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Revised Efficient and Reproducible Synthesis of an Fmoc-protected Tn Antigen
No full textIn 2021, our team reported a concise synthesis of Thomsen-Nouveau (Tn) antigen, a tumour-associated O-linked mucin glycopeptide. We have since realized that our characterization of the reported glycoside was mistaken. Instead of the intended ether-bonded α anomer, the β-anomer containing an ester glycosidic bond was formed using palladium catalysis and characterised incorrectly as the spectra are remarkably similar. We demonstrated this conclusively be repeating Danishefky’s synthesis, with some required modifications of the protocol, of Fmoc-Tn for confirmation. The error is too significant for a correction as it does affect the conclusions of the work, and the original paper has been retracted, though its work is included in this manuscript. In this replacement we report a successful synthesis of the Tn antigen using adjusted glycosylation conditions: a different glycosyl acceptor, N-Fmoc serine benzyl ester, using TMSOTf as the catalyst. This remains, to the best of our knowledge, the shortest Tn antigen synthesis reported from galactose, although it provides the Tn antigen now. Furthermore, this route gives ready access to an essential Tn antigen building block that can be used for large-scale solid phase peptide synthesis.Banting Research Foundation (Award: 2018-1403)Canada Foundation for Innovation (Award: 37425
Electrical Power Optimization of Cloud Data Centers Using Federated Learning Server Workload Allocation
No full textCloud Data Centers (CDCs) are the foundation of the digital economy, enabling data storage, processing, and connectivity for different academia/industry/commerce activities and digital services worldwide. As a result, their consistent power supply and reliable performance are critical factors; however, few works have considered power consumption optimization based on intelligent workload allocation. To this end, the proposed paper presents a Federated Learning (FL)-based server workload allocation model for optimal power optimization. In this strategy, the servers are modeled based on their Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory, storage, and network usage. A global server is considered as the global model responsible for final workload allocation decisions. Each server acts as a client in the federated learning framework, sharing its derived parameters with the global model securely and federatedly. Finally, after ten epochs of the system running, the model could optimize the system, decrease the overall power consumption, and reduce the workload pressure in each server by distributing it to other servers. The model is evaluated using different Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and an appendix is provided, including the full performance results, workload shifting logs, and server resource status. Overall, the suggested FL allocator model shows promise in significantly lowering power consumption and alleviating server workload efficiently
Chrono-atlas of cell-type specific daily gene expression rhythms in the regenerating colon
No full textThe circadian clock is a molecular timer present throughout the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, where it regulates daily rhythms in physiology through the timing of rhythmic gene expression. Dysfunctional rhythms, caused by loss of clock timing and/or environmental disruption is implicated with gastrointestinal dysfunction and pathology. The large intestine (colon) is composed of many different types of cells with distinct gene expression programs and functions. How daily rhythms in transcript abundance are coordinated in the intestine at a cell-specific level is not known. Using single cell transcriptomics, we analyzed 24-hour gene expression in all major cell types of the proximal and distal regions of the colon following injury. We find that daily gene expression is not uniform: rhythmic genes, including circadian clock components, clock targets, and systemic programs, differ in their timing and are cell-type specific. Cells of the epithelium, stroma, and immune system to display strong rhythms in metabolic, protein processing, and stress response genes during regeneration. While stromal and muscle cells exhibit robust circadian clock gene rhythms irrespective of injury, epithelial cells show weaker clock oscillations that become 12-hours antiphasic during regeneration. These data, completed with smFISH validation, reveal an unexpected complexity to daily transcript levels in the colon, and provide a resource for future studies by identifying the cellular source of 24-hour transcript rhythms
