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The Internationalization of Communications Law
Get PDFLaw arises from custom and precedents as well as from formal legislation. It is • constantly mixing these in different combinations, developing and changing to meet different historical needs and creating diverse jungles of regulations and interpretations among human societies.
Differences in the various national systems of law contribute to even greater complexities in international relations, which nations constantly struggle to resolve through a body of understandings, agreements and treaties based on negotiation and compromise: \u27international law\u27. If all else fails, they resort to remote or proximate threats of economic coercion and military force to impose control over their relationships.
This issue of Trends cannot hope to address all of this massive and labyrinthine topic. We therefore have limited ourselves to reviewing two areas of the international law of communications which are especially relevant to human dignity and which are undergoing especially rapid change: laws regulating speech and those dealing with the economics of telecommunications.
Many of the legal issues dealt with here have first been argued before courts in the United States, which has more lawyers and more litigation per capita than any other country. The discussion therefore tends to have an American emphasis; but the issues affect the right to communicate of everyone on earth
Educational Broadcasting
Get PDFPioneers of new communication technologies such as Edison and Marconi hoped that one of the major uses of their inventions would be to bring education to the masses. Lord Reith, the founder of the BBC public service concept of broadcasting, emphasized education in his famous triad, summarizing the aims of the BBC: \u27to educate, to inform and to entertain\u27. The biggest markets and returns on capital investment were to be found in providing entertainment, however, and the less regulated broadcasters moved steadily in that direction. Today, broadcasting is firmly fixed in the minds of the public as primarily a means of entertainment.
In the last twenty years, however, the use of radio and TV in education has come back into the limelight. Most striking is the variety of new educational services appearing and the ingenious combinations of old and new technologies. With the new confidence in educational broadcasting, millions of people have gained access to the kind of education they need when they need it.
Broadcast instruction is becoming less a stepchild of educational systems and more often their showcase. The Open University ofBritish television, treated with scepticism when it was given its Royal Charter in 1969, now annually enrols an average of 60,000 students and has awarded nearly 100,000 undergraduate degrees.
The success of the Open University has encouraged adaptations of it in some twenty countries. Educational broadcasting is especially significant for developing countries. The Latin American Federation of Educational Radio (ALER} reports that its fifty or more affiliated systems operating in virtually all countries of the continent have more than one million students in basic education courses and more than fifteen million who are benefitting from educational open broadcasting in agriculture, health and grassroots organizations.
At the same time, the road to today\u27s expertise in educational broadcasting has been littered with costly, frustrating failures. This issue of Trends calls attention to the many potential uses of broadcasting for education and, especially, to the ways that it can be a more effective learning experience for students
A Universal LSTM Stock Price Predictor Utilizing News Sentiment Analysis and Technical Indicators
No full textThe stock market is influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including historical price trends, technical indicators, news sentiment, and macroeconomic conditions. Traditional stock prediction models typically focus on a single stock, limiting their ability to capture broader market relationships. Investors require a model that can accurately forecast price movements across multiple stocks to optimize trading decisions.
We propose a universal stock prediction model that leverages relationships across all S&P 500 stocks. Unlike traditional single-stock models, our approach utilizes a multi-stock LSTM architecture trained on a combination of historical stock prices, technical indicators, and news sentiment. The model is designed to capture hidden interdependencies between stocks, enabling it to predict how breaking news about one company may influence the prices of others.
Our model builds upon insights from baseline experiments, where we tested various input combinations to determine the most impactful features. By isolating different input categories in our baselines, we identified that stock prices, technical indicators, and news sentiment provided the highest predictive accuracy. The universal model integrates these factors and learns market-wide patterns to improve overall forecast reliability.
