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République Démocratique du Congo, Carte administrative , Province du Sankuru, Territoire de Kole
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International Symposium Paul Coremans A Belgian Monuments Man and His Impact on the Preservation of Cultural Heritage Worldwide
Full text linkInternational Conference, Brussels • 15, 16 and 17 June 2015
Peindre en France : trente ans de recherches sur les manuscrits à peintures en France, 1440-1520
Full text linkColloque international organisé par l'IRPA et l'Université de Genève.
Genève, vendredi 17 et samedi 18 novembre 2023
Global atmospheric inversion of the anthropogenic NH3 emissions over 2019-2022 using the LMDZ-INCA chemistry transport model and the IASI NH3 observations
Full text linkAmmonia (NH3) emissions have been on a continuous rise due to extensive fertilizer usage in agriculture and increasing production of manure and livestock. However, the current global-to-national NH3 emission inventories exhibit large uncertainties. We provide atmospheric inversion estimates of the global NH3 emissions over 2019–2022 at 1.27° × 2.5° horizontal and daily (at 10 d scale) resolution. We use IASI-ANNI-NH3-v4 satellite observations, simulations of NH3 concentrations with the chemistry transport model LMDZ-INCA, and the finite difference mass-balance approach for inversions of global NH3 emissions. We take advantage of the averaging kernels provided in the IASI-ANNI-NH3-v4 dataset by applying them consistently to the LMDZ-INCA NH3 simulations for comparison to the observations and then to invert emissions. The average global anthropogenic NH3 emissions over 2019–2022 are estimated as ∼97 (94–100) Tg yr−1, which is ∼61 % (∼55 %–65 %) higher than the prior Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) inventory's anthropogenic NH3 emissions and significantly higher than two other global inventories: CAMS's anthropogenic NH3 emissions (by a factor of ∼1.8) and the Calculation of AMmonia Emissions in ORCHIDEE (CAMEO) agricultural and natural soil NH3 emissions (by ∼1.4 times). The global and regional budgets are mostly within the range of other inversion estimates. The analysis provides confidence in their seasonal variability and continental- to regional-scale budgets. Our analysis shows a rise in NH3 emissions by ∼5 % to ∼37 % during the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 over different regions compared to the same-period emissions in 2019. However, this rise is probably due to a decrease in atmospheric NH3 sinks due to the decline in NOx and SO2 emissions during the lockdowns