The Lance: School Year 1963-1964
No full textSchool Year 1963-1964 Vol. 36: no. 1 (1963: Sept. 16) 4p.Vol. 36: no. 2 (1963: Sept. 20) 4p.Vol. 36: no. 3 (1963: Sept. 27) 10p.Vol. 36: no. 4 (1963: Oct. 4) 6p.Vol. 36: no. 5 (1963: Oct. 11) 10p.Vol. 36: no. 6 (1963: Oct. 18) 6p.Vol. 36: no. 7 (1963: Oct. 25) 10p.Vol. 36: no. 8 (1963: Nov. 1) 6p.Vol. 36: no. 9 (1963: Nov. 7) 6p.Vol. 36: no. 10 (1963: Nov. 8) 2p. Pages may be missingVol. 36: no. 11 (1963: Nov. 15) 6p.Vol. 36: no. 12 (1963: Nov. 22) 10p.Vol. 36: no. 13 (1963: Nov. 29 8p.Vol. 36: no. 14 (1963: Dec. 6) 6p.Vol. 36: no. 15 (1963: Dec. 18) 8p. Special Report: This Year at U.W.Vol. 36: no. 16 (1964: Jan. 17) 4p.Vol. 36: no. 17 (1964: Jan. 23) 4p.Vol. 36: no. 18 (1964: Jan. 28) 2p. Entitled: Eco: The Lance Review; damaged; pages may be missingVol. 36: no. 19 (1964: Jan. 31) 6p.Vol. 36: no. 20 (1964: Feb. 7) 6p.Vol. 36: no. 21 (1964: Feb. 14) 12p. Not numbered; presumed vol. 36: no. 21; Homecoming editionVol. 36: no. 22 (1964: Feb. 21) 4p.Vol. 36: no. 23 (1964: Mar. 4) 4p.Vol. 36: no. 24 (1964: Mar. 11) 4p
Spatial separation between two sounds affects first-spike latencies of responses elicited by the sounds in the rat’s auditory midbrain neurons
No full textThe first-spike latency (FSL) is an important temporal characteristic of a neurophysiological response. We study the FSLs of sound-driven responses in individual neurons in the rat’s auditory midbrain. Responses were elicited by a train of stimuli created using multiple presentations of two tone bursts with different frequencies. Presentations of the two sounds were interleaved temporally in a random order. We found that the mean and the temporal variation of FSL of the response elicited by a sound was increased when the sound was presented more frequently or when it was moved from the ear that drove an excitatory response to the ear that drove an inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the FSL of response to one sound was dependent on the spatial location of the other sound. Results suggested that the timing of the first spike could be used by midbrain neurons to encode information related to the probability of occurrence and spatial location of a sound. It could also be used to gauge how the sound was related to the other sound in spatial location. These results enhance our understanding of neural bases of binaural hearing, especially in an environment with temporally separated competing sounds
A qualitative investigation of young female dancers' use of imagery
No full textAlthough dancers have noted using imagery to mentally rehearse a routine, understand and reinforce movement, inspire strong
emotions, and lower arousal levels, this finding is specific to adult dancers, overlooking imagery use with young dancers. The
current study qualitatively examined the 4 Ws of imagery use (where, when, what, and why) with female dancers 7–14 years of
age. Twenty-three female dancers (Mage = 10.43, SD = 2.19) from various dance styles participated in 1 of 4 focus-group
discussions. Thematic analysis revealed findings similar to those identified in the domains of both adult dance and children’s
sport. There were, however, findings emerging from the current study specific to young female dancers. These findings are
provided, in addition to practical implications for dance instructor
Dual-stream multi-layer cross encoding network for texture analysis of architectural heritage elements
No full textTexture provides valuable insights into building materials, structure, style, and historical context. However, traditional deep learning features struggle to address architectural textures due to complex inter-class similarities and intra-class variations. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a Dual-stream Multi-layer Cross Encoding Network (DMCE-Net). DMCE-Net treats deep feature maps from different layers as experts, each focusing on specific texture attributes. It includes two complementary encoding streams: the intra-layer encoding stream efficiently captures diverse texture perspectives from individual layers through multi-attribute joint encoding, while the inter-layer encoding stream facilitates mutual interaction and knowledge integration across layers using a cross-layer binary encoding mechanism. By leveraging collaborative interactions between both streams, DMCE-Net effectively models and represents complex texture attributes of architectural heritage elements. Extensive experimental evaluations on architectural heritage datasets and three texture databases demonstrate that DMCE-Net achieves superior performance compared to existing deep learning methods and handcrafted features, providing reliable texture representations
