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Does polar bear (Ursus maritimus) foraging on Common eiders (Somateria mollissima) facilitate predation risk from Herring gulls (Larus argentatus)?
No full textDue to climate-induced rapid decline in sea-ice, polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are being forced onto land sooner. As a consequence, bears are foraging on Arctic nesting seabird eggs, since their earlier arrival ashore coincides with the seabird's incubation period. Increasing predation risk by bears may also facilitate traditional egg predators of seabirds. I study predator-prey interactions between Common eiders (Somateria mollissima) nesting on Mitivik Island, Nunavut, Canada (64°0'0" N 81°59'59" W), and their traditional egg predators, Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) during polar bear foraging. Whether polar bear foraging behaviour facilitates gull predation on Common eider eggs via the eiders' responses to polar-bear risk is currently unknown. Using aerial drone videography, I quantified gull egg-predation success on eider nests during polar bear foraging bouts. I recorded eider behavioural responses following their flush from nests and estimated if these responses influenced the success of gulls predating vacated nests. Preliminary results indicate that 15% of 192 nests vacated by eiders were visited by gulls, suggesting gulls may not be as ubiquitous predators as predicted. However, of the eiders that I observed returning to their nests shortly after flushing, only 10% returned to defend their nest from foraging gulls. Further analysis of results will allow me to determine whether polar bear foraging is facilitating gull predation, thereby causing an increased risk to Common eider reproductive success. Findings can be used in future studies to predict eider persistence as a result of indirect effects of climate change
Gas Detection as a Means to Control Microbial Metabolism in Biorefineries and Reduction of Environmental Emissions
Full text linkEffectiveness of Using NamePrism to Identify Ethnicities
No full text['UNSDG 4: Quality Education (https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal4)', 'UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure (https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal9)', 'UNSDG 10: Reduced Inequalities (https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal10)']Viable, Healthy and Safe CommunitiesThe dependency on NamePrism as an online algorithm to identify the ethnicity of individuals using their name has been increasing in research publications. Therefore, it is crucial to determine whether or not NamePrism is a reliable tool for finding ethnicities. Using a database of 344 Chief Executive Officers, we used NamePrism to identify the ethnicity of each CEO. The picture and biography of each CEO were examined to manually determine the ethnicity while relying on multiple entries given in the database, such as the company name, start and end date of the CEO's tenure, and full name. Lastly, statistical and data analysis of the collected results determined that NamePrism is not an accurate tool to find ethnicities
Nurse Educators' Perceptions of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) in Baccalaureate Nursing Education: An Interpretive Descriptive Study
No full textBackground: Trauma-informed care (TIC) is an important practice approach that aims to meet the needs of trauma survivors by understanding the effects of trauma and its close links to health (Wathen et al., 2021). Registered nurses are especially well-positioned to implement a trauma-informed approach to care (Stokes et al., 2017). However, undergraduate students receive limited or no access to TIC education (Li et al., 2019). Although there has been a recent rise in the investigation of TIC within various nursing specialties, the perceptions of nurse educators and students remain largely understudied. Objective: This interpretive descriptive (ID) study aims to understand the individual, relational and structural or organizational contextual factors that influence nurse educators' understanding of TIC and their ability to incorporate it effectively into undergraduate nursing curriculum. Proposed Methods: ID offers an accessible and theoretically flexible applied qualitative approach for producing knowledge to create change (Thorne et al., 2016). Participants will initially complete an online survey with two validated instruments to assess educator knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to TIC. Quantitative data will be analyzed using basic descriptive analyses. Qualitative data analysis will occur concurrently with data collection and involve Braun and Clarke's (2012) six-phase reflexive thematic processes. Future Applications: Despite calls to action for trauma awareness in nursing education (Goddard et al., 2021), no standardized TIC curriculum exists. Educators must understand and implement the principles of TIC to equip nursing students with the skills to address the needs of trauma survivors
Personality differences in peer review
