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California Dreaming
No full textBACKGROUND <br>In 2009, the researcher was commissioned to design two duplex residences in Launceston, Tasmania. The work contributes to Architectural Design, specifically the adaptation of Australian suburban residential typologies for evolving urban environments. The project adds to areas of research that have been explored by NMBW & Atelier BowWow, in their examination of typological information within existing built environments and C M Lee/Series Architects’ exploration of serial adaptation of typological models.<br>CONTRIBUTION<br>California Dreaming is a project by the researcher Ben Milbourne, with Evie Blackman, as the duo behind Bild Architecture. The research challenge addressed in this project was the identification of typological traits within an established built environment, development of a design technique for adapting this information and judgement of the degree of transformation of the identified information for a new designed work. The project context characterised by inter-war ‘California Bungalow’ type housing was mapped and catalogued. The identified formal language was adapted to the specific project conditions; sheering the floor plate vertically to minimise cut and fill, slipping it horizontally to address the street crossover and provide northern oriented open spaces, and finally wrapping the signature double-gable roof form around the building to optimise passive solar benefits. Judgement of the degree of transformation rested in the threshold of legibility of the familial relationship between the new building and the existing built context, tested through perspective photomontage. <br>SIGNIFICANCE<br>The project was reviewed by Michelle Galindo and published in ‘Bungalow: Masterpieces Architecture + Design’ by Baun, Switzerland (2013), which notes “this residence represents how Australian suburban typologies can be adapted to contemporary housing requirements”. The project was also published ‘Utilisation: creative home space design’, by SendPoint Publishing, Hong Kong (2012), and featured in the local press, appearing in the Sunday Tasmania Newspaper (22nd April, 2012)
Shacky
No full textBACKGROUND: 'Shacky' is an architectural design research project by Paul Minifie and Jan van Schaik, conducted through their architectural practice Minifie van Schaik (MvS). The project involved the design and construction of a 6x2.5-metre shack near Euroa in northern Victoria. It was designed for an initiative called 'Shacky', which aims to build 16m² 'tiny houses' on farms across Victoria as rental accommodation for holiday makers interested in off-the-grid living. CONTRIBUTION: Minifie and van Schaik's 'Shacky' was designed to be an extension of the landscape and to provide an immersive experience of the country. It was constructed from all-Australian materials such as local timber and corrugated iron, and fitted with a 'starry ceiling' and composting toilet. As a study in sustainability, Shacky leaves very little carbon footprint and is completely solar powered. The structure was prefabricated in a factory, which makes Shacky a reliable model for mass production. Prefabrication allows the architect to test ways it could be applied to not-so-tiny-scale domestic construction. For van Schaik, who has been doing work in different parts of regional Victoria, the project is also part of his continuing investigations into how architecture can be used to elevate the value of regional areas. Shacky is part of the tiny house movement - a global social movement that recognises the benefits of downsizing our living spaces and consumption. This project extends Minifie and van Schaik's experimentation with projects that include extensive interpretive content with environmental and ecological themes. SIGNIFICANCE: 'Shacky' has been very well-received and was reviewed in Architecture Australia, the national magazine of the Australian Institute of Architects. It was also profiled in the Australian Design Review and Green magazine. It also featured extensively in popular news outlets online such as Domain, Broadsheet and Gastrology.co and TimeOut magazine
Glow St Kilda
