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WAMSI 2 - Dredging Node - Project 5.5.1 - Defining thresholds and indicators of primary producers - Seagrass pressure-response relationships - Experiment 1
No full textStatement: This experiment is one of two core experiments for the project (along with the sediment deposition experiment - #3). This experiment will provide the critical information on the pressure:response relationships of the two seagrass species to light reductions, as well as their capacity for recovery. Seagrasses will be collected in the NW of Western Australia and transferred to Perth, as has been done previously by members of the research team. The plants will be established in large 'tanks' (approximately 0.75 x 5 m) with flowing seawater over a 1-2 months period.
Seagrasses will be grown in tanks for 1 month prior to each experiment. Multiple shoots or small cores will be planted into the corners of trays (0.25 x 0.6 m). The trays will be constructed from plastic mesh seedling trays with a cotton liner to retain a homogenised sediment. Up to 25 trays will be placed into a single large seawater tank using a randomized block or split plot design. At each sampling time, trays will be removed and sacrificed for measurements.
Plants will be subjected to one of three intensities of light reduction (control, moderate and high level of
reduction) for one of three durations (in the order of 1-6 months) in order to determine the effect of intensity and duration of light reductions. After the final duration, all shading will be removed and the plants will be monitored for a further 3 months to measure their capacity to recover from the previously imposed stress. Four replicate plots of each treatment combination will be established for each species.
Ideally, this experiment would have a fully orthogonal design. However, to do this would require an extraordinarily large number of mesocosms (in order of 1). Logistically this presents unsurmountable problems in terms of the space available, the costs of the units and the number of staff required to maintain so many units.
The only way to run an orthogonal design would require running the experiment sequentially for each species but this would result in the laboratory being unavailable for the subsequent experiments (2-5) and the project could not be completed within a three year period. Instead, we will employ a repeated measures design, whereby each treatment plot will be sampled repeatedly at each duration to determine the effects of the treatments.
Light will be supplied through banks of halogen and LED lamps set at a constant intensity and with shading screens (neutral density) to reduce the intensity at the plant canopy to the desired levels. The plants will be maintained at one of two temperatures, the median temperatures for the 'dry' and 'wet' seasons in NW Australia. Temperature will be maintained through a combination of ambient air temperature control in the laboratory and heating of the flowing seawater prior to its entry into the tanks.
At the beginning of the experiment and at each duration, a range of plant and 'meadow' variables will be measured in order to characterise the plants' responses to the pressures (see thumbnail picture). Plants will be sampled, processed and analysed using the methods described by Lavery et al. (2009), modified for the laboratory situation.<b>Credit</b><br/>Report Citation: Statton J, McMahon KM, McCallum R, Armstrong P, Dunham N, Strydom S, Kendrick GA, Lavery PS (2016). Determining light stress bio-indicators and thresholds for a tropical multi-species seagrass assemblage. Final Report for Project 5.5.1 of the WAMSI Dredging Science Node.Objectives of Project 5.5 are to:<br/>(1) determining the pressure:response relationships that relate the effects of dredging-generated sediments on tropical primary producers, <br/>(2) examine the pathways, rates and timeframes of recovery from impacts and; <br/>(3) identify and examine the effects of key environmental variables on the pressure:response relationships and recovery.<br/><br/>Specifically *Experiment 1* will be studying "Effect of different intensity, duration & timing of light reductions on seagrasses (Laboratory)"<br/><br/>Measurements included:<br/>Absorbancy Factors<br/>Biomass - Above ground mass (g DW per pot), Below ground mass (g DW per pot), Total plant mass (g DW per pot)<br/>Carbohydrates (%DW) and Starch (%DW)<br/>Growth & Morphology - leaf area (cm2), shoot density (per pot), Shoot production rate (shoots d-1)<br/>Nutrient & isotope data - Leaf ‰ 15 Nitrogen, Leaf ‰ 13 Carbon, Leaf Nitrogen (% DW) Leaf Carbon (% DW) Leaf Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (g g-1)<br/>Photosynthesis - Electron transport rate (um photons m-2 s-1), Alpha (um photons m-2 s-1), Half-saturating irradiance (um photons m-2 s-1)<br/>Pot Biomass - Pot mass (mass of all plants in a pot, g DW per pot)<br/><br/>Species studied included - Cymodocea serrulata and Halodule uninervi
2021 State of the Environment Report Marine Chapter – Expert Assessment – Pressure – Climate and system variability
