarks (SALs). The cultural resources surveys were conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee (TAC) annual permit number 9226.
The cultural resources surveys of the two Project Areas resulted in the documentation of one new archeological site. Site 41RV207 was documented as a diffuse, low-density prehistoric lithic scatter situated near the apex of a gradually sloping desert upland within Anadarko’s Manassas State 55-4-21 1H-3H Gas, Oil, and SWD Pipeline Projects. The presence of early stage lithic flaking debris and the absence of any formal tools, fire-cracked rock (FCR), or cultural features on the site suggest that it functioned as a lithic procurement area rather than a campsite. The boundaries of the site were only documented within the limits of the current Project Area, and the site’s deposits could continue for a currently undefined distance to the north and south. As such, the full horizontal extent of site 41RV207 was not assessed, and its overall SAL eligibility status remains undetermined. However, based on: 1) the surficial nature of the observed cultural deposits; 2) the lack of buried, stratified cultural deposits; 3) the lack of any temporally diagnostic materials on the site; and 4) the lack of any preserved floral/faunal remains, it was Horizon’s opinion that the portion of site 41RV207 within the boundaries of the current Project Area is ineligible for formal designation as a SAL.
The cultural resources survey of the second Project Area assessed during 2020 resulted in entirely negative findings. No cultural materials were observed on the surface of the other assessed location or within any of the excavated shovel tests.
Based on the survey results, it was Horizon’s opinion that the development of the two projects would have no adverse effects on significant cultural resources designated as or considered eligible for designation as SALs on GLO property. Horizon therefore recommended that Anadarko be allowed to proceed with the construction of these projects relative to the jurisdiction of the ACT. The Texas Historical Commission (THC) concurred with these recommendations for both projects.
All recovered cultural materials (if any) and all original field notes, maps, drawings, and photographs were to be curated at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory (TARL) in accordance with the TAC Permit-Terms and Conditions and Texas Administrative Code Title 13, Part 2, Chapter 26.C.26.17
41cp12-565
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Curated in the Anthropology and Archaeology Laboratory at Stephen F. Austin State University.https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita-perdiz/1005/thumbnail.jp
41cp5-657
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Curated in the Anthropology and Archaeology Laboratory at Stephen F. Austin State University.https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita-perdiz/1015/thumbnail.jp
41cp5-649
No full textPerdiz arrow point from 41CP5.
Curated in the Anthropology and Archaeology Laboratory at Stephen F. Austin State University.https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita-perdiz/1008/thumbnail.jp