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Designing an Ergonomic Trolley for Coffee Husk Waste Collection at PT. XYZ
No full textThe global increase in coffee production has resulted in significant coffee processing waste, particularly wet coffee husks. PT. Sumatera Arabika Gayo (SAG), a processor of Arabica coffee, faces challenges in managing coffee husk waste from the pulper machine, leading to production disruptions and environmental concerns. This study aims to design an ergonomic trolley to improve waste handling efficiency, reduce musculoskeletal disorder risks, and support workplace comfort and safety. The research used a descriptive method with direct observation, interviews, and anthropometric data analysis of workers. The findings revealed that manual waste transport causes physical complaints such as back pain, shoulder strain, and wrist discomfort. A RULA score of 10 indicated a very high-risk level, necessitating immediate ergonomic intervention. The trolley was designed using the EASNE principles (effective, safe, healthy, comfortable, efficient) and customized to the anthropometric data of 50 workers. In conclusion, the use of an ergonomic trolley reduces physical workload, enhances waste transfer efficiency, and provides a more sustainable waste management solution for PT. SAG, contributing to a healthier work environment and improved operational performance.65 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Topsis Method with Entropy Weighting in Ranking the Well-Being of Society across Provinces in Indonesia
No full textThis study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the application of the TOPSIS
method with entropy weighting in ranking the well-being of society across provinces in
Indonesia. Entropy weighting is used to determine the relative weight of each criterion
based on the variation of available data, while the TOPSIS method is applied to further
process the data and produce the well-being ranking. The results of this study show a
more objective ranking, with the most influential criteria on societal well-being being
the percentage of the poor population and the open unemployment rate. Bali province
is identified as the province with the highest level of well-being.61 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Diversity of Birds (Aves) in Arboretum Area Universitas Sumatera Utara, Kwala Bekala, Deli Serdang, North Sumatera
No full textThe diversity of birds (Aves) in Arboretum at Universitas Sumatera Utara has potential to serve as an enviromental bioindicator and supports as a conservation area for bird species conservation. This research was conducted for 4 weeks at Universitas Sumatera Utara, Kwala Bekala. The aimed was to determine bird diversity and to analyze diversity index (H’) and evenness (E’), as well as to examine the Time Square (Bird Encounter Time Segment) value. The method used was by direct observation using line transect method combined with the Point Count method. The result showed that 51 speccies of birds have recorded, consisted of 10 orders and 28 families. The bird diversity index has reached 2.851, and the bird evenness has 0.797. The order Passeriformes has the highest number with total 23 species. The most dominant species was Asian House Martin (Delichon dasypus), with popolation 591. The conservation status in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List has identified two categories, with the highest number of species 50 falling under the Least Concern category, and only one species, Acridotheres javanicus, classified as Vulnerable. Nine species have listed under Appendix II of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and have protected under Government Regulation, Minastry of Environment and forestry Number. P.20 Year 2018. The highest time square analysis values have recorded as follows, transect 1 was Pernis ptilorhyncus with time square in the morning and Bubulcus ibis in the evening both with time square 5 minutes. Transect 2 was Dicrurus sumatranus in the morning with time square 3.5 minutes. Transect 3 was Aviceda leuphotes, Haliastrus indus, Treron vernans with time square in the morning and Eurystomus orientalis with time square in the evening with a duration of 3 minutes. Transect 4 was Eurystomus orientalis in the evening with a duration of 3 minutes.83 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Flood Risk Study in Langkat Regency Area Based on Geographic Information System
No full textLangkat Regency, located in North Sumatra Province, is an area prone to
flood disasters, especially during the rainy season. This vulnerability is due to high
rainfall intensity, inadequate secondary and tertiary drainage systems, and poorly
managed riverbank areas. Recurrent floods have caused damage to infrastructure,
agricultural land, and disrupted community activities in the region.
This study aims to assess the flood risk level in Langkat Regency by using
a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. The method used involves
overlaying flood hazard maps with flood vulnerability maps. Hazard analysis was
conducted using rainfall data for 10, 25, and 50-year return periods. Meanwhile,
physical vulnerability was assessed based on land use, landform, slope gradient,
and drainage density. Social vulnerability was determined by calculating the
population density in each sub-district.
