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Reliability of antibody tests for COVID-19 diagnosis
Get PDFObjective: The reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction test (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and antibody tests are useful as supplemental tools for diagnosis, for measuring the population’s immunity levels, and for checking infection in asymptomatic contacts. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of five commercial antibody detection test kits. Materials and Methods: The reliability of the Colloidal Gold COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Kit, Antibody Rapid Test Hotgen, Beijing Hotgen Biotech Co., Ltd., China), Abbott Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (Illinois, USA), Roche Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland), Siemens Chemiluminescence (Munich, Germany), and Euroimmun ELISA (Lübeck, Germany) for COVID-19 diagnosis was studied. The antibody-negative group included 50 sera from 2018, and the antibody-positive group included 98 patients with positive RT-PCR results from whom blood samples had been collected 3–9 weeks after hospital discharge. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). The antibody tests’ validity and intra-assay reproducibility were examined, and the Cohen’s kappa coefficients were obtained. The disease prevalence was pegged at 10%. Results: The antibody tests’ sensitivity (69.12–72.46%) and positive predictive values (42.44–100.0%) were low, and their specificity (89.58–100%) and negative predictive values (96.31–97.03%) were high. Their accuracy rates varied from 87.54% to 97.25%, and their intra-assay coefficients of variation varied from 1% to 10%. Conclusion: The agreement between the results of the antibody detection test kits was higher when the kits were classified according to the targeted antigens. The time of blood sample collection, targeted antigens, and antibody types affected the results. Serological tests were found to be useful, and the commercial kits were found to be largely reliable, although, some parameters need to be improved
The effect of private school teachers' perceptions of organisational justice on their organisational cynicism attitudes
Get PDFBu araştırmada, Antalya ili Alanya ilçesinde görev yapan özel okul öğretmenlerinin örgütsel adalet algılarının örgütsel sinizm tutumlarına etkisini incelenmiştir. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Antalya ilinin Alanya ilçesinde bulunan özel öğretim kurumlarında 2022- 2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında görev yapan toplam 621 öğretmen içerisinden basit rastgele örnekleme yoluyla ulaşılan toplam 376 öğretmenden oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin örgütsel adalet algıları, Niehoff ve Moorman (1993) tarafından geliştirilen ve Polat (2007) tarafından geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılarak Türkçe’ye uyarlanan, 19 maddeden ve üç alt boyuttan oluşan ‘Örgütsel Adalet Ölçeği’ ile belirlenmiştir. Örgütsel sinizm tutumları ise Brandes, Dharwadkar ve Dean (1999) tarafından geliştirilen, Kalağan (2009) tarafından geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılarak Türkçe’ye uyarlanan, 13 maddeden ve üç alt boyuttan oluşan ‘Örgütsel Sinizm Ölçeği’ kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, nicel analiz yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda bilgisayar destekli istatistik analiz programlarından faydalanılmıştır. Bu programlar aracılığıyla verilere t-Testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA), Tukey HSD çoklu karşılaştırma (post-hoc), Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ve Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda cinsiyet, medeni durum, öğrenim durumunu ve okuldaki çalışma yılı değişkenlerine göre öğretmenlerin örgütsel adalet algılarının anlamlı bir farklılaşma göstermediği saptanmıştır. Toplam çalışma yılı değişkenine bakıldığında ise etkileşimsel adalet ve işlemsel adalet alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılık varken dağıtımsal adalet alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılığın bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Özel okullarda görev yapan öğretmenler görev aldıkları okullarda etkileşimsel adalet, dağıtımsal adalet ve işlemsel adaletin varlığına kısmen iv katılmaktadırlar. Öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm tutumunun cinsiyet, medeni durum ve öğrenim durumu değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir farklılaşma göstermediği saptanmıştır. Toplam çalışma yılı ve okuldaki çalışma yılı değişkenine bakıldığında anlamlı farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Örgütsel adaletin alt boyutları ile örgütsel sinizm alt boyutları arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldığında, tüm alt boyutlar arasında negatif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi sonucuna göre dağıtımsal ve etkileşimsel adalet boyutlarının örgütsel sinizmin bilişsel ve duyuşsal boyutlarını yordadığı, işlemsel adalet boyutunun ise örgütsel sinizmin davranışsal boyutunu yordadığı belirlenmiştir. Bilişsel ve duyuşsal sinizm boyutlarında en güçlü yordayıcının etkileşimsel adalet boyutu olduğu, davranışsal sinizm boyutunun ise en çok