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Health services in NSW correctional facilities
No full textThe health needs of the NSW prison population are significant and complex. The health profile and conditions of people coming into custody replicates the physical health, mental health and social determinants of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged in society. The challenge within the correctional setting is to deliver health services to a population cohort with high health needs in a controlled and secure environment. These health services need to be delivered in a timely manner and to a quality comparable with health services provided to the broader NSW population. The majority of people in custody return to the community after relatively short periods. Therefore, there is a significant public health imperative to ensuring health care is available and accessible in custody. While this provides an opportunity to positively intervene in improving people’s health it also requires the health service to be tailored and able to readily respond to these unique and specific ‘offender’ health needs. This requires a medical, nursing and allied health staff with a diverse range of clinical skills and expert levels of health knowledge in the areas of complex need experienced by inmates. These health professionals need to be able to readily respond to the most critical emergency situations as well as continually deliver comprehensive primary health and mental health care
Questionnaire pretesting methods: a comparison of cognitive interviewing and respondent defriefing vis-A-vis the study of the adoption of decision support systems by knowledge workers
No full textWhereas the literature on questionnaire pretesting has revealed a paradox, questionnaire pretesting is a simple technique to measure in advance whether a questionnaire causes problems for respondents or interviewers. Consequently, experienced researchers and survey methodologists have declared questionnaire pretesting indispensable. All the same, published survey reports provide no information about whether a questionnaire was pretested and, if so, how and with what results. Moreover, until recently, there has been limited methodological research on questionnaire pretesting. The universally acknowledged importance of questionnaire pretesting has been honoured more in theory than in practice. As a result, we know very little about pretesting and the extent to which a pretest serves its intended purpose and leads to value-added on questionnaires. An expert review is a traditional method of questionnaire pretesting. Expert reviews can be conducted with varying levels of organisation and rigor. On the lower end of the spectrum, an experienced subject matter expert, or survey methodologist reviews a draft questionnaire to identify issues with question wording or administration that may lead to measurement error. On the more rigorous end of the spectrum, as employed in this study is the Questionnaire Appraisal Scheme method, a standardized instrument review containing 28 problem types that allow experienced researchers and/or coders to code, analyse and compare the results of questionnaire problems reported by the independent expert reviewers for consistency and agreement across the expert reviewers. However, in spite of the wider use of the expert review as a pretest method, fewer empirical evaluations of this method exist. Specifically, there is little evidence as to whether different expert reviews consistently identified similar questionnaire problems. Similarly, there has been no reasonable level of agreements across the expert reviewers in their evaluation of questionnaire problems. This paper addresses these shortcomings. The protocols employed in the paper would contribute to reducing the shortfall in pretesting guidelines and encourage roundtable discussions in academia and management practice.http://journal.julypress.com/index.php/ajsss/article/view/56