No full textBACKGROUND: 'Glow' St Kilda was a site-specific public art installation that examined how temporary public spatial works can contribute to conversations about the spaces around us. Tania Davidge and Christine Phillips produced the work through their practice OpenHAUS. The work created a new place from existing elements within an urban laneway, highlighting a space for occupation, inviting people to step inside and take notice of spaces they might otherwise pass by. This manifested as a light sculpture inserted into the laneway space. In addition, a children's workshop was held at the St Kilda Veg Out Community Gardens that invited children to re-imagine the laneway and propose their own ideas. The work was thus an artistic catalyst that prompted a range of audiences to see a public space from another perspective. CONTRIBUTION: While it was a temporary architectural work, 'Glow' also fits into a field of public art interested in taking art out the gallery and into the public realm. Like Australian artists Callum Morton, Pat Foster and Jen Berean, the work contributes to broader artistic conversations about engaging with everyday spaces and how we experience them. In line with the theories of Bartlett Vice-Dean and urban commentator, Iain Borden, 'Glow' extends this practice from an architectural perspective. Unlike Borden's writing that focuses on existing built environments, Davidge and Phillips' research practice rethinks and transforms existing spaces. While there are many artists working within this domain, there are few architects contributing to this field who can build upon the research from an alternate perspective. SIGNIFICANCE: The work was funded through a competitive grant of $6k from the City of Port Philip Council through its Cultural Development Program and formed part of the 2017 Melbourne Fringe Festival. It was peer reviewed and published in the nation's premier architectural journal Architecture AU
The Panopticon House
No full textBACKGROUND <br>In 2014, the researcher was commissioned to design a house at Cape Otway, Victoria. The work contributes to Architectural Design, specifically the adaptation of Australian rural vernacular building typologies for contemporary dwellings. The project contributes to areas of research that have been explored by NMBW & Atelier Bow Wow, in their examination of typological information within existing built environments and Christopher Lee/Series Architects’ exploration of serial adaptation of typological models.<br>CONTRIBUTION<br>The research challenge addressed in this project was the identification of typological traits from structures surrounding the site, the development of a design technique for adapting this information and in the judgement of the degree of transformation for a new designed work. The local vernacular of the rural shed was identified and mapped within the surrounding landscape. The formal language of the project was developed via a parametric model in which folding of the roof plane produced the appearance of an aggregation of shed forms. These folds range in size between 6-12 meters wide and between 20-30 degrees in pitch, consistent with the observed shed typology enabling recognition of this typological information while transforming it through aggregation into a novel condition. Judgement in this process seeks a tipping point between recognition of the identified typological condition and the entirely novel or unknown; identified through iterative perspective study of the parametric model.<br>SIGNIFICANCE<br>The project was reviewed by Prof. Leon van Schaik, a leading international critic of architecture and subsequently published in Houses Magazine (Issue 120). The project was selected as a finalist in the 2018 World Architecture Festival Awards (Villa Category). The project was also published in The Age newspaper (July 6th 2018) and is scheduled to be featured on national television (Better Homes and Gardens, Chanel 7) in early 2020
Involuntary Soundings
No full textBACKGROUND: 'Involuntary Soundings' was an experimental project by Boyarsky Murphy Architects (the studio practice of Nicholas Boyarsky). While renovating a London terrace house, the architects removed much of the floor space of the upper levels, and formed a three storey void space in which a splayed cantilevered staircase in a single flight was created. Each tread was formed from an oak tray that sat on two rectangular steel sections that were welded to a steel plate that was in turn welded to a web of larger steel members that were fixed to the brick party wall. The unintended consequence of this was the creation of an extraordinary instrument that transmitted sounds through the party wall and along the terrace whenever anyone walked up or down the stairs. It became a huge acoustic resonator, or tuning fork, to probe and tune the terrace houses so that conversations could take place at perfect pitch between them. CONTRIBUTION: This project demonstrates Boyarsky's expanded practice of architecture, and the concept of 'fitting' which provides a framework to intervene in an existing building with design methodologies that are flexible and semi-automatic. The project extends Boyarsky's ongoing research and practice into the tactics of play in architecture, including role playing and risk taking, the breaking of the rules and conventions of design, and the value of ambiguity and the uncanny. SIGNIFICANCE: The significance of this work is evidenced by its inclusion in the Sounding Architecture exhibition which featured installations and performances of architecture and music by invited practitioners. Curated by Thomas Tsang, the exhibition was part of the Main Exhibition at the Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism/Architecture (UABB), co-organised by the two neighbouring cities of Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Over a 3-month period, the Biennale received more than 550,000 visitors, with over 300,000 visitors at the Main Exhibition