No full textPeer reviews offer a unique assessment of post-secondary students' writing, wherein students grade fellow students' (peers') essay submissions according to a rubric. Previous research found personality was related to the grades students both gave and received during peer-assessment: conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness predicted higher grades, whereas academic entitlement and grade orientation predicted lower grades. Moreover, peer-assessment has been found to yield similar results to expert assessment, however peers are consistently more lenient in the grading. Past studies have found both agreeableness and extroversion in raters is related to higher grading leniency, whereas conscientiousness is related to lower grading leniency. A better understanding of the interaction between personality traits, grades, and rater leniency will provide insight on factors contributing to academic success aside from intelligence and aid in explaining the variance in grades for the same assignment. The present study examined the influence of personality factors on rater leniency and grades received during an introduction to psychology peer review assignment. Participants completed an online survey assessing academic entitlement, learning orientation, grade orientation, narcissism, and the Big-5 personality traits. These measures were later merged with the peer review grades. Results from correlational analyses revealed academic entitlement and narcissism were related to lower grades, while conscientiousness was related to higher grades. Moreover, students higher in conscientiousness, learning orientation attitudes, and grade orientation attitudes gave more accurate and less lenient grades. Lastly, more variance in the grades received during the peer review was found to be related to higher narcissism and openness scores, as well as lower agreeableness. Possible explanations for these findings are explored
Raise the Humanity in Art
No full textUnderstanding BordersArt could present the divine world, could present the dark side of humanity, or crazily present subconsciousness, art could be freakily gross, unethical and nasty. Art also could peacefully create visual comfort, but the weird one is popular today because artists might try to reach the uniqueness desperately. Natural disaster, diseases and man-caused war left to us so much pain that is sad enough for us to review. Why are we still destroying the world radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas (Expressionism, 2018)? Why not rebuild instead? Why not cherish the good that we have? Think about humanity in art and rise above it; use art to cheer the mood with joy. Humanity in art has never been twisted completely. It would be better to make things right by positive thoughts to give the future a great hope. Don't panic, Traits of art dominating the world is alternative, the uniqueness of art also can be found in the raise of humanity
Applying CRISPR/Cas9 and fluorescent tools to dissect the role of Tuberin in cell cycle regulation
Full text linkOnly presenter: Ali NadiHow cells regulate their growth and division involves a tightly controlled integration of many mechanisms. In cells, Tuberin (gene-TSC2) is a protein in the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) that modulates cellular growth, size, and proliferation. Mutations in the proteins forming the TSC can cause Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multisystem pathologies that is often associated with benign hamartomas in the brain, kidney, lungs and skin. The focus of my research is to clarify the role of Tuberin in the regulation of cell size and proliferation at the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. During late G2, Tuberin retains Cyclin B1 (gene-CCNB1), a mitotic cyclin, in the cytoplasm thereby prolonging mitotic onset. We constructed six TSC2 mutants that harbour clinically relevant mutations which are known to destabilize the TSC. Interestingly, these mutations fall within the Tuberin Cyclin B1 binding domain. Whether or not these mutations disrupt the regulation of the G2/M checkpoint is a key question of this project. This is studied by over-expressing the mutants with GFP tagged Cyclin B1 in Tuberin null cells. The resultant phenotypes are analyzed by flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. To aid in the temporal study of the cell cycle, I aim to validate successful CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of an iRFP tag within the TSC2 gene of HEK293 cells. This new cell line will be a powerful tool to dissect the roles of Tuberin in regulating cellular growth and division and can provide deep understanding of proliferative diseases like TSC and cancers
Movement Planning and the Role of End-State Comfort