By incorporating market-wide learning, our approach aims to enhance short-term stock price predictions beyond traditional methods. We validate our model’s performance against multiple baselines, demonstrating its potential to help investors make more informed trading decisions
Autonomous Vehicle Software Update with Blockchain: A Simulation Platform
No full textThe rapid growth of connected and autonomous vehicles demands robust and scalable security solutions. This project introduces AVSWU-Pack, a modular simulation framework designed to evaluate and simulate blockchain-based communication in autonomous vehicular networks adapted directly from Dr. Gabriel Solomon’s work(2). Built on top of Veins, SUMO, INET, and OMNeT++, the platform enables vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle communication with secure data exchange via gRPC-based integration with a Polkadot blockchain node. The simulation framework utilizes a Veins-like project built with Polkadot-Substrate to simulate a VANET that communicates vehicle information to the blockchain. Deployable in a basic VirtualBox environment, the system enables controlled experimentation, standardized workspace, and real-time data. Further encouraging research for decentralized trust models, smart contract enforcement, and transaction-based messaging for the realistic urban mobility scenarios. Dr. Gabriel Solomon’s results validate the framework’s ability to simulate urban environments with message propagation, validate and monitor transactions, and communication using a blockchain
NetGen: Network Traffic Generator
No full textThis project will investigate the development of a transformer-based machine learning model (NetGen), with the purpose of generating realistic and usable synthetic network traffic from natural language inputs. Network research and testing in the cybersecurity field depend on publicly available packet data (PCAP). Many of these datasets are either outdated or fail to represent more modern traffic patterns. We attempt to address this issue by preprocessing available network data into structured and tokenized sequences, suitable for training a transformer model. The transformer architecture allows us to translate user-provided descriptions—“simulate a TCP handshake from IP A to IP B”—into structurally accurate network packet streams. The e↵ectiveness of NetGen was evaluated using custom metrics that include Header Completeness, Sequence Consistency Index, and Field Validity Rate, helping to demonstrate the viability of transformer-based packet generators. Our best 90 M-parameter checkpoint achieves a Header-Completeness (HC) of 0.65, Sequence-Consistency Index (SCI) of 0.43, and Field-Validity Rate (FVR) of 0.93 demonstrating that NetGen has the capacity to reproduce long-range protocol structures. We aim to improve accessibility to realistic network traffic while significantly reducing the technical complexity associated with generating network traffic for academic researchers, cybersecurity professionals, and educators
Lock and Roll
No full textAs electronic bikes continue to increase in popularity, cycling has become a means of daily travel for more and more people. However, as the price and quantity of these consumer bicycles increase in public areas, so does the probability of their theft. Newer bikes, especially those with onboard electronics, are a priority target for thieves.
Lock and Roll, therefore, is an advanced smart bike wheel lock that aims to address the growing demands for increased bike security. By providing a variety of security features, such as GPS positioning, a gyroscopic alarm system, and remote monitoring, Lock and Roll represents a new age of electronic bike security alternatives. Our lock mounts directly to the frame of the cycle, immobilizing the front or rear wheel while locked. By incorporating NFC and SMS technology, we allow users to have convenient, keyless locking
StOMP: The Student Organization Management Portal
No full textAt Santa Clara University (SCU), student organizations play a vital role in student expression and development. The Center for Student Involvement (CSI) supports these organizations. However, both student organization leaders and CSI are hindered by administrative inefficiencies. The core issue lies in inconsistent and ad hoc processes of submitting, tracking, and approving various requests, such as booking event spaces and processing reimbursements. To address these shortcomings, our team has created a web application in collaboration with student organization leaders and CSI professional staff. The platform serves as a one-stop shop for all essential functions, including event bookings, reimbursements, and policy information. This approach aims to enhance communication, accountability, and compliance while minimizing confusion and delays
Piloted Autonomous Crisis Reconnaissance Robot 2.0 (PACRR 2.0)
No full textPACRR 2.0 (Piloted Autonomous Crisis Reconnaissance Robot, version 2) builds upon the original low-cost, autonomous-capable quadruped platform by enhancing both mobility and environmental perception for first-responder applications such as search and rescue, gas leak detection, and mapping of confined or hazardous areas. In PACRR 2.0, we integrate an RGB-D camera with analytic inverse kinematics and frame-based motion planning to achieve precise foot placement and stable quasi-static gaits even on sloped or uneven terrain. An NVIDIA Jetson processor runs high-level control and mapping alongside a Raspberry Pi 4 to manage motor control. Through simulation, we demonstrate robust 3D map generation and center-of-gravity stabilization under varying inclinations
Los Estudios Latinoamericanos Ante el Renacimiento Psicodélico
No full textThe chapter analyzes erasures and appropriations that the discourse of the psychedelic renaissance arising in the Global North imposes on long-standing practices in indigenous societies and countercultural environments. It also suggests ways in which a critical Humanities can, from a Latin American perspective, offer more inclusive understandings of the psychedelic experience