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Comparative Analysis of Extraction Methods: Impact on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity
Full text linkPhenolic compounds are organic compounds that contain a phenol ring with hydroxyl(-OH) group attached on one or more carbon atoms contributing to their structural diversity. They are widely available in nature in different forms. This review presents studies that employed different extraction methods, such as supercritical carbon dioxide pressurized liquid extraction, maceration, ultrasonication and the use of deep eutectic solvents, on plants, algae, and tar. It will discuss how the extraction method affects the total yield of phenolic compounds, their composition, and the overall antioxidant activity of the extracts
Outpatient physical therapy for a 64-year-old female with total knee arthroplasty: A case analysis
No full textA 64-year-old female who was 5-weeks post right total knee arthroplasty was seen for student physical therapy treatment for 16 sessions in a 10-week period in outpatient physical therapy. Treatment was provided by a student physical therapist under the supervision of a licensed physical therapist.The patient was evaluated at the initial encounter with goniometric range of motion, manual muscle test, 6-minute walk test, and Lower Extremity Functional Scale. A plan of care was established to address restricted right knee range of motion, weakness of the hip and knee, abnormal gait pattern, inability to squat, and lack of participation with work-specific duties. Main goals for the patient were to improve strength, range of motion, gait speed, lifting capacity, stair climbing, and work-specific duties. Main interventions used were active stretching, open and closed kinetic chain strengthening, individual and compound muscle strengthening, overground gait training, balance training, and functional lift training.The patient achieved significant improvements in range of motion, strength, gait speed, lifting capacity, and functional independence. The patient was discharged independent with activities of daily living, a home exercise program, and the ability to safely return to their work setting
Investigating Systematics and Host-Parasite Dynamics in Dwarf Mistletoes (Arceuthobium spp.) Using Population Genomics
Full text linkHost-parasite relationships can lead to coevolutionary dynamics broadly affecting trait evolution and diversification. The nature of these dynamics in parasitic mistletoes is not well understood. Here, I investigate evolutionary processes in the genus Arceuthobium (parasitic dwarf mistletoe) and their conifer hosts. Arceuthobium is an economically and ecologically important agricultural pest. They increase forest structures by changing the host trees' growth form and providing wildlife shelter. Species of Arceuthobium section campylopoda are difficult to distinguish because putative taxa overlap morphologically and phenotypically and may have complex host specificity. This study aims to identify the genus systematics through a phylogenetic species concept. I further analyze whether Arceuthobium host races are potentially characterized by host specialization and geography. I used RAD sequencing to characterize single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data from Arceuthobium taxa, sampled across their ranges in North America and Mexico from different hosts. A PCA, structure plot, phylogeny, and isolation by distance analysis were used to examine gene flow patterns and population differentiation to connect observations with species circumscription and diversification concepts. This study found no evidence of host specialization or the species' geography affecting the genetic makeup of Arceuthobium taxa. This study highlights that all the previously debated taxa within Arceuthobium section campylopodabesides Arceuthobium blumeri are genetically similar enough to be deemed the same species under the phylogenetic species concept. Unexpectedly, Arceuthobium americanum, a non-debated species, was found nested withinArceuthobium section campylopoda.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1522602
Visual Consistency in the Illusory Truth Effect
Full text linkMisinformation has become a concern in recent years, and it has become difficult to discern true information from false information. When making judgments of truth, people rely on cues. One cue people may rely on is familiarity, which can lead to the illusory truth effect. The illusory truth effect occurs when repeated information is perceived as more truthful than new information. Encountering the same misinformation multiple times can increase its perceived truthfulness. However, visual details may not remain consistent across repetitions. Visual details can affect perceptions of truth, but few studies of the illusory truth effect have examined this variable. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine how visual consistency affects perceptions of truth for repeated information. Participants first rated their interest in a set of statements accompanied by pictures. After a filler task, they rated the truthfulness of another set of statements and pictures, with some of them being the same pairs they initially rated and the remaining being new pairs. Of the repeated pairs, some were left unchanged, and the rest were visually altered by either rewording the original statement, pairing the original statement with a new picture, or both. First, I predicted that repeated statements with their original pictures would be perceived as more truthful than repeated statements with replaced pictures. Second, I predicted that there would be a significant interaction between the type of repeated statement (verbatim vs. reworded) and type of picture (same vs. replaced) on perceptions of truth. Finally, I predicted that all repeated statement/picture pairs, regardless of visual alteration, would still be perceived as more truthful than new statement/picture pairs. No support was found for my first two predictions, but support was found for my third prediction, indicating that the illusory truth effect still occurred in the present study. This study further adds to the ever-growing knowledge of the illusory truth effect and the underlying mechanisms of the effect