işlemsel adalet boyutu tarafından yordandığı tespit edilmiştirThe study examines the effect of private school teachers' perceptions of organisational justice on their organisational cynicism attitudes. Relational screening model was used in the research. The sample group of the research consists of 376 teachers who were reached through simple random sampling from a total of 621 teachers working in private educational institutions in Alanya district of Antalya province in the 2022-2023 academic year. In the study, teachers' perceptions of organisational justice were determined by the 'Organisational Justice Scale' consisting of 19 items and three subdimensions, developed by Niehoff and Moorman (1993) and adapted to Turkish by Polat (2007) after validity and reliability studies, the attitudes towards organisational cynicism were determined by the 'Organisational Cynicism Scale', which was developed by Brandes, Dharwadkar and Dean (1999), adapted to Turkish by Kalağan (2009) after validity and reliability studies, and consists of 13 items and three sub-dimensions. The data of the study were evaluated by quantitative analysis methods. Computer-aided statistical analysis programmes were used to analyze the data obtained from the sample group. Through these programmes, t-Test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Tukey HSD multiple comparison (post-hoc), Pearson Correlation Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were performed on the data. At the end of the study, it was found that teachers' perceptions of organisational justice did not show a significant difference according to gender, marital status, educational status and years of service in the school. Considering the total years of employment variable, it was found that there was a significant difference in the interactional justice and procedural justice subdimensions, while there was no significant difference in the distributive justice subdimension. Teachers working in private schools partially agree with the existence of interactional justice, distributive justice and procedural justice in their schools. Private school teachers partially agree with the existence of interactional justice, distributive justice and procedural justice in the schools where they work. It was found that teachers' organisational cynicism attitude did not show a significant difference according to gender, marital status and educational status variables. It was found that there was a significant difference according to the variables of total years of service and years of service in the school. When the relationship between the sub-dimensions of organisational justice and organisational cynicism was examined, it was found that there was a negative and significant relationship between all sub-dimensions. According to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, it was determined that the distributive and interactional justice dimensions predicted the cognitive and affective dimensions of organisational cynicism, and the transactional justice dimension predicted the behavioural dimension of organisational cynicism. It was determined that the interactional justice dimension was the strongest predictor of cognitive and affective cynicism dimensions, while the behavioural cynicism dimension was predicted mostly by the transactional justice dimension
The effect of a new topographic classification on determining the prognosis of nasal fracture and treatment modality
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Classifications of nasal fracture are based on clinical findings or radiological findings. The classification systems of nasal fracture usually determine the type of nasal fracture. It is important that a classification gives information about treatment modality and prognosis rather than determining the type of fracture. The objective of this study was to show the effect of the new topographic classification on determining the parameters of prognosis and deciding on treatment modality of the nasal fracture. METHODS: We reviewed patients with nasal fracture that was referred from emergency department between December 2018 and September 2020. The views of lateral nasal radiography, the facial view of computed tomography (CT), and/or the views of three-dimensional CT were examined to analyze 120 patients with nasal bone fractures. The length of the nasal bone from the top to the base was divided into equal three levels by two lines perpendicular to the length of the nose. The location of fracture was determined as level I, II, and III, respectively, from caudal part to cranial part of the nasal bone. The demographic features of patients, the side of the fracture, the pattern of fracture, accompanying fractures, and the treatment modality were noted. RESULTS: The frequencies of location of nasal fractures were 44%, 28%, and 27% at level I, level II, and level III, respectively, in 120 cases. It was an expected result that the frequency of fractures was low in parts with the thick bone. Considering the rates of being bilateral or unilateral, it was found that the frequency of unilateral was higher in group of level I, where the thickness of nasal bone was thin, but it was less in group of level III (p<0.05). Non-depressed/minimal-depressed pattern of fracture in group of level I accounted for 92.6% which was the highest frequency (p<0.05). Depressed/elevated fracture patterns were more common in group of level II (p[removed