Identifying the transition from ante-mortem to post-mortem odor in cadavers in an outdoor environment
No full textThis study investigates the transition from ante-mortem to post-mortem odor in human remains during the early post-mortem period in an outdoor environment. Three cadavers (donors) were placed at an outdoor human decomposition facility, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected and analyzed using thermal desorption coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC × GC-TOFMS). The key findings revealed that nitrogen-containing compounds were predominant in early post-mortem VOC profiles, driven by enzymatic and bacterial activity. Esters, alcohols, and halogenated compounds were also identified, with esters linked to microbial transformation and alcohols possibly formed by lipid peroxidation. Ante-mortem VOCs were persistent across samples, influenced by skin microbiota and environmental factors like UV radiation, complicating the detection of decomposition odor. Post-mortem VOCs became more prominent after ADD 73.4(experimental day 3), signaling the transition to the bloat stage of decomposition. Variations in sample collection methods and external factors such as temperature were found to affect VOC abundances. This study provides critical insights into odor transition and has implications for the use of search and rescue (SAR) and human remains detection (HRD) dogs. Further research is needed to standardize methods and assess odor transitions across diverse environments and seasons
The Lance: School Year 1974-1975 (Sept.-Dec.)
No full textSchool Year 1974-1975 (1974: Sept. 6) 4p. An unnumbered, “special extra� issueVol. 49: no. 1 (1974: Sept. 13) 12p.Vol. 49: no. 2 (1974: Sept. 20) 12p.Vol. 49: no. 3 (1974: Sept. 27) 16p.Vol. 49: no. 4 (1974: Oct. 4) 16p.Vol. 49: no. 5 (1974: Oct. 11) 12p.Vol. 49: no. 6 (1974: Oct. 18) 12p.Vol. 49: no. 7 (1974: Oct. 25) 20p.Vol. 49: no. 8 (1974: Nov. 1) 16p.Vol. 49: no. 9 (1974: Nov. 8) 16p.Vol. 49: no. 10 (1974: Nov. 15) 12p.Vol. 49: no. 11 (1974: Nov. 22) 16p.Vol. 49: no. 12 (1974: Nov. 29) 16p.Vol. 49: no. 13 (1974: Dec. 6) 12p.Vol. 49: no. 14 (1974: Dec. 12) 8p
Long-term monitoring of Arctic coastal ecology at the East Bay Mainland Research Station, in Qaqsauqtuuq Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Nunavut
No full textWe provide an overview of 25 years of research at the East Bay Mainland Research Station, in the Qaqsauqtuuq Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Southampton Island, Nunavut. The earliest research at the site targeted waterfowl and seabirds, but work since 2000 has focused on shorebirds. The site offers the longest running study of breeding shorebirds in the Canadian Arctic, with more than 1800 nests of 12 species monitored. Monitoring at this site has contributed to our understanding of the breeding ecology of shorebirds, including factors influencing timing of laying, habitat selection, and breeding success. Research has also contributed to knowledge of shorebird ecology throughout the annual cycle, through international collaborations using cutting-edge tracking technologies and novel analytic methods. Importantly, long-term monitoring data have provided opportunities to evaluate demographic shifts in shorebird species and communities in relation to changing climate and threats throughout the annual cycle. We recorded 75 bird species and 9 mammal species at the site, and confirmed breeding for 30 bird species. Additionally, research and training activities at East Bay Mainland have made important contributions to capacity for Inuit self-determination in Arctic environmental monitoring, and have supported the development of international commitments and policies around species conservation and management.Trent UniversityNunavut Wildlife Research TrustCarleton UniversityUniversity of WindsorPolar Continental Shelf ProgramArcticNetNorthern Scientific Training ProgramPolar Knowledge CanadaNunavut Research InstituteCanNorOceans NorthArctic Goose Joint VentureNatural Sciences and Engineering Research CouncilW. Garfield Weston Foundatio