No full textMovement Planning and the Role of End-State Comfort Nicole George, Paula M. van Wyk & Adriana M. Duquette ABSTRACT The way individuals manipulate objects can provide insight into movement planning processes. It is common for individuals to adopt an initially awkward position when grasping an object in order to move with or towards a more comfortable position. This is known as the end-state comfort (ESC) effect [1]. While ESC has been considered a main influence on the process of movement selection, recent investigation has established that there are tasks which do not exhibit this effect [2]. Thus, the purpose of this study was to replicate four object manipulation tasks with a larger sample size than previous research, in an effort to provide further support for or against the traditionally accepted ESC effect of movement planning. Based on the robust support for ESC in the initial studies [3, 4, 5, 6], this effect was expected to be displayed in all tasks in the present study. Grasp selection strategies of 303 university-aged students (135 F, 168 M) were examined during two bar transport tasks (one seated, one standing), an overturned glass task and a cutlery transfer task. Hand orientations were recorded at the beginning and end of each movement, and the frequency of trials exhibiting ESC was quantified. Contrary to the initial studies [3, 4, 5, 6], ESC was not established in all of the tasks. ESC was not observed among 63.7% and 69.3% of participants for trials involving the cutlery transfer task to the left and right, respectively. Moreover, the magnitude of the effect was found to be less than what has been previously reported. Although ESC was demonstrated by all 12 participants in the seminal article [5], in the current study, only 55.4% of participants displayed the planning behaviour in all trials during the same bar transport task. The decreased display of ESC may support alternate theories of movement planning, such as recall of previous actions [7] and the influence of acquired habits [8]. REFERENCES [1] Rosenbaum, D. A., Marchak, F., Barnes, H. J., Vaughan, J., Slotta, J. D., & Jorgensen, M. J. (1990). Constraints for action selection: overhand versus underhand grips. In M. Jeannerod (Ed.), Attention and performance XIII. Motor representation and control (pp 211-265). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [2] Hermens, F., Kral, D., & Rosenbaum, D. A. (2014). Limits of end-state planning. Acta Psychologica, 148, 148-162. [3] Fischman, M. G (1997). End-state comfort in object manipulation [Abstract]. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68(Suppl.), A-60. [4] McCarty, M. E., Clifton, R. K., & Collard, R. R. (1999). Problem solving in infancy: The emergence of an action plan. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1091-1101. [5] Rosenbaum, D. A., & Jorgensen, M. J. (1992). Planning macroscopic aspects of manual control. Human Movement Science 11, 61-69. [6] Short, M. W., & Cauraugh, J. H. (1997). Planning macroscopic aspects of manual control: End-state comfort and point-of-change effects. Acta Psychologica 96, 133-147. [7] Cohen, R. G., & Rosenbaum, D. A. (2004). Where grasps are made reveals how grasps are planned: Generation and recall of motor plans. Experimental Brain Research, 157, 486-495. [8] Herbort, O., & Butz, M. (2011). Habitual and goal-related factors in (everyday) object handling. Experiential Brain Research, 213, 371-382
Aboriginal Youth Justice: The Over Incarceration Crisis and the Role of Gladue Principles at Bail
No full textThere is a crisis in Canada involving our criminal justice system: the over incarceration of Aboriginal people. The situation is even starker when it comes to Aboriginal youth. Parliament and the courts have recognized this issue and taken steps to remedy this phenomenon through legislation and interpretation of relevant provisions. Section 718.2(e) of the Criminal Code was introduced as an amendment to provisions on sentencing, urging judges to consider the unique circumstances of Aboriginal people. R v Gladue, a 1999 case by the Supreme Court of Canada, interpreted section 718.2(e), providing more clarity on how exactly to recognize the history of colonization and displacement that First Nations communities experienced and consider the unique circumstances of Aboriginal people that factor into their interactions with the justice system. These considerations came to be known as Gladue principles. This research involves the application of Gladue principles at the bail stage for Aboriginal youth. While there has been some research conducted around the application of Gladue factors at bail for adults, there is very limited research and conflicting messages by the courts when it comes to Gladue principles for youth bail decisions. This research examined reported youth bail cases involving an Aboriginal accused and documented if and how Gladue principles were applied in each case. The research has shown that cases involving Aboriginal youth have not consistently applied Gladue principles to bail decisions. This is likely, at least in part, because of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), which places emphasis on alternatives to imprisonment for youth involved with the justice system. Although presenting alternatives to custody is part of the aims of a Gladue analysis, it is argued in the research that relying on the YCJA alone does not satisfy the factors involved in a Gladue principles application, and therefore, Gladue should be applied consistently to youth bail cases. This paper aims to present justification for Gladue principles at youth bail as well as ways in which this application could be carried out