Female sexual function outcomes in patients operated for pelvic floor dysfunction: Comparison of synthetic mesh with native tissue repair
No full textObjectives: We aimed to evaluate the impact of urogynecologic mesh implantations on sexual function using female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, a total of 187 patients which found to have pelvic organ prolapse or stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery were investigated between 2015 and 2022. Patients whose main complaint was SUI and had tension free vaginal tape operation (n=21) or transobturator tape operation (n=17) constituted the “Midurethral mesh group” (n=38). Those who had cystocele repair with double obturator trapezoid mesh formed the “Cystocele repair with mesh’’ group (n=35). Patients who had cystocele repair with natural tissue repair without any mesh implant in the vagina or elsewhere in the pelvis constituted the “Natural tissue repair’’ group (n=79). The patients were informed about the study and their consent was obtained. Results: The mean time elapsed since surgery till FSFI measurement was 32±6.5 months in Midurethral Mesh group; 34±7.1 months in the “Cystocele repair with mesh group and 33±7 months in the natural tissue repair group (p>0.05). Total FSFI scores 22.8±6.8, 22.2±7.5, 22.5±7.9 and the frequency of patient with scores lower than 26.5, which is the cut-off for disfunction, was 27 (71.1%), 20 (57.1%) and 47 (59.5%) similar in the three groups (p>0.05). The FSFI subdomain scores such as desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, pain was similar in the three groups (p>0.05 for all comparisons). Discussion: Our study demonstrated that surgical repair of symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse and SUI surgery using mesh implants or natural tissue repair had similar results of major parameters of sexual function after surgery
COVID-19 vaccination intent in university students and influencing factors: An analytical cross-sectional study
Get PDFObjective: To determine coronavirus disease-2019 vaccination intent and factors influencing the decision among university students. Method: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from 25 January - 25 February 2021 at a state university in Muğla, Turkiye, and comprised undergraduate students. Data was collected using a self-designed questionnaire through Google Forms. Factors affecting vaccination intent were identified using multinomial logistic models. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 1069 subjects, 629(58.8%) were females and 440(41.2%) were males. The overall mean age of the sample was 21.34±2.99. Overall, 712(66.6%) students were enrolled in health-related fields, and 357(33.4%) were pursuing non-medical degrees. Besides, 578(54.1%) students intended to have the vaccine. While 458(64.3%) of the subjects studying health-related subjects intended to have the vaccine, only 120(33.8%) in other academic streams said they would get vaccinated. Students who had had the disease or had been in contact with someone who had it 102(33%) were more likely to believe that the vaccine was safe. Smoking, having a flu vaccine in the past, and having a coronavirus disease-2019 test were the factors influencing the intent to have the vaccination (p<0.05). Conclusion: Having had a flu vaccine in the past, social media use, history of, or exposure to, coronavirus disease2019 and enrolment in health-related programme of studies were the factors influencing the vaccination intent of the student
Evaluation of the Association of VDR rs2228570 Polymorphism with Elite Track and Field Athletes’ Competitive Performance
No full textThe present study aimed to examine the vitamin D receptor (VDR), rs2228570 polymorphism, and its effect on elite athletes’ performance. A total of 60 elite athletes (31 sprint/power and 29 endurance) and 20 control/ physically inactive, aged 18–35, voluntarily participated in the study. The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) score scale was used to determine the performance levels of the athletes’ personal best (PB). Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed by the genomic DNA isolated from the peripheral blood of the participants. Sports type, sex, and competitive performance were chosen as the parameters to compare within and between the groups by linear regression models. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the CC, TC, and TT genotypes within and between the groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, our results underlined that there were no statistically significant differences for the association of rs2228570 polymorphism with PBs within the groups of the (p > 0.05) athletes. The genetic profile in the selected gene was similar in elite endurance, sprint athletes, and in controls, suggesting that rs2228570 polymorphism does not determine competitive performance in the analyzed athlete cohort. © 2023 by the authors
Are Telerehabilitation Exercise Practices Effective in Patients Diagnosed with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo?
