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Using NAICS Codes Effectively to Research Industries
No full textLauinger LibraryNAICS (North American Industry Classification System) codes play an important role in business research. To briefly review, the system classifies business establishments by type of economic activity and reflects the businesses and industries of Canada, Mexico, and the United States and updated every 5 years. I detailed recent changes to the system in the July/August 2022 issue of Online Searcher ("Changes to NAICS Affects Researchers"). In this article, I delve into the intricacies of code creation and how that affects research
Ambassadors for Pluralism: Relational Autonomy Promotion as the Fundamental Lawyerly Virtue
No full textPh.D.What practical ethical approach could both encourage what is uniquely valuable about the American legal profession, despite the harms it causes, and provide individual lawyers with flourishing lives within their political communities? In this dissertation, I argue that such flourishing is attainable when lawyers promote the autonomy of their clients in a way that takes into account the relations and responsibilities that both lawyers and clients have to themselves, specific others, and the American political community. I focus first on the harms that lawyers characteristically cause and argue that those harms arise in situations that may be fruitfully redescribed as pluralistic dilemmas—dilemmas that involve a conflict between two or more ethical conceptions. Given the centrality of maintaining a culture that values pluralism to sustaining American democracy, I then argue for a specific conception of pluralism that encourages lawyers to be broadly open to representing clients with whom they have deep ethical disagreements, but in a manner that maintains their integrity and responsibility to the American political community. Next, I propose a fundamental virtue of lawyers I call autonomy promotion, which provides lawyers an individual-level ethical approach that promotes the responsible yet broad conception of pluralism for which I have argued. The conception of autonomy that I argue lawyers should promote in their clients and in themselves is specifically a relational conception of autonomy— one that recognizes the ways in which an individual’s autonomy must developed and maintained in a relational context. Finally, I detail how lawyers might promote this relational conception of autonomy on the model of an Aristotelian virtue and what that virtue might look like in practice. I emphasize how lawyers’ unique training and resources specially position them to play a significant role in maintaining American pluralistic democracy, a role that justifies some of the harms lawyers characteristically cause. In short, lawyers can live flourishing lives within the American political communities if they embrace their role as ambassadors of pluralism
reNULL AND VOID? Assessing the Inclusion of Race and the use of Cystatin C in Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate among Adults Living with HIV
No full textM.S.Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) continues to increase in prevalence, incidence, and mortality. CKD is defined as either kidney damage or glomerular filtration rate (GFR
The Effect of Neoliberal Economic Reforms on Urbanization: The Story of Thirty-Two African Countries
No full textM.P.P.This thesis explores the relationship between neoliberal economic reforms and urbanization across 32 African countries from 2000 to 2020. The study uses panel data from the Frasier Institute, The World Bank, and the International Labor Organization while controlling for population, economic, colonial, and environmental factors. The Economic Freedom Index serves as a proxy to represent the implementation of neoliberal economic reforms, and the fixed-effect model is used to estimate the relationship following a Hausman test. The findings are consistent with previous urbanization theories and literature, with some unexpected relationships.The study indicates that as countries implement neoliberal economic reforms, there is initially a negative relationship with urbanization. However, as they attain a higher Economic Freedom Index above 5, the correlation between economic freedom and urbanization becomes positive. The results suggest that the drivers of urbanization in African countries are complex and multifaceted, and economic reforms alone cannot be attributed solely to it. Population growth and personal remittance demonstrate a negative effect on urbanization, while personal remittance is not a significant driver of urbanization, contrary to literature reviews.
Based on these findings, it is essential for African governments to pursue integrated policy strategies that bridge the rural-urban divide and implement policies that increase economic opportunities through agriculture and manufacturing to shape urbanization into a more economically beneficial endeavor. The study concludes that African governments should consider pursuing home-grown policies to address the challenges of urbanization effectively.
Keywords: Neoliberal Economics, Africa, Structural Adjustment Programs, Urbanization
Arabic Criticism of Colloquial Poetry
No full textPh.D.The study of Arabic poetry has long been confined to the study of works composed in Classical Arabic, nowadays commonly known as fuṣḥā. Since the beginnings of Arabic literary criticism, poetry composed in colloquial varieties of Arabic has been excluded from the standard canon. Many scholars have viewed and continue to view colloquial poetry as sub-literary, despite colloquial poems being part of rich and popular literary traditions prominent throughout the Arabic-speaking world. Few studies deal with this issue, as most academics only study the poetry of a select few while not giving adequate attention to a vast corpus of colloquial poetry that is an integral component of Arabic literature. My study focuses on written colloquial poetry rather than orally transmitted folk literature. I provide a detailed analysis of the reasons for the exclusion of colloquial poetry from the standard literary canon from the beginnings of Arabic literary criticism until the modern era. I begin in the early Islamic era, discussing the standardization process of the Arabic language as well as the collection of the earliest poetry anthologies. I then examine the reasons for the scholarly disregard of colloquial continuing through the post-Classical eras despite the permeation of poetry composed in colloquial into written works. This scholarly exclusion continues into the modern era, despite the emergence of “modern” poetic movements in the twentieth century. I examine these movements and analyze the reasons for the continued scholarly dismissal of colloquial poetry. I then move on to discuss the position of poets who composed works in colloquial and where they stood regarding the issue of colloquial exclusion from the standard literary canon. I focus specifically on poets from Egypt and Lebanon
Report on the Surveillance Program Operated Pursuant to Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
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