Differences in Lean Mass in Upper and Lower Extremities between male and female participants in a backpack carriage study
Full text linkThe long-term goal of this work is to examine how muscle mass physiology may play a role in upper limb force production after a loaded backpack carry. Specifically, we aimed to determine the lean mass, appendicular lean mass, and body composition distribution for males and females to understand if lean mass composition may influence upper limb function. We hypothesized that males would have a larger total percent of lean mass in the upper limbs compared to females. Thirty-nine participants, 18 females (mean ± SD: 23.9 ± 3.5 yrs., 165. 4 ± 7.0 cm, & 68.9 ± 15.5 kg) and 21 males (25.6 ± 6.5 yrs., 178.7 ± 11.8 cm, & 87.1 ± 13.6 kg) were measured for body composition by bioelectrical impedance as part of a backpack research study. Data was collected as a convenience sample from a college campus and surrounding community that included military and first responders toencompass an array of people who had experience with backpack carriage. Data showed males had significantly greater (p<0.0001) percent of total lean mass in the upperextremities, with 13.78 +/- 0.71%, as compared to females, with 12.08 +/-0.63%. Male participants also had a significantly lower percent of their total lean mass in the lowerlimbs as compared to female participants (p=0.042). Implications of the results are that females may be more affected by the constriction of backpack straps as they have lower percent of lean mass in their upper limbs as compared to male participants. Lean mass distribution may play a key role in functional use of upper limb muscles for hikers and first responders alike as backpack carriage is a predominantly lower extremity exercise and demands blood flow to the lower extremity muscles while constricting blood flow to the upper extremities
After Twitter: Librarian use of social media for professional development and networking
Full text linkPoster presented at the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Conference in Minneapolis, MN. The objectives of this project are to learn which social media platforms librarians are currently using for professional development and professional networking. For several years, librarians fostered strong communities of practice on Twitter. However, many factors including the 2022 ownership change and subsequent conversion to X, resulted in users leaving the platform and a dispersal of the conversations among these online communities. To find out where we can connect with each other online, the researchers sent a Qualtrics survey in January-February 2025 to several library email lists and posted the survey link on social media communities for library professionals such as Discord, Facebook, and Reddit. 229 people responded to the survey, with varying completion rates per question. The majority of respondents work in college and university libraries
Breaking the Barriers: Investigating the Influence of Autism Awareness on Societal Stigmatization
Full text linkIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may exhibit diverse behaviors, communication styles, and social interactions, which may be different from their neurotypical (NT) peers. Signs and symptoms of autism can manifest in early childhood, with characteristics in each individual progressing and changing throughout their lifetime (Joon et al., 2021). These behavioral differences may lead to misunderstandings, stereotypical viewpoints from NT peers, and social isolation for individuals with ASD, ultimately impacting their mental health and quality of life (Hollocks et al., 2019). NT peers may have bias and stigma towards their peers with autism due to limited education and reduced opportunities for meaningful connections. Current research has shown that autism awareness training can improve NT individuals' knowledge and attitudes toward autism; however, limited research has looked into the efficacy of providing structured autism awareness training that includes live, personal interactions with individuals with ASD and if that could further enhance understanding and reduce bias. The purpose of this study was to examine the change in knowledge and perception of autism when providing education and a live interaction and first-person narrative of a person with autism. The current study focused on using a single-group pretest-posttest design to evaluate a single group of participants' knowledge and awareness of autism before and after educational training, listening to a guest speaker with autism, and having a 30-minute interaction with the guest speaker. Four NT participants and one guest speaker with autism were involved. Data indicated the study had positive influences increasing general awareness about autism from the NT participants, but due to the small nature of the study, further research is warranted