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of classical Vestibular Rehabilitation Exercises (Control Group-CG) given as home exercise program and VR + balance exercises (Experimental Group-EG) applied with telerehabilitation method on patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). Material and Methods: The patients were randomly divided into 2 therapy groups in the ALKU Hospital (CG; 21 patients, and EG;22 patients). Pre- and post-test experimental design was adopted and a six-week training was offered. The participants’ balance ability (Romberg, tandem and semi-tandem tests), vertigo severity (Vertigo Symptom Scale-VSS, VAS), vertigo-related disability level (Dizziness Handicap Inventory-DHI), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory-BAI) and quality of life (Vertigo Dizziness Imbalance Questionnaire-VDI) were assessed. Regarding the balance ability, findings in tandem and semi-tandem tests were significantly increased in the EG compared to CG (p < 0.05). According to VAS, the severity of dizziness decreased significantly compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Regarding the DHI score, symptoms of vertigo were reduced considerably after the treatment compared to the CG (p < 0.05). A significant improvement was observed in the quality of life of the EG group according to VDI scoring (p < 0.05). Although gains were observed in both groups, it was observed that the EG group obtained more effective improvement in the severity of vertigo, disability level due to vertigo, and quality of life compared to the home exercise group.These results confirmed the hypothesis that EG applications are effective and clinically applicable in patients with BPPV. © 2023, Association of Otolaryngologists of India
Wound Healing Activity of Arum Maculatum
No full textObjective: In this study, the antioxidant properties of Arum maculatum plant were evaluated. This study reported for the first time the wound healing activity of the methanol extract of A. maculatum fruits. This study aimed to assess and determine the possible pharmacological activities of A. maculatum and evaluate its potential to act as a wound care plant. Methods: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of A. maculatum were investigated using excisional in vivo and in vitro wound healing mouse models. A total of 32 Balb-c mice were used, which were equally, divided into four groups: saline control group, control group, A. maculatum group, and Centella asiatica extract group. Treatment applications were performed topically once per day. Wound area narrowing, wound healing percentage, and epithelialization time were analyzed. Results: A. maculatum application supported the healing process in in vivo and in vitro wound models. A. maculatum contributed to the healing process by promoting granulation tissue formation, epidermal regeneration, and angiogenesis. Conclusions: Wound healing is a complex and well-organized process that requires communication between cells. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of A. maculatum extract have been determined by current studies. A. maculatum extract may provide significant benefits in promoting the wound healing process
Determination of digital game addiction and sleep quality levels of thom athletes in track and fields
Get PDFBu çalışmanın amacı atletizm branşı TOHM sporcularının dijital oyun bağımlılığı ile uyku kalitesi düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmaya 56 kadın, 80 erkek olmak üzere toplam 136 atletizm branşı TOHM sporcusu katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama amacıyla TOHM sporcularının demografik bilgilerini tanımlamaya yönelik oluşturulan kişisel bilgi formu ile araştırmanın amacına yönelik uygulanan, Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (DOBÖ-7) ve Richards Campbell Uyku O?lc?eg?i (RCUO?) uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde normal dağılıma uygunluğunun sınanması için SPSS programı ile basıklık ve çarpıklık analizleri yapılmış, histogram grafiği çizdirilmiştir. Normal dağılıma uygun olduğu görülerek tanımlayıcı istatistik, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Bağımlı değişkenlerde bağımsız değişkenler açısından anlamlı farklılıkları test etmek amacıyla bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve Anova analizi yapılmıştır. anova analiz tablolarında anlamlı farklılıkların kaynağını tespit etmek için ise Post-Hoc Tukey testi kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklerin güvenirliklerini belirlemek için Cronbach alpha katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Sporcuların RCUO? [t=-0.29; p=0.77] ve DOBÖ-7 [t=0.07; p=0.95] toplam ortalama puanlarının "cinsiyet" degişkenine go?re istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılaşmadıg?ı belirlenmiştir. Sporcuların DOBÖ-7'nin toplam ortalama puanları "oyun oynama" deg?is?kenine go?re istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık [t=3.87; p=0.001] göstermektedir. Anlamlı farklılığın oyun oynayan katılımcıların lehine olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sporcuların RCUO? [t=-0.79; p=0.43] toplam ortalama puanlarının ise "oyun oynama" deg?işkenine go?re istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılaşmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, DOBÖ-7'ye ilişkin toplam ortalama puanlarının [F(4-131)= 2.85; p=0.001] "oyun türü" değişkenine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde bir farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan sporcuların RCUÖ'ne ilişkin toplam ortalama puanları DOBÖ-7 ile toplam ortalama puanları arasında ise (r=-0.326; p=0.001) negatif yönde ve orta düzeyde bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit ediliştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; RCUO?'nin DOBÖ-7'ni istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif yönde yordadığı (?