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Screening for malnutrition, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder and food insecurity in veterans with inflammatory bowel disease
No full textThis project aimed to examine the prevalence of malnutrition and various nutrition risk factors among Veterans with IBD seen at the Portland VA outpatient gastrointestinal (GI) clinic. Additionally, this project explored how these various risk factors, including food security, feeding disorders, and micronutrient status, may intersect and affect malnutrition risk
Enhancing generalization of machine learning models for oncology informatics
No full textGeneralization, the ability of machine learning models to perform well on new data, remains a major challenge in sensitive fields such as medical settings. This work addresses generalization issues in three preclinical oncology applications by leveraging standardized radiotherapy coding systems for learning from administrative records, introducing an ensemble uncertainty estimation method to enhance dataset comparison, and applying this method to improve automated skin cancer detection from images. These methods collectively aim to improve the reliability of AI in medical contexts, with future efforts focused on integrating generalization metrics into real-time clinical pipelines
From cell lines to pseudo-islets: unraveling the influence of hormones on growth and fragmentation
No full textThis thesis is structured across three conceptual layers. At the systems level, it examines how pancreatic hormones influence the behavior of native human islets in culture. At an intermediate level, it investigates hormone-dependent regulation of islet growth and formation using pseudo-islets generated from dissociated native islets as an in vitro model. At the molecular level, it focuses on trace amine signaling through the β-cell–expressed GPCR TAAR1 and its role in modulating insulin secretion
Deciphering the roles of the HCMV chemokine receptors in viral latency & reactivation
No full textHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a pervasive β-herpesvirus that establishes lifelong persistence within the host by adopting a latent state in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Periodic reactivation from latency poses significant risks to immunocompromised individuals and contributes to HCMV-associated disease, yet the viral and host mechanisms governing this process remain incompletely defined. Among HCMV’s gene products, a subset of virally encoded G protein-coupled receptors (vGPCRs) have emerged as critical regulators of latency and reactivation. This dissertation investigates the molecular signaling properties, interactomes, and functional consequences of two vGPCRs, US28 and UL78, in order to delineate how HCMV manipulates host pathways to persist and reactivate from latent infection
A comparison of contemporary cultural preferences of American laypeople in cross-race and same-race soft tissue profiles of East Asian and Caucasian models
No full textFacial esthetics play a pivotal role in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, but foundational research that informs contemporary orthodontic practice has been predominantly based on Caucasian populations. This limitation creates a gap when treating East Asian patients, who may have distinct esthetic preferences and facial characteristics. Our study seeks to analyze the influence of culture on esthetic preferences of laypeople in cross-race and same-race East Asian and Caucasian soft tissue profiles, identify differences in contemporary lip position and profile preferences, and evaluate the impact of raters’ ethnicity, and gender on preferences
