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What Is the Effect of Family Background on Access to Higher Education in China from the Perspective of Family Registration Status and Geographic Location?
No full textM.P.P.China's rapid economic development, coupled with the expansion of its higher education sector, has significantly increased the opportunities for its citizens to access higher education. However, this growth has also highlighted the need to address to regional and urban-rural disparities. This study aims to investigate the relationship between family background factors and access to higher education in China, with a focus on regional and household registration status. Utilizing logistic regression data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this research shows people with rural registration status and geographical region residence(whether the individual is from central or western China) face significant barriers to access to higher education with socioeconomic factors such as family income and parental education level plays an important role addressing these disparities. The result also indicates that regional and rural-urban still exist in China offering insights for policymakers to promote better educational equity
Letter from Kevin O'Connor, Chief, Oversight Sec., Office of Intelligence, DOJ, to Anthony J. Trenga, Presiding Judge, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, In Re Accuracy Concerns Regarding FBI Matters Submitted to the FISC
No full textFirst page of documen
Al-Fārābī's Theory of Science and His Iḥṣāʾ al-ʿulūm
No full textPh.D.This study deals with the classification of the sciences in Arabic and Islamic philosophy. It does so through an examination of the tenth-century philosopher Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī (d. 339/950) and his treatise Iḥṣāʾ al-ʿulūm (Enumeration of the Sciences). Scholarship to date has largely approached this influential text with a focus on the history of early Arabic classificatory systems, tracing their Greek roots and impact on subsequent Islamic, Christian, and Jewish writings. The present study builds on this work but foregrounds the ontological and epistemological bases of al-Fārābī’s treatise, offering a more comprehensive analysis of his division of knowledge.My central argument is that al-Fārābī’s notion of science (ʿilm) is far more nuanced than scholars have typically recognized, being broader than that of his Greek predecessors. His Iḥṣāʾ al-ʿulūm provides a window onto the complex internal and hierarchical structures of knowledge. At the same time, I analyze this treatise by drawing on a number of his other works, such as the Kitāb al-burhān (Book of Demonstration) and the Taḥṣīl al-saʿāda (Attainment of Happiness), which open up new readings of the Iḥṣāʾ al-ʿulūm. As I show, what seems a straightforward work—one that simply “enumerates” the sciences—contains, on closer inspection, a sophisticated approach to the division of knowledge. Ultimately, this study illuminates different aspects of al-Fārābī’s approach, identifying his influences, innovations, as well as contradictions that surface in considering his treatise as a whole
Budgeting the Blaze: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Prescribed Burns and Wildfire Suppression Costs
No full textM.P.P.Federal wildland firefighting agencies spend billions each year to contain and manage wildfires. These costs have grown exponentially as wildfire seasons have grown more severe. Unfortunately, climate scientists anticipate that the frequency and scope of these disasters will continue to grow over the next several decades as temperatures increase. It is crucial to understand how fuel reduction strategies can mitigate these effects. This thesis paper draws upon wildfire incident data from the National Geographic Area Coordination Center (GACCC) and prescribed fire data from the US Forest Service to examine the impact of prescribed burns in previous years on reducing wildfire suppression costs. This relationship analysis occurs on a county-level basis across the continental United States. Additionally, the wildfire data covers the years 2020 through 2023, and the prescribed fire data covers the years 2015 through 2023. This leaves 2,243 observations of counties that experienced wildfires and 3779 county observations that were treated with a prescribed burn. By evaluating the economic effects of prescribed burns by year on future wildfire suppression costs, this paper seeks to add to the existing literature on mitigation and serve as a reference for better financial management of the growing wildfire crisis
Singular ‘Some’ as an Intersubjective Resource: Procedural Meaning, Pragmatic Effects, and Interactional Practices
No full textPh.D.English singular ‘some’ falls within a crosslinguistic class of epistemic indefinite determiners which appear to convey that the referent lacks familiarity or unique identifiability not only for the audience, but also for the speaker (Alonso-Ovalle & Menéndez-Benito 2003). In “Some musician is at the door,” there is a sense in which the speaker is conveying that she does not know or is otherwise refraining from identifying the person in question; thus, immediate identification is judged to be pragmatically odd (e.g., “Some musician is at the door. #It’s my brother.”). Nonetheless, in a variety of discourse contexts, ‘some’ does not straightforwardly convey speaker ignorance or non-identification.(1) There’s a video of some kid on a yellow bike, and that kid is me.(2) A: Who was that? B: Some guy I know named RJ.To date, there has been little work on the varied pragmatic effects of singular ‘some’ in discourse and no work on how it is used in interactional practices. Drawing from mental files (Recanati 2012), relevance theory (Sperber & Wilson 1995), footing (Goffman 1981), and epistemics (Heritage 2012), this dissertation aims to bridge both gaps, presenting an analysis of singular ‘some’ grounded in interactional data from large spoken English-language corpora and family conversations.Positing that specific indefinites guide the construction of vicarious “indexed files,” the thesis proposed is that singular ‘some’ encodes a procedural constraint whereby the agent whose perspective is represented is unfamiliar with the entity described. The context-sensitive pragmatic effects of ‘some’ are then systematically derived by considering relations between participants in the frame space and entities in the discourse, with a focus on narrative laminations. The analysis examines how these effects serve to manage intersubjectivity in interactional practices—organizing information-seeking sequences, shaping turn design, and occasioning repair. This work contributes to the study of epistemic indefinite determiners by accounting for a wide range of natural data not captured by existing approaches. In the course of casting a theoretical phenomenon in an interactional light, it illuminates a novel interdisciplinary path for extending the study of knowledge and grammar in interaction into the nominal domain