Hypnapod
No full textBackground: Hypnapod is an ongoing interdisciplinary art and design experiment by the Unconscious Collective. The project was conceived in 2015 by David Patman and Michelle Boyde (the Unconscious Collective) and has evolved from initial prototyping through to lab testing and live events. Hypnapod aims to investigate somatic connections between people and how living beings synchronise behaviour through non-verbal biological processes. <br><br>Contribution: A range of soft hanging cardiophonic knitted pods were designed to encourage relaxation and increase awareness of bodily processes and interconnections between people, exploring practices of ‘crowd snoozing’ and cybernetics. I was invited to collaborate with Unconscious Collective to design and develop a series of 3d knitted pods. The pods were seamlessly knitted providing a soft and flexible space balancing the need for strength, contour and comfort. The prototyping involved exploring materials, 3d shaping techniques, stitch structures, and concealed pockets to integrate the electronic components. This work informs my ongoing research into advanced digital fabrication processes associated with seamless 3d knitted form building for non-standard applications. It extends previous work developed from the Glow project (2012-4) and Dermoid III (2012-3). <br><br>Significance: The project has been assisted through the Australia Council, Arts Tasmania, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, the Detached Cultural Organisation and MPavilion through the Naomi Milgrim Foundation. It was presented MPavilion (February 2017) as part of the cultural program of events and was reviewed in the Guardian, Australia edition; MONA FOMA (January 2018) at QVMAG, Launceston and Brooke Street Pier, Hobart; and Monash MPavilion (September 2019)
Yagan Square
No full textBACKGROUND: This research investigates the design of civic spaces that fulfil a symbolic function. Reflecting a commitment to reconciliation within the design community and government, the research sought to ‘…shape a particular form of civic urbanism that questioned notions of collectiveness and informality, and opens up new strategies for acknowledging a past and continuing Indigenous presence' (Walliss and Bennetts).<br>CONTRIBUTION: Yagan Square is a significant civic space designed by Lyons Architects (studio practice of Carey Lyon) in collaboration with Iredale Pedersen Hook (studio practice of Martyn Hook), ASPECT Studios (landscape design) and Paul Carter (façade). It was named after a Noongar man who resisted colonisation and was beheaded for his struggles. Delivered in collaboration with the Whadjuk Working Party, the project extends the researchers’ ongoing practice in creating built works that are culturally and environmentally specific, demonstrating their continuing contribution to innovative Australian civic architecture. <br>SIGNIFICANCE: Yagan Square is a project of the state government and was delivered by the Metropolitan Redevelopment Authority, with a final cost of $73.5 million. Referred to as the new 'heart of Perth' by Western Australia Premier Mark McGowan, the inner-city square was opened to the public in March 2018 after 10 years in planning. It was awarded the Western Australian Urban Development Industry Association (UDIA) Award for Excellence in Urban Renewal. The Awards program is one of WA's most prestigious industry awards, celebrating best practice, innovation and high-quality developments. Yagan Square has been extensively reviewed by architectural and landscape architecture communities
Data from: Correlated evolution between colouration and ambush site in predators with visual prey lures
