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Career Chinese: Bridging the Gaps for Success
No full texthttps://scholarworks.wmich.edu/open_books/1003/thumbnail.jp
Moving Toward Neurodiversity-Affirming Occupational Therapy for Autistic People: Key Questions and Next Steps
Get PDFWith the rise in popularity of neurodiversity-affirming practices in occupational therapy, specifically with the autistic population, there is a need to establish a more robust theoretical underpinning for this work. A neurodiversity framework is different from the prevailing medical model that informs current practice in much of Westernized health care, and interested occupational therapists are now asking questions about how to apply it to their work. Occupational science is well-suited to generate research outside the medical model that can serve as a basic science foundation to inform practice. The purpose of this Opinions in the Profession paper is to suggest three needed areas of research in occupational science, to address occupational therapists’ unanswered questions regarding (a) autistics’ preferred methods of participation, (b) experiences of occupational injustice, and (c) the impact of autistic neurology on occupational engagement. These opinions are based on our experiences as both autistic and non-autistic occupational scientists and occupational therapists working with the autistic population. While these are not comprehensive, they serve as a starting point for identifying opportunities to move the profession toward neurodiversity-affirming standards of care. As we move forward, we stress the need to continue prioritizing research based on autistic input and under autistic leadership
Preventing Musculoskeletal Disorders in Navajo Weavers
Get PDFThe Navajo Nation is one of the many reservations that lack access to health care services, leading to increasing chronic health conditions. Navajo rug weaving is a common creative occupation on the reservation. Navajo rug weaving involves multiple steps in creating a beautiful rug. The multiple steps include repetitive gripping, pinching, reaching, pulling, and prolonged sitting. Therefore, weavers are at risk for developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), preventing individuals from participating in meaningful occupations. Occupational therapists have the skills to provide appropriate education through active listening, visual handouts, and family members. However, occupational therapists must demonstrate and understand cultural sensitivity to address cultural occupations. This article will provide strategies for modeling understanding of the Navajo people, Diné, and rug weaving
Disability Representations and Portrayals in Picture Books With the Coretta Scott King Award
Get PDFThis study analyzed how people with disabilities are portrayed in picture books with the Coretta Scott King Award (CSKA) to address the intersectionality of African/African American racial identity and disabilities. Disability critical race theory was foundational for this study. The pool of 134 picture books that received the CSKA from 1971 to 2020 was used as the data for the systematic content analysis. For analysis, the researchers utilized a qualitative approach that guided axial coding and selective coding in looking for emerging themes. They found that 13 picture books portrayed African/African American characters with disabilities. The majority of these books did not necessarily emphasize the disabilities of these characters. When focusing on other dimensions of identity such as gender, age, disability type, and so on, the researchers found underrepresentation, invisibility, and marginalization issues, which led them to discussions of power relations. This study calls for future studies that can discover more portrayals of African/African American people with disabilities and that can deepen scholarly discussions about their representation in children’s literature
The Relationship Between Holistic Admissions Criteria and Program Ranking Among Occupational Therapy Entry-Level Programs
Get PDFHolistic admissions criteria are one strategy to be more inclusive of students with a variety of experiences, cultures, and beliefs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between holistic admissions criteria and occupational therapy program ranking. We used a retrospective cross-sectional cohort descriptive study design of occupational therapy programs in the United States to understand whether top performing programs employ holistic admissions criteria. Secondary descriptive analysis from the top and bottom 50 ranked occupational therapy programs in 2020 U.S. News & World Report (Morse et al., 2020) was completed. We used a nominal scale to classify programs into two groups based on use of holistic measures. Overall, 54.95% (n = 61) of the programs used holistic admissions criteria. Of these, 36 were among the top 50 ranked programs, and 25 were among the bottom 50 ranked schools. Occupational therapy programs using holistic admissions criteria were not statistically different from the programs that did not use holistic admissions criteria on their overall ranking (χ2 = 0.55, p = 0.46). The bottom- and top-ranked programs were not statistically different regarding use of holistic admissions criteria, which suggests that implementation of holistic admission criteria is not associated with program ranking. Therefore, this research should encourage universities to implement holistic admissions criteria, as it is not associated with lowered program ranking, but has been associated with increasing both diversity and academic performance in other health professional programs (Glazer et al., 2014; Witzburg & Sondheimer, 2013; Price & Mills, 2010)