The results of the study show that for the 50-year return period, areas with
low risk cover 2153 km² (82,17%), and high risk 467 km² (17,82%). For the 25
year return period, areas with moderate flood risk dominate Langkat Regency,
covering an area of 2080 km² (79.39%), while high-risk areas cover 540 km²
(20.61%). For the 10-year return period, moderate-risk areas reach 2381 km²
(90.88%) and high-risk areas 239 km² (9.12%). These findings are expected to
provide significant input for local governments and related stakeholders in
formulating flood risk management policies, spatial planning control, and flood
disaster mitigation in Langkat Regency.107 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Association between Visceral Adiposity Index and The Incidence of Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
No full textIntroduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the leading metabolic disease in Indonesia. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a major complication of T2DM, was associated with insulin resistance and adipose dysfunction. Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) is a tool to measure visceral fat as the indicator of adipose dysfunction and insulin sensitivity. The association between VAI and DPN has not been widely researched, especially in Indonesia.
Aim: This study aims to assess the association between them.
Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with T2DM at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, from December 2024 to March 2025. DPN was assessed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), consisting of a questionnaire (MNSI A) and physical examination (MNSI B). VAI was calculated using waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride level, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. A bivariate analysis was conducted to compare mean VAI values between patients with and without DPN and to assess correlations between VAI and MNSI scores.
Results. The median VAI value in the DPN group was 2.863 (0.401–11.665), slightly higher than in the non-DPN group, which was 2.549 (0.781–17.414), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.34). No statistically significant correlation was found between VAI and MNSI A score (r=0.092; p=0.42) or MNSI B score (r=0.12; p=0.31).
Conclusion. There was no significant association between VAI and DPN in patients with T2DM.68 PagesTesis Magiste
Analysis of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Cites) 1973 on Illegal Trade in Komodo Dragon (Varanus Komodoensis) as a Protected Animal in Indonesia
No full textThe Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) is an endemic Indonesian species
currently classified as endangered and listed under Appendix I of CITES, which
prohibits international trade in the species except for specific non-commercial
purposes. This research aims to analyze the regulatory framework of CITES in
providing legal protection for Komodo dragons, examine the implementation of
these rules within Indonesia‟s national legal system, and identify the factors
hindering its effective enforcement in preventing illegal trade.
This study uses a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach,
focusing on legal instruments and international conventions ratified by Indonesia.
Data were collected through literature review involving primary, secondary, and
tertiary legal sources.
The findings indicate that although CITES has been ratified through Presidential
Decree No. 43 of 1978 and incorporated into various national regulations—such
as Law No. 5 of 1990 jo Law No. 32 of 2024 and Government Regulation No. 8 of
1999—illegal trade of Komodo dragons continues to occur. Key obstacles to
CITES implementation in Indonesia include weak law enforcement, lack of
interagency coordination, and low public awareness regarding the importance of
species conservation.
This study recommends strengthening monitoring mechanisms, enhancing the
capacity of law enforcement officials, and increasing public education as concrete
steps to optimize the legal protection of Komodo dragons through effective CITES
implementation in Indonesia.124 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Reliability Optimization Model for Ambulance Travel Time in Smart City
No full textSmart City is a city built to create an efficient, sustainable, fair and livable city. To increase the percentage of citizen survival both in normal times and in emergencies or Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is one of the main pillars of a smart city. In reality, deaths still often occur during ambulance trips, especially in emergencies. The initial problem arises because there is no complete and comprehensive connectivity and integration between ambulances, travel routes, hospitals and patients so that the response time is not optimal. The next problem is that ambulances conventionally handle travel problems with natural routes without any ambulance travel engineering and continue the journey to the hospital with priority, this causes the ambulance service time to be suboptimal. Therefore, a response time optimization model and a service time optimization model are proposed to overcome this problem. This study develops previous research by considering the probability factor of the integration system in a smart city and the dynamic travel time factor, namely the minimum travel time between two locations. From the model that has been tested in the Excel Solver experiment, we calculated a response time of 3 minutes, while in the Python3 experiment we obtained the service time of 27.80 minutes, where this time does not exceed the safety time limit set by the World Health Organization WHO106 pagesDisertasi Dokto
Full Diallel Crossing of Two Parental Local Cultivars from Padang Lawas Regency, Sibara and Sibayur, with the New Superior Variety Fatmawati.