No full textStatement: QUALITY OF DATA USED IN THE ASSESSMENT
Publications have been peer-reviewed.<b>Credit</b><br/>Peer reviews of this assessment were provided by:
Jessica Benthuysen (AIMS)The Marine chapter of the 2021 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment "Pressure of Climate and System Variability". <br/>***A PDF of the full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided) is downloadable in the "On-line Resources" section of this record as "EXPERT ASSESSMENT 2021 - Pressure – Climate and System Variability"***<br/><br/>----------------------------------------<br/><br/>DESCRIPTION OF PRESSURE<br/>Climate and the marine environment vary on multiple temporal and spatial scales. This variability results in seasonal, inter-annual, decadal and longer changes to water temperature (e.g. Figure 1), rainfall patterns affecting ocean salinity, and surface winds, oceanic currents and tidal regimes which can influence the degree of vertical mixing through the water column. Collectively, these changes also propagate from the physical environment up the food chain.<br/><br/>DATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT<br/>Published papers and reports on climate variability.<br/><br/>----------------------------------------<br/><br/>2021 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]<br/><br/>• 2021 •<br/>Assessment grade: High impact<br/>Assessment trend: Deteriorating<br/>Confidence grade: Adequate high quality evidence or high level of consensus<br/>Confidence trend: Adequate high quality evidence or high level of consensus<br/>Comparability: Comparable<br/>• 2016 •<br/>Assessment grade: Low impact<br/>Assessment trend: Unclear<br/>Confidence grade: Adequate high quality evidence or high level of consensus<br/>Confidence trend: Adequate high quality evidence or high level of consensus<br/>Comparability: Not previously assessed<br/>• 2011 •<br/>N/A<br/><br/>----------------------------------------<br/><br/>CHANGES SINCE 2016 SOE ASSESSMENT<br/>The assessed state and trend of this pressure has increased from low/stable in 2016 to high/increasing for 2021 based on research documenting a trend for overall higher extremes of impacts associated with climate variability over the reporting period that is expected to continue
WAMSI Node 4.4.2 - Captured species assessments - Implications of mobility, stock structure and biology of species for management
No full textStatement: Refer to individual sub-projects for methodology<b>Credit</b><br/>Euan Harvey<b>Credit</b><br/>Gary Kendrick<b>Credit</b><br/>Tim Langlois<b>Credit</b><br/>Ben Radford<b>Credit</b><br/>Jessica MeeuwigWAMSI Node 4.4.2 aims to determine how stock structure of key indicator species (dhufish, pink snapper and baldchin groper) in each bioregion interacts with existing spatial management. <br/><br/>Specifically the project aimed to determine levels of gene flow among populations of snapper, dhufish, and baldchin groper on west coast and sources of recruits and levels of mixing between locations with snapper, dhufish and baldchin groper on west coast.<br/><br/>This is a collaborative project with: <br/><br/>1) Department of Fisheries, Stock structure of West Coast demersal indicator species via i) Otolith chemistry and ii) Drift current trajectories from GPS-tracked buoys *Sub-project 4.4.2-1;<br/> <br/>2) Department of Fisheries, CSIRO using genetics on West Australian dhufish and hydrodynamic dispersal modelling *Sub-project 4.4.2-2a.<br/><br/>3) Murdoch University, CSIRO, Department of Fisheries using genetics on pink snapper and baldchin groper *Sub-project 4.4.2-2b;<br/><br/>4) Department of Fisheries, CSIRO integrating stock structure with hydrodynamic modelling of stock structure *Sub-project 4.4.2-3
Bondi Beach (Video Obs) - Beach Observation
No full textBondi Beach - New South Wales<br/><br/>Data Attributes<br/><br/>2min video clip<br/>16-25 frames per sec<br/>Video format: WMV/H264 codec<br/>640 x 480 pixels or greater <br/><br/>Good view from central lifeguard tower of entire beach (no seawall) and surf zone. Waves average 1.6m in center-south (T=10s, TR=1.2m), which maintain a well developed TBR-RBB, with LTT to the north. <br/>2min Windows Media video clips taken from 5am to 7pm<br/><br/>Missing Data is listed below from July 2007 to 2010<br/><br/>2007<br/>- July 1,2<br/>- August 12-14<br/>- November 18<br/><br/>2008<br/>- March 14-27<br/>- June 21,22,28-30<br/>- July all missing<br/>- August all missing<br/>- September all missing<br/>- October 1,2,7<br/>- December 6<br/><br/>2009<br/>- January 18,23<br/>- March 1, 14-31<br/>- April 11-30<br/>- May 8-31<br/>- June 3-30<br/>- July all missing<br/>- August 1-30<br/>- September 12-14,19<br/>- November 1<br/>- December 1-11<br/><br/>2010<br/>- February 4,9,10,13,20-28 <br/>- March 1,28,29<br/>- April 26,27<br/>- May 13,18<br/>- June 6,7<br/>- October 2-31<br/>- November all missing<br/>- December all missing<br/>Video clip taken while the camera is on tour
Lorne (Video Obs) - Beach Observation
