HOKUGA (Hokkai-Gakuen Organization of Knowledge Ubiquitous through Gaining Archives)
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TIME ALLOCATION AND FOOD CONSUMPTION AMONG THE KIWAI-SPEAKING PAPUAN OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA
No full textThis paper quantitatively examines time allocation and food consumption in the Kiwai-speaking village of Mawata on the southwestern coast of Papua New Guinea. The male villagers allocate 19.6% of day-time to food-getting activities, such as horticulture, coconut harvesting, fishing and hunting, which had constituted their traditional subsistence activities, 9.4% to sea cucumber processing, which starting in 1990 as a novel cash-earning activity, and 6.3% to the other productive actvities such as tool making and household maintenance, with the older males spending more time in food-getting activities than the younger. The female villagers allocate 17.5% of day-time to food-getting activities, 6.3% to sea cucumber processing and 17.4% to the other productive activities, with married females spending more time in household maintenance than unmarried females and elderly females. The difference in time allocation between sexes is markedly shown in the other productive activities and food preparation, to which females allocate more time. Nutrient intake per adult male per day of the villagers is estimated at almost the optimal level set by the standards of FAO/WHO. Although purchased foods make up over 70% of the energy and protein intake, traditional foods such as banana, taro, coconut, sago starch, fish, wild pig and wallaby, slightly exceed imported foods, such as rice, wheat flour, biscuits and sugar, as energy and protein intake. This means that in the Mawata village, the change in food consumption, caused by permeating cash economy, is due not only to the change of food items available but also to the change in the way of obtaining foods; the villagers purchase not only imported foods but also traditional ones. Comparing the Mawata villagers to the Gidra and the Mountain Ok in Western Province of Papua New Guinea, it is inferred that the former allocate some of their food-getting time to cash-earning activies, with the permeation of a cash economy. As a result, total time spent in productive activities differs little between the societies, whether they are based on a subsistence economy or partly influenced by a cash economy. Although a decrease in time spent in food-getting activities leads to a decline in the production of locally available foods, purchased foods are substituted for them
A Content-Based Approach to the Learning of Vocabulary Through Composition and Schematic Mapping
Full text linkThis paper is a preliminary study of the teaching of vocabulary to 1st year Japanese Studies majors in the newly created Faculty of Humanities of Hokkai Gakuen University. The teaching was centered around a theme-based student centered approach incorporating schematic mapping. The purpose behind this approach is an attempt to demonstrate to the students that they, not the teacher, are their own best resource when learning a new language, or anything else for that matter. The affective and cognitive components of this teaching approach are given a theoretical basis and presented as factors influencing student achievement in the classroom. It is hoped that exposing students to this approach will enable them to become aware of a learning strategy with which to continue their education beyond the classroom, that is, throughout their lives
KAMONO-CHOMEI HOJOKI IHON GARNERED IN "HOKUGA COLLECTION" OF THE HOKKAI GAKUEN LIBRARY.