EXAMINING LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS' UNDERSTANDING AND APPLICATION OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Full text linkThis dissertation seeks to investigate the comprehension and application of cultural competency among law enforcement officers, aiming to enhance our understanding of the role cultural competence plays in modern policing. As communities become increasingly diverse, the need for law enforcement agencies to effectively engage with individuals from various cultural backgrounds becomes imperative. The study employs a qualitative method, utilizing interviews to explore officers' levels of cultural competency awareness, training experiences, and the integration of cultural competence principles into their daily practices.The research begins by reviewing the existing literature on cultural competency within law enforcement and its impact on community relations, officer effectiveness, and the overall legitimacy of law enforcement agencies. The theoretical framework draws on concepts from Bennett's (2014) developmental model of intercultural sensitivity (DMIS) and Banks' six stages of cultural identity. The research phase involves in-depth interviews with a subset of officers to provide qualitative insights into their experiences, challenges, and successes in applying cultural competency principles in real-world scenarios.The findings of this research contribute to the existing body of knowledge by shedding light on the current state of cultural competency within law enforcement and by identifying potential areas for improvement. Recommendations based on the study's results aim to inform policy changes, training programs, and organizational practices that can enhance the cultural competency of law enforcement officers. Ultimately, this dissertation seeks to foster a more nuanced and informed discussion surrounding cultural competency in policing, with the goal of promoting equitable and just interactions between law enforcement and the diverse communities they serve
Lipidomics-driven drug discovery and delivery strategies in glioblastoma
Full text linkWith few viable treatment options, glioblastoma (GBM) is still one of the most aggressive and deadly types of brain cancer. Recent developments in lipidomics have demonstrated the potential of lipid metabolism as a therapeutic target in GBM. The thorough examination of lipids in biological systems, or lipidomics, is essential to comprehending the changed lipid profiles found in GBM, which are linked to the tumor's ability to grow, survive, and resist treatment. The use of lipidomics in drug delivery and discovery is examined in this study, focusing on how it may be used to find new biomarkers, create multi-target directed ligands, and improve drug delivery systems. We also cover the use of FDA-approved medications, clinical trials that use lipid-targeted medicines, and the integration of lipidomics with other omics technologies. This study emphasizes lipidomics as a possible tool in developing more effective treatment methods for GBM by exploring various lipid-centric techniques.167637https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.16763
Behavior and activity of commensal roof rats around rodenticide bait stations in southern California, USA
Full text linkThe roof rat (Rattus rattus) is a highly invasive rat that poses a threat to humans and native species. In urban settings they are typically managed with bait stations containing chemical rodenticides, however, their behavior around bait stations is not well understood. We conducted field studies in 36 residential yards in Orange County, California, to determine whether different bait station designs or baiting approaches influence roof rat behavior around stations. Specifically, we tested whether the bait station's design, the presence of supplemental bait, and the addition of a scent lure in the station influenced rat behavior over three separate trials. Using digital game cameras, we monitored stations containing non-toxic bait for three weeks during each trial to estimate the time to discovery, entry, bait consumption, and nightly activity of rats around stations. We also determined whether landscape characteristics associated with each yard (presence of rodent management, pets/livestock, or fruits/vegetables) influenced rat behavior. Rats were detected in most yards (75 – 91 % of yards), and they discovered stations in most of these yards (59 – 89 % stations discovered). However, they did not enter many stations (24 – 63 % stations entered). Neither the station's design nor the addition of a scent lure in the station affected any of the measured response variables. Supplemental bait around stations decreased the time to entry and increased the nightly activity of rats at two types of stations, and increased bait consumption in all station designs. The presence of fruits and vegetables in the yard decreased the time to discovery of stations, but did not affect any other response variables. Rats in yards that were currently or recently (within last six months) managed for rodents were just as active as in unmanaged yards but were less likely to consume bait, indicating that neophobia is not the only factor contributing to bait avoidance -- previous exposure to management may also lead to bait avoidance by commensal rats. This underscores that new approaches may be needed to effectively control commensal rats with the tools currently available.106653https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2025.10665