Monastic Ecopoetics in the Thirteenth-Century Fens: Henry de Avranches\u27 Vita Guthlaci
No full textThis article argues that Henry of Avranches’ thirteenth-century Anglo-Latin Life of St Guthlac is shaped by two (curiously intertwined) factors: the first is the monastic desires of Crowland Abbey, the religious community which placed Guthlac at its institutional center; the second is the actualities and particularities of the fenland landscape -- that fertile and shifting environment in which Guthlac, as well as the Crowland monks, lived out their spiritual lives. Henry’s text is ecopoetic in the sense that it is attuned to the material reality of Crowland’s environs: the fens’ mutability and miraculous resources are a key part of its literary arsenal. However, Henry’s ecopoetics is simultaneously hedged-in by its monastic contouring: the desire to present Crowland as a special community whose rights to the land trumped those of secular actors. Responding to the needs of his Crowland patrons, Henry therefore transforms Guthlac’s watery legacy by employing a specifically monastic ecopoetics
Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Inventory of Reading Occupations-Adult into Filipino and its Content Validation
Get PDFBackground: Adult functional literacy ensures adequate and safe engagement in daily activities. It is assessed through the Inventory of Reading Occupations-Adult (IRO-A). The instrument underwent translation with cultural adaptation and content validation to ensure relevance to the Filipino context.
Method: The translation and cultural adaptation of the IRO-A to Filipino (Fil IRO-A) was guided by the process proposed by two international guidelines for cross-cultural adaptations that involves (a) forward translation and synthesis, (b) back translation, and (c) pre-panel review of the adaptation to the Filipino context. The Fil IRO-A also underwent content validation by seven experts. Item and scale content validity indices (I-CVI/S-CVI) were calculated. Qualitative feedback was summarized.
Results: Eighteen out of the 22 items were further revised after the initial translation to consider the original construct, appropriateness to the Filipino culture, and comprehensibility to the target audience. Content experts rated 15 items (68%) as acceptable to highly relevant and seven items (32%) as less relevant. The probability of chance agreement for most of the items is small (.008 – 0.164). Nineteen of the 22 items were good to excellent using the kappa values. No items were discarded. Nine were retained while 13 were further revised.
Conclusion: Experts agree that the Filipino IRO-A is valid for assessing the functional literacy of Filipino adults. Further validation study is needed to assess its use in determining reading participation
Perspectives on Adaptation in a Stroke Self-Management Program: A Multiple Case Study
Get PDFBackground: Occupational Adaptation occurs when a person develops a response to meet an occupational challenge. This process is disrupted when a person experiences a life altering event, such as stroke. Stroke self-management programs equip persons with stroke with education and skills to manage the daily tasks associated with their condition. Few studies have explored the adaptive process survivors experience as they seek to effectively use the tools provided through stroke self-management programs. The objective was to explore the adaptive process of three individuals following participation in a stroke self-management program.
Method: A multiple case study design was used. Three participants completed an interview focused on their adaptive experiences as they learned to self-manage personal stroke risk factors. Each case study interview was analyzed to identify themes across cases.
Results: Four themes were identified: (a) knowledge acquisition to generate an adaptive response, (b) behavioral change and adjustment in routines, (c) increased proactivity and personal responsibility and, (d) vvaluating the adaptive response-Physiological and emotional changes in health.
Conclusion: The participants’ increased awareness and understanding of personal stroke risk factors facilitated the adaptive process, which resulted in increased efficiency, effectiveness, satisfaction, and engagement in health promoting behavior to self-manage their stroke condition