No full textThis paper is a reprint of the "Hojoki" written by Kamonochomei, which is garnered in the "Hokuga Collection" of the Hokkai Gakuen University Library, with a bibliographic explanation. It is clear, among the "hojoki-Ryakuhon" group, "Hojoki" in "Hokuga Collection" has the closest relationship with "Chokyo-bon" group, especially the "Shokokan-bon", through examination of its postscript and text. However, verifying wards and the form of description adopted in the "Hojoki" in "Hokuga Collection", it is inferred that it might also relate to the "Saikanryaku-bon", which belongs to another group. Therefore, the "Hojoki" garnered in "Hokuga Collection" might be intermediate between the "Cyokyo-bon" group and the "Saikanryaku-bon" one. The "Hojoki" garnered in the "Hokuga Collection" is regarded as an important material to elucidate the genealogy of "Hojoki-ryaku-hon"
Gaikoku-jin shihi-ryugakusei (foreign students on their own expense) in Hokkaido now : Under the projects directed by the Ministry of Education
No full textThis report is written for the purpose of discussing some proposals on up-to-date foreign-student issues prior to the grant-in-aid research for Hokkaido titled "Foreign students studying at their own expense in universities and colleges in Hokkaido (北海道における外国人私費留学生)". The first half of this paper will give an overview of "Gaikokujin shihi-ryugakusei" in Japan in relation to the goverment program "Ryugakusei 10 man-nin keikaku (a plan for increasing the number of foreign students to 100,000 by the 21st century)". It will give the reader some ideas of who the "foreign students" are, how they are studying at universities and colleges and what problems are involved. When we compare foreign students living in Hokkaido with those in Tokyo and western parts of Japan, we find some distinctive features in Hokkaido: the ratio of the goverment-sponsored students (Kokuhi-ryugakusei) is nearly the same as those paying their own expenses (Shihi-ryugakusei). In areas such as Tokyo and Osaka, most foreign students are "Shihi-ryugakusei". There are only 725 students in total in Hokkaido and that is only one-seventh (1/7) of those in the Tokyo area. Why arethere fewer foreign students in Hokkaido? The authors discuss the reasons for this. In short, a discussion among members of the university community to find better solutions to attract foreign students to Hokkaido will be needed. The life of the foreign students studying at universities inHokkaido will be introdeced in the next chapter: how they live in a different society, what problems they have and what support they can get will be described. In fact, some support projects are organized by local public organizations. At the same time, tuition-fee reduction and scholarships are provided by the Association of International Education. These support projects help Shihi-ryugakusei to a great extent; however, the funding does not seem sufficient for the increasing number of students. Recently, thoughout Japan, more institutions have their own scholarships and support projects for assisting Shihi-ryugakusei and in Hokkaido, too, some have various support projects. Hokkaido University, Muroran Institute of Technology and Sapporo Universityare examples of such institutions. Lastly what foreign students actually tell their teachers will be briefly reported
A Survey of Some Works of Art on the Theme of "The Last Supper"
No full textThis paper consists of critical comments on each of the thirty-five works of art on the theme of "The Last Supper"; the works selected here are the ones which, except the very early ones, have deviated from and subsequently enriched the main stream. This survey has stumbled over the following two stones: Firstly, why was John the Evangelist, one of the twelve disciples, represented so often and over so long a period through the history of Christian fine arts, as dozing or sound sleeping, secure in the bosom of Jesus or close against him, at the very tense and solemn moment of the scene? He was portrayed as rude, indifferent, or lazy, apparently an anti-climax to the keen atmosphere; his somnolent figure, so established, hints as if he were canonized as the patron saint for the insomniacs. One suggestion this paper offers on the question of John's seemingly sacrilegious posture at the table of the Last Supper is that he was rendered in early works as leaning on Jesus' bosom, true to the Gospel according to St. John 13: 25, and this led later artists to accentuate John's privileged position and to portray him as closing his eyes in an ecstasy of thrilling joy. The next step was to describe him as securely and ill-manneredly sleeping prostrate on the table until it was established as a convention. Secondly, the baffling fact that in Tintorettoe's work painted for San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice Judas Iscariot is portrayed as sitting at the opposite side of the table just alone separate from the rest of the group-so far conventional-, clothed in the cardinal's habit, unmistakably so deep rich red. This figure is very similar in appearance to the cardinal, so intended and obvious in the established habit, pictured as sitting to the left side of Jesus across the table in The Feast in the House of Levi or miscarried The Last Supper by Paolo Veronese. This paper, however, simply raises the question, offering no answer
A Study of Communication Strategies : Comprehensibility of Japanese English
Full text linkThis study investigates the possible differences in the use of Communication Strategies (CSs) by English speakers of three different proficiency levels-intermediate, advanced, and native-in terms of the types and the frequency and their comprehensibility. The speakers narrated twenty sets of pictures, and their recorded narrations were listened to by thirty Japanese and thirty English native speakers to measure their comprehensibility. One-way chi-square was utilized to see the significant differences among the frequency of CSs used by the three speakers. A Two-Way ANOVA was used to see the significant differences among the means of comprehension tests by six equal groups. The results show that the intermediate speaker used far more CSs than the advanced speaker. No use of CSs was observed in the native speaker's data. As for comprehensibility, the higher the speaker's proficiency level was, the better his narrations were comprehended. In this paper, some pedagogical implications for the teach-ability of CSs are also discussed