No full textRice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop consumed in large quantities compared to other food crops. Increasing rice production is necessary to keep pace with population growth and reduce rice imports. The use of high-yielding varieties can be a solution to improve production and national food security. This study aimed to determine the crossability of parents in forming F1 seeds from several crossing combinations. This research provides valuable insights into parental lines in F1 seed formation and offers an initial population for selection in plant breeding, which can be utilized in combining ability analysis. The research was conducted at the Screenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, at an altitude of ± 25 meters above sea level, from August 2024 to February 2025. A full diallel crossing method was used, involving two local cultivars (Sibayur and Sibara) and the Fatmawati variety. Hand pollination was employed to cross the three parents, resulting in six crossing combinations. The results showed that the average percentage of F1 seeds formed per panicle ranged from 14.00% to 86.00%. The highest average percentage of F1 seeds formed per panicle was 86.00% found in the Fatmawati variety x Sibara cultivar combination, while the lowest was 14.00% found in the Sibara cultivar x Fatmawati variety combination. The cross-ability of parents to form F1 seeds was evident in the wide range of F1 seed formation percentages, and the parents showed no significant difference in cross-ability with their reciprocal in forming F1 seeds.64 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Substituting Wheat Flour with Gluten-Free Porang Tuber Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) on the Chemical and Organoleptic Qualities of Beef Nuggets
No full texthealth. However, due to its relatively high cost, it needs to be processed into
more economical and accessible products. One such processed product is beef
nuggets, which typically use wheat flour as a filler. However, wheat flour contains
gluten, which may cause health issues for certain individuals. Therefore, wheat
flour can be substituted with gluten-free porang flour, which contains
glucomannan—a compound that has high water-binding capacity and functions
similarly to wheat flour. This study employed proximate analysis to evaluate
moisture, fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents, and used a Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) with five levels of porang flour substitution (0%, 5%,
10%, 15%, and 20% of the meat weight), each with four replications. Organoleptic
tests, including hedonic and hedonic quality evaluations, were conducted to assess
consumer preference and acceptance. The results showed that the best treatment
was found at 15% porang flour substitution (P3), with moisture, protein, fat, ash,
and carbohydrate contents of 69.02±0.66, 15.09±0.14, 2.31±0.70, 2.20±0.71, and
11.37±1.11, respectively. The product in this treatment was still well accepted by
the panelists.65 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Potential and Tourist Profile of Sipinsur Tourism Destination in Pearung Village, Paranginan District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency
No full textSipinsur Tourism Destination is one of the natural tourism areas located within the Toba Caldera region, specifically in Pearung Village, Paranginan District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Its main attraction lies in the expansive view of Lake Toba from above, combined with the beauty of pine forests and the cool mountain air. This research is motivated by the importance of developing tourism destinations based on local potential and understanding the profiles of visiting tourists. The research questions addressed are: what are the potentials of the Sipinsur tourism destination, and what are the profiles and behaviors of the visitors? The objective of this study is to explore the existing potentials and analyze the tourist profiles in order to provide a more targeted development strategy. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach through field observations, interviews with site managers and local communities, as well as data collection from visitor records in 2024. The data were thematically analyzed to describe the physical potential, geological features, forest ecosystem, educational values, local culture, as well as accessibility and supporting facilities available in the Sipinsur area.The research findings indicate that Sipinsur holds significant potential through its scenic landscape of Lake Toba, geological formations as part of the Toba Caldera, pine forest areas suitable for nature and educational tourism, and local wisdom preserved within the surrounding community. Supporting facilities such as parking areas, food stalls, public toilets, and road access are available, although improvements are still needed. The majority of tourists come from North Sumatra and nearby provinces, predominantly aged between 20–40 years, with primary motivations for family recreation and nature exploration.The conclusion of this study is that the Sipinsur tourism destination possesses great potential to be developed as a leading nature and culture-based tourism site in the Lake Toba region, through promotional and management strategies aligned with visitor characteristics and the area’s local assets.68 PagesKertas Karya Diplom