=-0.17, t=-2.01; p=0.047) belirlenmiştir. Yani uyku kalitesine ilişkin tutum düzeyindeki bir birimlik artış, oyun bağımlılığı düzeyinde 0.17'lik bir düşüşe neden olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak her ne kadar oyun süresinin artmasıyla spor performansın düşeceği düşünülse de sporcuların WA puanları ve oyun süreleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunamamıştır. Fakat dijital oyun ölçeği toplam ortalama puanları ile uyku ölçeği toplam ortalama puanları arasında negatif yönde ve orta düzeyde ilişki bulunması, sporcuların toparlanma sürecinde etkili olan uykuyu dijital oyunların etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.The aim of this study is to determine the digital game addiction and sleep quality levels of TOPC athletes in athletics. A total of 136 TOPC athletes, 56 women and 80 men, participated in the research. In the research, the personal information form created to define the demographic information of TOPC athletes, the Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS-7) and the Richards Campbell Sleep Scale (RCSS), the second part of which were used for the purpose of the research, were used for data collection. In order to test the conformity of the data to the normal distribution in the analysis of the data, kurtosis and skewness analyses were made with the SPSS program, and histogram graphs were drawn. Considering that it is suitable for normal distribution; descriptive statistical correlation and regression analyses were done. In order to test the significant differences in dependent variables in terms of independent variables, t-test and Anova analyses were done in independent groups. Post-Hoc Tukey test was used to determine the source of significant differences in ANOVA analysis tables. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated to determine the reliability of the scales. Athletes' RCSS [t=-0.29; p=0.77] and DGAS-7 [t=0.07; p=0.95] scores indicated that the total mean scores did not differ significantly according to the "gender" variable. There is a statistically significant difference in the total mean scores of the athletes' DGAS-7 according to the "playing game" variable [t=3.87; p=0.001]. It was determined that the significant difference was in favor of the participants playing the game. In addition, the athletes' RCSS [t=-0.79; p=0.43] indicated that the total mean scores did not differ significantly according to the "playing game" variable. According to the results of the analysis, the total mean scores of DGAS-7 were [F(4-131)= 2.85; p=0.001]. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference according to the "game type" variable. It has been determined that there is a positive and moderate relationship between RCSS scores and DGAS-7 scores of the athletes participating in the research (r=-0.326; p=0.001). According to the results obtained, it was determined that RCSS predicted DGAS-7 statistically significantly and negatively (?=-0.17, t=-2.01; p=0.047). In other words, a one-unit increase in the level of attitude towards sleep quality causes a 0.17 decrease in the level of game addiction. As a result, although it is thought that the sports performance will decrease with the increase of the playing time, no significant difference was found between the WA scores of the athletes and the playing times. However, it was concluded that there is a negative and moderate relationship between the total average scores of the digital game scale and the total average scores of the sleep scale, and that digital games affect sleep, which is effective in the recovery process of the athletes
Vascular effects of continuous hyperbaric oxygen exposure: experimental outlook
Get PDFHyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment aims to restore tissue oxygenation by inhaling 100% oxygen in pressure rooms. Although beneficial effects have been reported with regard to re-oxygenated ischemic tissues, conflicting findings have been presented concerning the paradoxical tissue response following reperfusion and/or the different responses of non-ischemic normal tissues to increased oxygen exposure. The present study sought to experimentally investigate the impact of continuous HBO treatments on normal aortic tissue. New Zealand rabbits were placed in pressure rooms for 90 minutes per day under 2.5 atmospheric pressure and exposed to HBO for 28 days. Normal structural histology was obtained in the control group. Foam cells were detected in the aortic intimae, thickening and undulation were visualized in the endothelium, and localized separations were observed in the tunica media in the study group compared with the control group. Moreover, salient vasa vasorum was detected in the study group via histopathology. These findings suggest that continuous HBO exposures disrupt the normal vascular structure of a healthy aorta. © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved