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EMORID riverine database
No full textThis dataset has been created by OSPAR's ICG-EMO for ecosystem modelling purposes and contains daily discharge and nutrient load files for all countries bordering the Northwest European Shelf or the Baltic. The files area availbale per country or as 1 complete set, with each country folder containing 2 subdirectories: DirectsD (containing direct discharge data) and Rivers (containing riverine data). Each file is self-containing and contains, if present, load data for the following nutrients: TotalN, TotalP, NO3, NH4, PO4, SPM, Si, DIN. Data for Fe, DIC, TOC, POC, DOC and TALK is sporadically provided when original data was available. For each country the annual discharge and nutrient loads add up to officially reported loads from OSPAR and HELCOM. See the provided dataset guide for more details
OHGDGT Kara Sea Iberian margin Gulf of Mexico
No full textThis file contains data from marine surface sediments, marine SPM, soils, river sediments and river SPM from three locations (the Kara Sea, the Iberian margin and the northern Gulf of Mexico). This dataset is related to the study 'Impact of terrestrial organic matter input on hydroxylated isoprenoidal GDGT distributions: Implications for OH-isoGDGT-based temperature proxies '. The excel sheet contains information regarding the sediments, SPM and soils, their location, peak area of iso-GDGTs and OH-isoGDGTs, proxy indices discussed in the study and references for previously published data
Dataset belonging to "Constraining sulfur incorporation in calcite using controlled growth experiments"
No full textThe sulfur over calcium ratio (S/Ca) in foraminiferal shells was recently proposed as a new and independent proxy for reconstructing marine inorganic carbon chemistry. This new approach assumes that sulfur is incorporated into CaCO3 predominantly in the form of sulfate (SO42-) through lattice substitution for carbonate ions (CO32-), and that S/Ca thus reflects seawater [CO32-]. Although foraminiferal growth experiments validated this approach, field studies showed controversial results suggesting that the potential impact of [CO32-] may be overwritten by one or more parameters. Hence, to better understand the inorganic processes involved, we here investigate S/Ca values in inorganically precipitated CaCO3 (S/Ca(cc)) grown in solutions of CaCl2 - Na2CO3 - Na2SO4 - B(OH)3 - MgCl2. Experimental results indicate the dependence of sulfate partitioning in CaCO3 on the carbon chemistry via changing pH and suggest that faster precipitation rates increase the partition coefficient for sulfur. Based on the positive correlation found between S/Ca(cc) and the concentration of only one aqueous sulfate species, [CaSO40](aq), we here suggest a critical evaluation of this potential proxy. As sulfate complexation seems to control sulfate uptake in inorganic calcite, application as a proxy using foraminiferal calcite may be limited to periods for which seawater chemistry is well-constrained. As foraminiferal calcite growth is modulated by inward Ca2+ flow to the site of calcification coupled to outward H+ pumping, sulfate incorporation as CaSO40 ion-pair in the foraminifer?s shell also provides a mechanistic link for the observed relationship between S/Ca(cc) and [CO32-]
Cruise report N2111 - ReViFES Voordelta
No full textThis cruise was carried out for the ReViFES project. The rationale behind this cruise and project is to find out what the scale of ecosystem services of reef structures are in the North Sea. The focal area was the Voordelta shellfish reef close to the coast of Ouddorp, province of South Holland, the Netherlands. Aim of the project is to compare biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of reef structures such as shellfish reefs to the surrounding area without reef like structures
Extreme heat and drought did not affect interspecific interactions between dune grasses
No full textThe frequency of extreme climatic events, such as storm and heatwaves, is predicted to increase because of climate change. Understanding interactions between species in environmental extremes plays a vital role in predicting ecosystem resilience. In this study, we examined how heat and drought combined with interspecific interactions between pioneer dune builder sand couch (Elytrigia juncea) and primary foredune builder marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) affected growth and survival of the latter species in an embryonic dune system. In a 4-week field experiment, we transplanted marram grass within sand couch patches or on bare sediment. This plant interaction treatment was combined with a compound heat and drought treatment that was simulated with greenhouses that inhibited rainfall and increased temperatures (average daily maximum temperature +4°C). Results show that the presence of sand couch significantly reduced growth (i.e., formation of new shoots, shoot and root length and aboveground biomass) of marram grass. By contrast, the heat and drought treatment had no significant effects on growth or survival of marram grass, irrespective of species interactions. The neutral response suggests that even in its early establishment marram grass is highly heat and drought resistant. Since the competitive interaction between sand couch and establishing marram grass did not change under pressure of an extreme heat and drought event, we expect that these factors do not affect embryonic dune development
Trophic Interactions in the Subtidal Wadden Sea
No full textUnravelling the intricate food web in the subtidal regions of the Wadden Sea is crucial for better understanding of the ecosystem. Even basic basic metrics of food web structure are useful indicators of ecosystem complexity compared to other often-used indices. Insight in the food web structure can also aid conservation efforts by pinpointing vulnerabilities and informing sustainable management strategies. However, the overview of the trophic interactions in the ecosystem to base such food webs on was incomplete. Therefore, we constructed a comprehensive interaction matrix that contains trophic interactions of all species we found during a two-year experiment with hard substrate in the Wadden Sea as well as during two subtidal sampling campaigns. The trophic interactions in the matrix are based on literature study. This dataset also contains an example R script that shows how a food web can be constructed and how metrics can be calculated based on this interaction matrix