No full textThe evolution of a visual signal will be affected by signaller and receiver behaviour, and by the physical properties of the environment where the signal is displayed. Crab spiders are typical sit-and-wait predators found in diverse ambush sites, such as tree bark, foliage and flowers. Some of the flower-dweller species present a UV+-white visual lure that makes them conspicuous and attractive to their prey. We hypothesised that UV+-white colouration was associated with the evolution of a flower-dwelling habit. In addition, following up on results from a previous study we tested whether the UV+-white colouration evolved predominantly in flower-dwelling species occurring in Australia. We measured the reflectance of 1149 specimens from 66 species collected in Australia and Europe, reconstructed a crab spider phylogeny, and applied phylogenetic comparative methods to test our hypotheses. We found that the flower-dwelling habit evolved independently multiple times, and that this trait was correlated with the evolution of the UV+-white colouration. However, outside Australia non-flower-dwelling crab spiders also express a UV+-white colouration. Therefore, UV+-white reflectance is probably a recurring adaptation of some flower-dwellers for attracting pollinators, although it may have other functions in non-flower-dwellers, such as camouflage.<br><br><h3>Usage Notes</h3><br>Sampled trees from the Bayesian analysisRandomly sampled phylogenetic trees from the posterior distribution returned from the Bayesian phylogenetic inference ran in MrBayes 3.2.2. Sampled 100 trees from each one of four independent searches in MrBayes, in a total of 400 trees. Trees have been ultrametricised and pruned.bayes.trees.pruned.nexBayesian phylogenetic analysisResults from the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis ran in MrBayes 3.2.2. Four independent searches with three heated chains and one cold chain each. Default MrBayes’ priors. Searches initiated with random trees. Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations (MCMC) were run for 10 million iterations and trees sampled every 10,000 iterations.Bayes.zipReflectance dataSpecimen reflectance data. The first column shows wavelength (nm) values. Each one of the following columns represents the average reflectance value (%) of five measurements of one specimen. Reflectance values have been smoothed (R function 'smooth.spline' with argument 'spar'=0.7), and negative values converted to zero. Column names indicate taxon names. More detail can be found in 'specimen data.csv' file.spec.files.csvSpecimen dataSpecimen data. Columns: (1) SEQ = sequential row numbers; (2) ID = researcher’s specimen identification number; (3) Clade = taxon name; (4) family = spider taxonomic family; (5) country = country of specimen collection; (6) spectrum_file_name = reflectance data file name, same as in 'spec.files.csv' file.specimen data.csvConsensus tree from the Bayesian analysisMajority rule consensus tree returned from the Bayesian analysis ran in MrBayes 3.2.2.Tree FULL.nexPhylogenetic tree dataPhylogenetic tree data. Columns: (1) taxon = phylogenetic tree tip labels; (2) flw.categ = flower dwelling habit, either a flower-dweller (FLW) or a non-flower dweller (NOFLW); (3) biog_reg = region of collection, either collected in Australia or in Europe plus Malaysia; (4) sample.size = reflectance data sample sizes.tree.data.csvPhylogenetic treePhylogenetic tree. Majority rule consensus tree from the Bayesian analysis ultrametricised and pruned. See file 'tree FULL.nex' for the original tree.tree.pruned.nexFlower-dwelling habit of ThomisidaeNumber and percentage of individuals per taxon collected directly on flowers (flower) and number individuals collected on other substratum or using a sweepnet (non-flower).ESM Table 2.xls
Data from: Cultural traditions across a migratory network shape the genetic structure of southern right whales around Australia and New Zealand
No full textFidelity to migratory destinations is an important driver of connectivity in marine and avian species. Here we assess the role of maternally directed learning of migratory habitats, or migratory culture, on the population structure of the endangered Australian and New Zealand southern right whale. Using DNA profiles, comprising mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes (500 bp), microsatellite genotypes (17 loci) and sex from 128 individually-identified whales, we find significant differentiation among winter calving grounds based on both mtDNA haplotype (FST = 0.048, ΦST = 0.109, p < 0.01) and microsatellite allele frequencies (FST = 0.008, p < 0.01), consistent with long-term fidelity to calving areas. However, most genetic comparisons of calving grounds and migratory corridors were not significant, supporting the idea that whales from different calving grounds mix in migratory corridors. Furthermore, we find a significant relationship between δ13C stable isotope profiles of 66 Australian southern right whales, a proxy for feeding ground location, and both mtDNA haplotypes and kinship inferred from microsatellite-based estimators of relatedness. This indicates migratory culture may influence genetic structure on feeding grounds. This fidelity to migratory destinations is likely to influence population recovery, as long-term estimates of historical abundance derived from estimates of genetic diversity indicate the South Pacific calving grounds remain at <10% of pre-whaling abundance.