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Per un realismo critico. Rileggendo Hobbes e Schmitt
No full textIntroduzione al dibattito "Costituzione, realismo politico, realismo critico", in Lettere AIC n. 8/202
A convergence of executive management styles? new elements of comparison
No full textWe compare the Italian Directors General and Canadian Deputy Ministers’ use of time during their average work week using a survey instrument and propose a four-fold categorization of managerial styles. We find that the activities of top executives in the two countries differ, but not dramatically. In particular, we find a very close match in time devoted to ‘administrative’ tasks and confirm that, in general, these executives have relatively limited time for strategic and long-term planning. The data suggest that ‘relational’ approaches, which focus on connecting to the personnel of the organization, appear important in how top administrative executives shape their work
Speciation and structural transformation of a VV–malate complex in the absence and in the presence of a protein: from a dinuclear species to decavanadate
No full textA strategy for the development of new vanadium-based drugs is the preparation of complexes that target proteins and bear molecules involved in the cellular metabolism as ligands, like alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids. Based on these premises, this study explores the solution behaviour of the dioxidovanadium(V) complex of malic acid, Cs2[VV2O4(mal)2]2H2O, and its interaction with the model protein lysozyme (HEWL) at room and at physiological temperature using 51V nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and X-ray crystallography. The results show the coexistence in aqueous solution of various molecular species containing two or ten VV centres. In solution these species are formed regardless of the presence of HEWL, while at 37 degrees C the formation of [VV10O28]6- (V10) is precluded when the protein is present. Crystallographic data reveal that, when protein crystals are incubated with the V compound at room temperature (25 degrees C) and at pH 4.0, [VIVO]2+, [VV2O5(mal)]2-, [VV10O26]2- and [VV10O28]6- are bound to the protein, while at 37 degrees C, under the same conditions, only [VIVO]2+ interacts with HEWL. [VV10O28]6- can bind the protein both covalently (as [VV10O26]2- ion) and non-covalently. Whereas the transformation of [VV2O4(mal)2]2- to [VV2O5(mal)]2- is expected on the basis of thermodynamic considerations, the formation of V10 and of the V10-HEWL adduct is not easily predictable. Docking calculations confirm the experimental results and highlight the role of protein-protein interaction in the stabilization of the revealed adduct. This study demonstrates that vanadium compounds can undergo transformation in solution, giving rise to species that interact with proteins through several binding modes and stabilization mechanisms
The Effects of Aging and Cognition on Gait Coordination Analyzed Through a Network Analysis Approach
No full textBackground/Objectives: Walking coordination is crucial for maintaining independence and quality of life, but it is significantly affected by aging and cognitive decline. This study investigates how age and cognitive status relate to lower limb coordination during gait, using a network-based analysis of joint kinematics. Methods: Fifty-six healthy participants (31–82 years old) underwent gait analysis with a stereophotogrammetric system and cognitive assessment through standardized neuropsychological tests. Kinematic data were processed to build “kinectomes”, representing the inter-joint coordination across the gait cycle. Results: The results showed that the mean lower limb coordination on the sagittal plane negatively correlated with age and positively with cognitive performance. Detailed analysis revealed that age-related declines in coordination were primarily driven by reduced synchronization at the knees, while cognitive status was associated with overall coordination rather than joint-specific changes. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the knees’ critical role in preserving gait coordination with aging and underline the involvement of cognitive aspects in global coordination mechanisms. In summary, our network-based approach provides a refined perspective on gait dynamics, highlighting the relationship between coordination and both age and cognition
Unveiling the impact of simulated microgravity on HSV-1 infection, neuroinflammation, and endogenous retroviral activation in SH-SY5Y cells
No full textMicrogravity (μg) during spaceflight affects cellular and molecular functions of both human cells and microbial pathogens, influencing viral replication and the host immune system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of simulated μg on Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) replication, host pro-inflammatory cytokine, and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) activation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our results show that μg has a negative impact on HSV-1 replication, leading to significantly reduced viral titers and lower expression levels of HSV-1 early genes (ICP0, ICP4, and ICP27) compared to 1 gravity (1 g) conditions. Interestingly, despite lower viral titers and HSV-1 gene expressions under μg condition, we observed higher levels of HERVs and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. In addition, there was a significant correlation between HSV-1 immediate-early genes with HERVs and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, with stronger correlations observed under μg conditions. Taken together, μg reduces HSV-1 replication and increases host pro-inflammatory and HERVs gene expression, which demands further investigation for human health protection in space
Management of Dental Demineralization in a Patient with Complex Medical Conditions: A Case Report and Clinical Outcomes
No full textBackground and Clinical Significance: Dental demineralization is a multifactorial process influenced by biofilm activity, diet, and systemic conditions. While gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is known for its role in enamel erosion, its contribution to cariogenic processes remains underexplored. Additionally, Brugada syndrome, a genetic arrhythmia disorder, may indirectly affect oral health due to medical complexities and reduced motivation for dental care. This case highlights the management of extensive mineral loss in a patient with GERD and Brugada syndrome, emphasizing the importance of personalized remineralization strategies and interdisciplinary collaboration. Case Presentation: A 27-year-old male with Brugada syndrome, treated with a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD), presented with widespread enamel demineralization, multiple active carious lesions, and gingival inflammation. Clinical evaluation revealed a high DMFT index (15), significant plaque accumulation, and an oral pH of 5.8, indicating an elevated risk of mineral loss. Poor hygiene habits, frequent sugar intake, and GERD-related acid exposure contributed to his condition. The therapeutic approach included patient education, fluoride-functionalized hydroxyapatite toothpaste and mousse, dietary modifications, and restorative procedures. After 120 days, improvements included enhanced enamel integrity, a reduction in plaque index (from 50% to 25%), and the resolution of gingival inflammation (BOP: 38% to 12%). Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of an integrated approach to managing dental demineralization in patients with systemic conditions. The combination of remineralization therapy, behavioral modifications, and structured follow-up yielded significant clinical benefits. Further research is needed to develop standardized protocols for individuals at high risk due to systemic factors affecting oral health