Bring Your Ideas to Life with Scholarly and Popular Publishing
No full textBring your half-baked or fully cooked ideas to our annual discussion of book and article publishing. You'll get a big-picture how-to from eighteen years of Carole Sargent's work with faculty publishing, and there will be time to discuss your particular situation and answer your burning questions. If you sign up, please fill out this form to give Carole a better idea of what's on your mind with publishing. All are welcome, and although your project can be academic, it doesn't have to be
The Impact of Targeted Multimodal Pain Pathway Provider Education at a U.S. Military Hospital
No full textD.N.P.Opioids are often used as the first-line treatment of acute pain. Patients presenting for surgery receive opioids before, during, and after the surgical procedure. Opioid prescribing can lead to persistent postoperative opioid use (PPOU), now recognized as a surgical complication and seen in 2.4 million to 4.3 million patients annually in the U.S. Prolonged opioid use can lead to substance use disorder (SUD).This quality improvement (QI) project evaluated the benefits of multimodal pain pathway (MMPP) education for providers and support staff in the department of surgery at a single military treatment facility (MTF) hospital in the Indo-Pacific region. The primary aim was to increase the rate of preoperative prescribing of MMPP. The project had two secondary aims: to decrease the amount of fentanyl used to treat acute postoperative pain in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and to reduce the PACU length of stay (LOS).Seventy surgical interns, residents, support staff, and surgeons from all surgical specialties participated in one of seven MMPP education sessions. Sessions were in person at the project site during work hours and were 30 minutes plus Q&A in length. Among 34 MMPP education participants who completed a survey, 23 were men, and 11 were women. Their medical training was divided equally between civilian and military.The Principal Investigator (PI) of the quality improvement (QI) project audited a convenience sample of 202 de-identified pre- and post-education charts of patients having surgery. One hundred pre-MMPP provider education charts and 102 post-MMPP provider education charts were audited for preoperative prescribing of MMPP, the amount of fentanyl administered in PACU, and PACU LOS.The rate of preoperative full MMPP prescribing increased by 18% (
Toward a Framework for Teaching AI, Leadership & Collaboration in a Professional Education Context
No full textThrough the lens of professional education, a panel of faculty from the School of Continuing Studies will explore the impact of AI on teaching, leadership, collaboration, and professional practice.
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Unpacking Meaning with Natural Language Processing: Legal Metalanguage Analysis and Long-Tail Calibration
No full textPh.D.Metalanguage describes the reflexive capacity of language to be used simultaneously as a means of description and the target of description. Calibration quantifies how well a model's confidence in its predictions aligns with empirical outcomes. This dissertation explores how the study of these two topics helps unpack meaning from multiple perspectives, including computer science, linguistics, and law. It organizes my prior published work on corpus-building and tagging as well recent unpublished research on using NLP to scale social science content analyses.I begin by introducing CuRIAM, a corpus of legal metalanguage in Supreme Court opinions built on a novel annotation schema. I describe the motivation for this kind of work and go over the process of prototyping and refining a set of metalanguage categories applicable to Supreme Court opinion data. After presenting examples from the finalized schema, I detail the data gathering process, pilot and main annotations efforts, and measure inter-annotator agreement. I remark on several patterns in the resulting corpus and suggest several potential applications.Then, I investigate marginal calibration for long-tailed syntactic and semantic tagging tasks, namely combinatory categorial grammar supertagging and lexical semantic recognition. These tasks, with models that output hundreds of possible tags, violate the typical assumptions of calibration research, which historically has focused on binary classification and top-label calibration. I propose methods for evaluating calibration error and recalibrating models that have large output spaces and conduct several experiments that demonstrate the value of these methods.And lastly, I use transformer-based models trained on CuRIAM to automatically identify metalanguage in three decades of Supreme Court opinions. I explain the challenges of gathering and cleaning a dataset of Supreme Court opinions. Next, I compare model performance for this task and conduct a content analysis aimed at understanding the Court's metalanguage use in the context of its textualist shift since the 1980s
A Laboratory of Experimental Ethics: Digital Cosmopolitanism in Samanta Schweblin’s Kentukis
No full textSamanta Schweblin is one of the most prominent figures in the contemporary Latin American panorama. Her narrative works Distancia de Rescate, Pájaros en la boca and Siete Casas Vacías explore the quiet horrors of family life and the looming menaces of industrialization and ecological disaster. In her novel Kentukis (2018), she peers into a dystopian world of human relationships mediated by technological artifacts that, under the disguise of innocent toys, create a global network of vigilance, dependency and interpersonal abuse. Challenging the boundaries of the novel, this kaleidoscopic work is organized in a fragmentary structure that shifts from one narrative capsule to another, offering a collection of narratives that span across the globe. The purpose of this article is to read Kentukis as a projection of the cosmopolitan ethical anxieties in a hyperconnected technological world. Drawing from the field of Experimental Ethics, I propose to interpret the collection of fictional narratives in this book as a series of ethical thought experiments. I contend that each one of the episodes presents the reader with an ethical puzzle aimed at testing the fabric of the ethical commitments towards strangers in the context of what can be called “digital cosmopolitanism.” Conceptually, this article is in close dialogue with Martha Nussbaum’s and Kwame Anthony Appiah’s theories of cosmopolitanism, Emmanuel Levinas’s ethical meditations, as well as with the concept of “digital cosmopolitanism” coined by Ethan Zuckerman.https://doi.org/10.57928/552g-ap2