Biodegradation of polyethylene by the marine fungus Parengyodontium album
No full textPlastic pollution in the marine realm is a severe environmental problem. Nevertheless, plastic may also serve as a potential carbon and energy source for microbes, yet the contribution of marine microbes, especially marine fungi to plastic degradation is not well constrained. We isolated the fungus Parengyodontium album from floating plastic debris in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and measured fungal-mediated mineralization rates (conversion to CO2) of polyethylene (PE) by applying stable isotope probing assays with 13C-PE. When the PE was pretreated with UV light, the biodegradation rate of the initially added PE was 16%/yr, while the rate was only 0.02%/yr when the plastic was not pretreated with UV light. Furthermore, we traced the incorporation of PE-derived 13C-carbon into P. album biomass using nanoSIMS and fatty acid analysis. Despite the high mineralization rate of the UV-treated 13C-PE, incorporation of PE-derived 13C into fungal cells was minor, and 13C incorporation was not detectable for the non-treated PE. Together, our results reveal the potential of P. album to degrade PE in the marine environment and to mineralize it to CO2. However, the initial photodegradation of PE is crucial for P. album to metabolize the PE-derived carbon
Benguela Phytoplankton 2020
No full textThe Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) is one of the world?s most productive ecosystems, supporting globally-relevant fisheries. The BUS marine community is modulated by the availability of nutrients and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (hereafter, LC omega-3). Phytoplankton growth in the BUS can be supported by upwelled nitrate, a new nitrogen (N) source to the surface, or by recycled N such as ammonium. Preferential assimilation of one N source over another may yield differences in LC omega-3 production between high and low food-quality species. To evaluate how upwelling and the N source(s) consumed by phytoplankton influence LC omega-3 production, we sampled a BUS anchor station daily for 10 days. Upwelling on days 5-7 supplied high concentrations of nutrients to the surface, while pre- and post-upwelling, surface waters were stratified and nutrient concentrations were low. LC omega-3 and phytoplankton concentrations were near-zero during upwelling, and elevated pre- and post-upwelling. Throughout our sampling, nanoplankton (2.7-10?m) dominated primary production (30-95%), relying mainly on nitrate to support their growth. Surface LC omega-3 concentrations reached peaks of 215 and 175 ?gL-1 pre- and post-upwelling, up to 10-times higher than previous measurements from the BUS (<5 ?gL-1). Pre-upwelling, non-diatom trophic markers (18:1n-9,18:4n-3,18:5n-3) were dominant, with a switch over just two days to diatom trophic markers post-upwelling (16:1n-7,16:2n-4,16:2n-7,16:3n-4,16:4n-1). This study reveals the key role of upwelling in promoting phytoplankton LC omega-3 production, which is tightly coupled to the supply of new nitrate. Additionally, the high observed LC omega-3 concentrations suggest that global LC omega-3 production is underestimated
Calibrated CTD data from OSNAP Pelagia cruise 64PE473 in July-Aug 2020
No full textThe goals of the research carried out during the cruise were to deploy surface drifters on the east Greenland shelf to investigate the export of freshwater towards deep convection areas, to service the five NIOZ Overturning of the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) moorings in the Irminger Sea located on the western flank of the Mid Atlantic Ridge, recover two lander deployed on the ridge by Ifremer in 2018 and to establish the hydrography along the OSNAP line (co-located with AR7E) to allow the study of inter-annual hydrographic variability. The data set published here comprises of the 67 CTD stations surveyed during the cruise.
The cruise started and ended on Texel. After passing the Pentland Firth, a more or less direct line was steamed towards Cape Farewell, An initial CTD cast was done during the transit, for testing and training purposes, at 59? 36.71? N, 29? 31.34? W, on 18 July 2020. The first science station of the section was done just off Cape Farewell, at 60? 02.52? N, 43? 02.67? W, on 20 July 2020. The last station was done west of Rockall island, at 57? 34.90? N, 14? 36.87? W, on 11 August 2020, from where the Pelagia steamed back to Texel. Many of the CTD stations were taking near moorings along the OSNAP line, to facilitate use for mooring calibration. On the CTD stations, a total of 318 water samples were collected for the salinity calibration and 70 for oxygen calibration. Water samples were taken in layers with weak vertical gradients only. All samples have been analysed at NIOZ and final CTD data available here have been corrected for biases found against these samples
Data from manuscript "distance doesn't matter: migration strategy in a seabird has no effect on survival or reproduction"
No full textMigrating animals show remarkable diversity in migration strategies, even between individuals from the same population. Migrating longer distances is usually expected to be costlier in terms of time, energy expenditure and risks with potential repercussions for subsequent stages within the annual cycle. Such costs are expected to be balanced by increased survival, for example due to higher quality wintering areas or lower energy expenditure at lower latitudes. We compared reproductive parameters and apparent survival of lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus) breeding in the Netherlands, whose winter range extends from the UK to West Africa, resulting in one-way migration distances that differ by more than 4500 km. Individuals migrating furthest arrived later in the colony than shorter-distance migrants, but still laid in synchrony with the colony and consequently had a shorter pre-laying period. This shorter pre-laying period affected neither egg volumes nor hatching success. We found no relationship between migration distance and apparent survival probability, corresponding with previous research showing that annual energy expenditure and distance travelled throughout the year is similar across migration strategies. Combined, our results indicate an equal fitness payoff across migration strategies, suggesting there is no strong selective pressure acting on migration strategy within this population