<br><br><h3>Usage Notes</h3><br>Australian right whale microsatellite and stable isotope dataThis file contains the sampling location and state, mtDNA haplotype, sex, stable isotope and multi-locus microsatellite genotype data for Australian southern right whale samples used in the study.SREP16182_SRWdata_Archive.xlsxComparing_stable_isotope&genetic_similarity_filesDryad Archive for SREP16182: SI_SRW_data.zip. This zip file contains: 1 - Files of estimates of pairwise relatedness generated from microsatellite loci in SREP16182_SRWdata_Archive in the program COANCESTRY, using the kinship estimators of Lynch & Ritland 1999 (Lynch&Ritland_relatedness.txt) and Ritland 1996 (Ritland_relatedness.txt). 2 – Files of sample stable isotope values for both d13C (Sample_dC.txt) and d15N (Sample_dN.txt), as well as pairwise similarities of d13C calculated using Euclidean distance in program GENODIVE (dC_euclidean_correct_names.gdv). 3 – A file that includes d13C, d15N, mtDNA, sampling location and sex ID data for the samples used in the GLM work (SI_data_Aus_SRWtxt.txt) 4 – R code for (1) running the comparison of similarities between d13C and microsatellite-based kinship estimators and (2) running GLMs on d13C data, with mtDNA, sex and sampling state as potential explanatory factors. R code is annotated so it can be easily run if the files are placed in the appropriate files and required packages are downloaded.SI_SRW_data.zi
Data from: Dealing with uncertainty in landscape genetic resistance models: a case of three co-occurring marsupials
No full textLandscape genetics lacks explicit methods for dealing with the uncertainty in landscape resistance estimation, which is particularly problematic when sample sizes of individuals are small. Unless uncertainty can be quantified, valuable but small datasets may be rendered unusable for conservation purposes. We offer a method to quantify uncertainty in landscape resistance estimates using multi-model inference as an improvement over single-model based inference. We illustrate the approach empirically using co-occurring, woodland-preferring Australian marsupials within a common study area: two arboreal gliders (Petaurus breviceps, and Petaurus norfolcensis) and one ground-dwelling Antechinus (Antechinus flavipes). First, we use maximum-likelihood and a bootstrap procedure to identify the best-supported isolation by resistance (IBR) model out of 56 models defined by linear and non-linear resistance functions. We then quantify uncertainty in resistance estimates by examining parameter selection probabilities from the bootstrapped data. The selection probabilities provide estimates of uncertainty in the parameters that drive the relationships between landscape features and resistance. We then validate our method for quantifying uncertainty using simulated genetic and landscape data showing that for most parameter combinations it provides sensible estimates of uncertainty. We conclude that small datasets can be informative in landscape genetic analyses provided uncertainty can be explicitly quantified. Being explicit about uncertainty in landscape genetic models will make results more interpretable and useful for conservation decision-making, where dealing with uncertainty is critical.<br><br><h3>Usage Notes</h3><br>P_norf_coordsSample coordinates for P. norfolcensis in latitude and longitudeRoussets_matrix_P. brevGenetic distance matrix for P. breviceps (Roussets' a)Roussets_matrix_P.norfGenetic distance matrix for P. norfolcensis (Rousset's a)A.flav_GenepopInputMicrosatellite datafile in genepop format - A.flavipesP.brev_GenepopInputMicrosatellite datafile in genepop format - P.brevicepsP.norf_GenepopInputMicrosatellite datafile in genepop format - P.norfolcensismakeFPCrastersR code to make raster files for %FPC for resistance calculationmakeFPCLCrastersR code to make rasterfiles for %FPC+LC for resistance modelingA.flav_coordsSample geographic coordinates for A. flavipesPbrev_coordsSample geographic coordinates for P. brevicepsA.flav_sample_dataSample and site information including morphological measurements, sampling date and sex for A. flavipes.P.brev_sample_dataSample and site information including morphological measurements, sampling date and sex for P. breviceps.P.norf_sample_dataSample and site information including morphological measurements, sampling date and sex for P. norfolcensis.Roussets_matrix_A.flavRoussets a genetic distance matrix for A. flavipesA.flav_microsatDataMicrosatellite dataset for A. flavipesP. norfolcensis_microsatDataMicrosatellite dataset for P. norfolcensisP.brev_microsatDataMicrosatellite dataset for P. brevicepsdata_set_upR code for constructing fractal landscapes for the simulations.functionsR functions for constructing resistance surfacesgrid_searchR Code for conducting the grid search approach for estimating resistance parametersoptim_searchR code for conducting the optimisation search method for estimating landscape resistance parameters.simulation_scrip