No full textLorne - Victoria<br/><br/>Data Attributes<br/><br/>2 min video clip<br/>16 - 25 frames per sec<br/>Video format: WMV/H264 codec<br/>640 x 480 pixels or greater <br/><br/>: Good view from rocky southern shoreline (Point Grey) north along beach showing foredune-wall, beach and surf zone. Wide low gradient (finer sand) beach typically LTT in front to TBR to north. Waves average 1 m to 1.2 m in north (T=12 s, TR=1.7 m).<br/>2min Windows Media video clips taken from 5am to 7pm<br/><br/>Missing Data is listed below from March 2008 to May 2010<br/><br/>2008<br/>- March 1-12<br/>- April 10-12,26<br/>- June 21,22,28<br/>- July 27<br/>- August 11,15-19,24<br/>- December 6<br/><br/>2009<br/>- January 18,23<br/>- February 8<br/>- March 1,14-31<br/>- April 11-30<br/>- May 8-31<br/>- June 3-30<br/>- July all missing<br/>- August 1-30<br/>- September 12-14,19<br/>- November 1,16<br/><br/>2010 <br/>- January 1-3<br/>- April 25,26<br/>- May 18,28-31<br/>Video clip taken while the camera is on tour
Circulation in Ningaloo Reef lagoon - bathymetry readings
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: notPlannedStatement: Original record compiled for the Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI), Project 3.8, 2008. Original records sourced from AIMS Data Centre export (May, 2008).<b>Credit</b><br/>Massel<b>Credit</b><br/>BrinkmanAs part of the project Predicting the Coastal Marine Environment, the impacts of natural and human-induced factors on the status, evolution and physical degradation of coral reef ecosystems are assessed using observational studies and predictive models. The effects of physical processes such as waves, tides, turbulent flows and circulation around coral reefs, acting in concert with non-conservative chemical processes and active behaviours of marine larvae are taken into account to develop new understandings of their interactions and effects on the dispersal and evolution of coral reef organisms and structures. New elements in this project are the studies of the flow induced by waves and their impact on the flushing of the reef and mixing processes on the reef top. In situ data on physical factors (waves, currents, tidal levels) are acquired from deployments of oceanographic instruments and used to verify numerical modelling results. The aim of this study was to obtain a comprehensive data set on the physical oceanographic processes that influence the circulation and flushing of the reefs in this region. The data obtained will now be utilised to verify theoretical and numerical models of these oceanographic processes, such that these models can be generically applied to the Ningaloo Reef region as a whole
Photographic documentation of some of the impacts of a 1-in-30 year storm on the ocean beach at Dee Why, NSW (8th June, 2007)
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: notPlannedStatement: Images taken with a 6.0 megapixel digital cameraStatement: Photos were taken on Wednesday 13th June at 1300 in the region of Dee Why Surf Club. No images were taken of Long Reef.
Parameters: No parameters are associated with this resource, which constitutes photographic material.<b>Purpose</b><br/>To illustrate the impact of a 30-year storm on Sydney's beaches. Also, to emphasise the need to plan for such events in the future, to protect property, people and the environment.Friday 8th June 2007 saw a severe weather warning from the Bureau of Meterology. They warned of winds gusting to 90kph, flash flooding, waves exceeding 5m in the surf zone and significant beach erosion. It was dubbed a 30-year storm, and came as a costly reminder of the devasting power of the natural environment. These photographic images were taken on Wednesday 13th June and illustrate some of the impacts of the storm on Sydneys beaches, and the response of local councils in the clean-up effort
Coffin Bay CTD Data 23 September 1998
No full textStatement: The quality of the data is good enough for the purpose of the study.
Data parameters: depth (metres), water temperature (oC), conductivity, salinity (0/00).<b>Purpose</b><br/>Oceanographic study of Coffin Bay.Ten samples were collected at Coffin Bay using a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) device on 23rd September 1998, for analysis of temperature, conductivity and salinity data
Queensland WildNet Waterbirds
No full textPresence-only distribution records sourced from the WildNet database through the Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management (DERM)
Georges River CTD Data 11 October 1985
No full textStatement: The quality of the data is good enough for the purpose of the study.
The position information can be found in the Sydney Street Directory, Gregory's. The station site on the map is an approximation only. The position has been estimated from a computer atlas with one minute accuracy.
Data parameters: depth (metres), salinity (0/00).<b>Purpose</b><br/>Estuarine study of Georges River.Nine samples were collected at Georges River using a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) device on the 11th October 1985, for collection of salinity data