Formation of Mixed‐Valence Cage‐Like Polyoxidovanadates at 37°C Upon Reaction of VIVO(acetylacetonato)2 With Lysozyme
No full textCrystals of the model protein lysozyme were grown and soaked with the potential drug VIVO(acetylacetonato)2 at 37°C. X-ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data collected at this temperature reveal that mixed-valence cage-like polyoxidovanadate clusters are formed and covalently bind protein residue side chains at physiological temperature
Chemo-conization in Early-sTage cERvical caNcer >2 cm scheduled for fertilItY-sparing approach: an analysis of the ETERNITY project
No full textObjective: To investigate the safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and conization in early-stage cervical cancer with a tumor size >2 cm using a fertility-sparing approach. Methods: The ETERNITY project is a retrospective, multi-institutional study that collected data from patients with early-stage cervical cancer undergoing fertility-sparing treatment. In the present study, we report the outcomes of stage IB2 to IB3 cervical cancer undergoing nodal assessment, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and conization. A propensity-matching algorithm was used to compare patients who underwent upfront radical surgery. Results: A total of 395 patients were included in the ETERNITY project. Among these, 25 underwent a fertility-sparing attempt with nodal assessment, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and conization. The median (range) patient age was 37 (24-41) years. Four (16%) patients with positive nodes required definitive chemo-radiation. Twenty-one (84%) patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Two (8%) patients with stable disease underwent radical hysterectomy, whereas the remaining 19 (76%) patients who achieved a clinical response underwent cervical conization. Three (12%) patients underwent radical hysterectomy owing to persistent positive margins, leaving 16 (64%) patients who completed the planned fertility-sparing attempt. After a median (range) follow-up of 36.2 (21.9-88) months, 3 recurrences occurred. Two patients with cervical recurrence underwent hysterectomy, while 1 patient who received definitive chemoradiotherapy owing to the presence of positive nodes developed distant recurrence. Regarding obstetric outcomes, 6 patients attempted to conceive, and 4 (66.7%) pregnancies were achieved (1 was achieved with assisted reproductive technology). In a propensity-matched group of patients who underwent upfront radical surgery, no differences in morbidity or survival rates were recorded. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by conization should be investigated in selected patients with cervical cancer who wish to preserve their childbearing potential. Further prospective studies are needed to assess the long-term safety and identify predictors of response. Clinical trial identifier: NCT06351228
Aligning EU policies to address biological invasions: assessing invasion impacts across sectors
No full textInvasive alien species (IAS) affect various policy sectors, including environment, trade, and agriculture. In Europe, each of these sectors is usually regulated under different European Union legislation, but IAS is not prioritised in most sectors, and this may hinder effective tackling of biological invasions. Greater policy coherence is needed to align relevant sectors for better management of biological invasions. Engaging policymakers by sharing information on IAS impacts can help them understand the multisectoral nature of the problem and develop effective strategies.
We reviewed 602 IAS in Europe, impacting nine policy sectors and 25 domains (i.e. specific policies within a broader policy sector, each addressing particular issues and activities related to that sector portfolio). Findings were presented at the NeoBiota workshop in Lisbon on the 3rd of September 2024, attended by 54 participants, including policymakers and researchers. The workshop featured presentations and interactive sessions where participants tested the review methodology on 49 species, identifying areas for improvement, such as assessing impact scale and refining sector domains. Confusion matrices showed moderate to substantial agreement between organisers and participants in evaluating affected domains, types of impact, and confidence levels.
This study shows the crucial need for interaction and synergy between research and policy, which are essential for tackling effectively IAS in Europe
Postsurgical Pyoderma Gangrenosum in Breast Surgery: An Updated Systematic Review, Takeaways, and the 6 Commandments
No full textPostsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum (PSPG) is a rare and under-recognized inflammatory dermatosis that can develop after surgery. When it occurs following breast procedures, its clinical presentation often mimics surgical-site infection or necrosis, leading to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment, with potentially severe aesthetic and functional consequences. In this study, the authors aim to update the literature on PSPG following reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery and provide clinicians with practical tools for early recognition and management, including clinical red flags, a diagnostic framework, and therapeutic guidelines. A systematic review was conducted in March 2025 according to PRISMA guidelines, updating the work of Ehrl et al by including studies published from 2017 onward. Data from 65 new cases were extracted and analyzed descriptively. The authors also report 3 institutional cases and 1 case of recurrence to provide additional clinical insight. A total of 65 new PSPG cases were identified across 45 studies, for a cumulative total of 152. Reduction mammoplasty was the most frequent surgical trigger. The condition involved multiple sites in 71.4% of combined breast-abdominal procedures. Pain was the most common symptom (86.2%), and the nipple-areola complex (NAC) was spared in 80.7% of cases. C-reactive protein (CRP) was often elevated (>200 mg/L), and microbiological cultures were negative in 76.9% of cases. Systemic corticosteroids were the most effective treatment. Mean healing time was 4.5 months; surgical reconstruction was needed in 29% of the cases. PSPG remains a diagnostic challenge with significant consequences if unrecognized. Key clues include exaggerated postoperative pain, NAC sparing, elevated CRP, and poor response to antibiotics. In this study, the authors propose a practical flowchart and summarize 6 core management principles. Preoperative counseling and informed consent, particularly in reduction mammoplasty, should include this rare but serious complication. Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic