USU-IR Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Analysis of Protein and Amylose Content in Crossbred Soybean Lines (Glycine max L.)
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the protein and amylose content of eight F6 soybean (Glycine max L.) lines resulting from crosses of the first six (F6) generation. The study was conducted in the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, at an altitude of approximately 25 meters above sea level in July. A non-factorial completely randomized design (RBD) was used, using F6 soybean lines derived from crosses of three parents and a mutation line. The Bradford method was used for protein analysis, while amylose was analyzed spectrophotometrically. The results showed that the DEVON 2 line had the highest protein content (42.86%), and DERAP 1 the lowest (15.49%). The highest amylose content was found in DEGA 1 (23.83%), and the lowest in ANJ 2 (12.66%). The differences between the lines indicate significant genetic diversity. The DEVON 2 and DEGA 1 lines have the potential to be developed to meet the needs of the food industry.36 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Workload and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional I
No full textEmployee performance is an important element in achieving company goals, so it is necessary to understand the factors that influence it, particularly workload and job satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the effect of workload and job satisfaction on employee performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional I, as well as to test the role of job satisfaction as an intervening variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire instrument distributed to employees. Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS).The path analysis results show that job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a total effect coefficient of 0.935. Meanwhile, workload does not have a significant direct effect on performance, but it has a significant effect on job satisfaction with a total effect value of 0.492. The indirect effect test shows that workload has a significant effect on performance through job satisfaction with a value of 0.460. These findings confirm that job satisfaction acts as an intervening variable that fully mediates the relationship between workload and performance. Thus, workload cannot directly improve performance, but rather has an effect when it first improves employee job satisfaction.99 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Association of National Early Warning Score 2 with Short-Term Mortality among Neurocritical Patients at Adam Malik Hospital Medan
No full textBackground: Neurocritical patients are at high risk of early clinical deterioration and short-term mortality due to acute neurological injury accompanied by systemic physiological disturbances. Early assessment of disease severity is essential for identifying patients at increased risk of mortality. The National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) is a physiological scoring system designed to detect clinical deterioration; however, its association with short-term mortality in neurocritical patients requires further evaluation.
Objective: To determine the association between National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) and short-term mortality in neurocritical patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan.
Method: This was a prospective cohort study involving 62 neurocritical patients admitted to the ICU. NEWS2 was calculated using physiological parameters recorded within the first 24 hours of intensive care unit admission. The outcome was 14- day mortality. Bivariate analysis was performed to assess the association between NEWS2 and mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used as an additional method to evaluate the strength of the association and to identify the optimal cutoff value.
Result: The 14-day mortality rate was 64.5%, with a median NEWS2 score of 7 (range 2–14). A NEWS2 score >6 was significantly associated with increased 14- day mortality (RR 1.710; 95% CI: 1.109–2.638; p = 0.007). ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.768, with a sensitivity of 67.5% and specificity of 68.2% at the cutoff >6.
Conclusion: A significant association between NEWS2 score and short-term mortality was observed in neurocritical patients. Higher NEWS2 scores were associated with an increased risk of short-term mortality, supporting the role of NEWS2 as a clinical risk stratification tool in the ICU.134 PagesTesis Magiste
The Role of Communication in the Work Activities of Employees in the Assistant Inspectorate Section of the North Sumatra Inspectorate Office
No full textIn an organization, communication plays an important role as a driving force that connects people, teams, and ideas to achieve common goals. However, based on observations at the North Sumatra Provincial Inspectorate, specifically in the Assistant Inspectorate for Region One, various communication problems were found, such as miscommunication between employees, weak horizontal communication, and a lack of motivation among employees to implement good communi-cation. This study aims to determine the role of communication in the work activities of employees in the Assistant Inspectorate for Region One of the North Sumatra Provincial Inspectorate. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through three main techniques: direct observation, interviews with employees of the Assistant Inspectorate for Region One, and internal documentation of the institution. The communication methods used are still ineffective, causing disruption to work activities, which often arises from the lack of reciprocity in the reception of messages by employees, high levels of egoism, and the existence of a dominant perspective in creating good communication, while communication plays a very important role in employee work activities. Communication plays a very important role in the work activities of employees at the Regional Assistant Inspectorate. However, this role has not been carried out effectively and optimally due to obstacles such as a weak understanding of effective communication among human resources and a lack of skills in carrying out effective communication. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct open dialogue, effective conflict resolution, and training for employees on good communication.95 PagesKertas Karya Diplom
Evaluation of Rice Plant Diversity (Oryza sativa L.) F2 Results of Mercury-Tolerant Parent Crossbreeding
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the genetic diversity of F2 generation rice plants(Oryza sativa L.) resulting from the crossbreeding of five parents, namely IF-16,IR-64, Inpari-32, Cakra Buana, and Siganteng. The study was conducted at theExperimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra,fromJune to September 2025. The research material consisted of 10 F2 families andtheir reciprocals, each of which was planted with 65 plants. The parametersobserved included plant length, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, ageat panicle emergence, panicle length, harvest age, percentage of filled grains,percentage of empty grains, and grain yield per hill. The results showed highgenetic diversity in the agronomic traits observed. Heritability values varied fromlow to moderate to high. Several traits, such as the number of productive tillers andpercentage of filled grains, showed high heritability values, indicating a dominantgenetic role. Distribution analysis based on skewness and kurtosis values showedthat some traits were controlled by additive genes, while others were influenced byepistatic genes with polygenic inheritance patterns. The IF-16 x Cakra Buanagenotype was identified as having the highest grain yield, while the Inpari-32 xCakra Buana genotype had the lowest yield. Thus,the F2 population resulting fromthe cross between mercury-tolerant parents has the potential to be a geneticresource that can be utilized in rice breeding programs to produce superiorvarieties that are adaptive to environmental stresses and have high productivity.56 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Isolation and Sequencing of A cDNA Fragment of the pi-d2 Gene for Blast Disease Resistance in Sigudang Rice (Oryza sativa L.) from North Sumatra
No full textRice blast disease caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae is one of the
major threats to rice production. Several resistant genes have been identified to
confer resistance against blast disease, including the pi-d2 gene. The pi-d2 gene
encodes a Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK) protein involved in disease resistance
mechanisms. This study aimed to isolate and sequence a cDNA fragment of the pi-d2
gene associated with blast resistance in Sigudang rice (Oryza sativa L.) from North
Sumatra. Total RNA was isolated from rice leaves then synthesized into cDNA for
amplification. A pi-d2 gene fragment with a final length of 546 bp was successfully
amplified and sequenced. BLASTn analysis showed that the fragment exhibited 100%
identity when compared to the pi-d2 gene sequence of the rice cultivar Leung Pratew
(KP738455.1). The results of phylogenetic analysis of pi-d2 gene fragments from
Sigudang rice with 4 rice cultivars in GenBank (MZ570869.1, KP738455.1,
KX791057.1, KP738452.1) have 0 genetic distance indicating a conserved region.
The pi-d2 gene fragment of Sigudang rice has been registered in Genbank with the
accession code PX219890.1.53 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Development of An Indonesian Aphasia Assessment Instrument through A Language Network Correlation Approach in Primary Progressive Aphasia
No full textBackground: Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressive impairment of language, with substantial implications for patient care, early intervention, and long-term management. Despite its clinical importance, there is no Indonesian-language assessment tool specifically designed to capture the linguistic deficits of PPA. Linguistic features of Bahasa Indonesia—such as limited inflectional morphology and distinct syntactic and semantic structures—pose additional challenges for adopting instruments developed in English. This study aimed to develop and validate the Instrumen Afasia Neurodegeneratif Indonesia (IRFANI) as a culturally and linguistically appropriate tool for diagnosing and characterizing PPA in Indonesian speakers.
Methods:This multi-phase study included: (1) identification of relevant linguistic domains in PPA; (2) development of test specifications and item generation; (3) qualitative evaluation through expert review to establish content validity; (4) pilot testing; (5) quantitative psychometric evaluation; (6) assessment of construct validity and reliability using first- and second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA); (7) establishment of normative data and cut-off scores based on 300 healthy adults, (8) analysis of IRFANI performance in relation to cortical atrophy patterns in patients with PPA, and (9) diagnostic algorithm development. All procedures adhered to ethical standards.
Results: IRFANI was successfully developed, comprising seven core language domains aligned with the linguistic features that distinguish PPA variants. Expert review demonstrated strong content validity. CFA supported acceptable model fit for both subtest-level and second-order factor structures. Most items met psychometric criteria, and subtests showed high reliability. Normative scores and demographic-adjusted cut-offs were established. IRFANI scores correlated significantly with TADIR and MoCA-INA, and were sensitive to differences based on peak neuronal atrophy patterns, supporting its clinical utility. These findings informed the development of an IRFANI-based diagnostic algorithm for PPA.
Conclusion: IRFANI is a valid and reliable Indonesian-language assessment instrument for evaluating linguistic deficits in PPA. It provides a robust framework for early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and guiding individualized speech-language interventions. The tool contributes substantially to the advancement of neurocognitive assessment in Indonesia and holds potential as a national standard for PPA evaluation.264 PagesDisertasi Dokto
Association Between Serum Uric Acid Levels and the Incidence of Premature Rupture of Membranes at Adam Malik General Hospital and Its Affiliated Hospitals
No full textBackground: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is an obstetric
complication that contributes to maternal and perinatal morbidity. Uric acid has a
dual role as an antioxidant; however, at higher levels it may promote
inflammation. Therefore, alterations in maternal uric acid levels are presumed to
be associated with oxidative stress processes and increased vulnerability of the
fetal membranes. This study aimed to determine the association between serum
uric acid levels and the incidence of PROM at Adam Malik Hospital and affiliated
network hospitals.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Adam Malik
Hospital and network hospitals (Prof. dr. CPL USU Hospital and Pirngadi General
Hospital, Medan) from March to July 2025. Participants were divided into two
groups: pregnant women with PROM and pregnant women without PROM, with
25 subjects in each group (total n = 50).
Results: Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with
statistical tests selected according to data distribution. Most respondents were
aged 20–30 years (66%); the most common body mass index (BMI) category was
overweight (64%), and parity was predominantly primigravida (56%). The PROM
group had a higher BMI (median 29.2 kg/m²) than the non-PROM group (median
27.5 kg/m²; p = 0.001), and BMI category was significantly associated with
PROM (p = 0.034). Serum uric acid levels were lower in the PROM group
(median 3.7 mg/dL) than in the non-PROM group (median 5.4 mg/dL; p = 0.001).
There was a significant association between serum uric acid levels and PROM (p
= 0.008).
Conclusion: Serum uric acid levels were significantly associated with the
incidence of PROM among pregnant women at Adam Malik Hospital and
affiliated network hospitals.86 PagesTesis Magiste
Evo Morales' Leadership on Bolivia's Political Economy (2006 – 2019)
No full textBolivia is basically a geologically young Andes mountain region and one of the
largest coca and tin producing countries in the world. Bolivia has the second
largest natural gas reserves in Latin America after Venezuela. The economic and
political conditions in Bolivia have been influenced by the political elite of
European descent who speak Spanish since Bolivia became a new country.
During the military government era, Bolivia experienced very good economic
growth but there were many human rights violations and fiscal crises by the
military leadership model. This study aims to analyze the impact of Evo Morales'
leadership on the Political Economy in Bolivia, especially in 2006-2019. This
study uses Leadership Theory and Political Economy Theory. The method used in
this study is a descriptive qualitative research method using library study
techniques. Based on the results of the study, it shows that Evo Morales emerged
as a charismatic leader who was able to arouse the enthusiasm and confidence of
the people. He is a politician who has a vision for the future of his country and
inspires both friends and foreigners. By developing his own personality cult and
ideology, Evo Morales, through his MAS party, managed to position himself as an
alternative that was adjusted and more representative of the Bolivian people. His
presidency has brought a 180 degree change to the country in every way. Social
aspects. In the health sector, around 34 new hospitals and 1,061 health centers
were built. In terms of education, Bolivia is one of the countries with the highest
primary school attendance rates and high literacy rates. Around 1,206
educational units have been built during three terms of government (2006-2019).113 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Bioaccumulation Analysis of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Lake Siombak
No full textLead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal that is persistent and capable of accumulating in aquatic
organisms through bioconcentration and biomagnification processes. This study aimed to analyze Pb concentrations in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), determine the bioconcentration factor (BCF), and evaluate the influence of environmental factors on Pb accumulation in Lake Siombak, Medan City. Sampling was conducted at two observation sites, namely the Inlet and the Midlet, during the period of December 2024 to May 2025, representing the rainy season (DecemberFebruary) and the dry season (March–May). A total of 24 tilapia samples were collected, consisting of 12 fish from the Inlet and 12 fish from the Midlet, with two fish sampled at each station every month. In addition, 12 water samples were collected, comprising one sample per station per month during March–May 2025. Pb concentrations in water and fish muscle tissue were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), while water quality parameters including pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total suspended solids (TSS) were also measured. The results showed that Pb concentrations in Lake Siombak water ranged from approximately 0.10 to 0.15 mg/L, which were still below the water quality standards. However, Pb was detected in tilapia muscle tissue at concentrations ranging from approximately 0.07 to 18.1 mg/kg. This indicates that although Pb levels in water were relatively low, the metal could still
accumulate in fish through uptake from water and the aquatic food web. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Pb in tilapia ranged from approximately 5 to 9, with an average value of about 0.05, indicating a low accumulation capacity of Pb in Oreochromis niloticus. Statistical analysis showed that seasonal variation (rainy and dry seasons) had no significant effect on Pb concentrations in fish. Variations in Pb levels in fish tissues were more strongly influenced by fluctuations in water quality and the tidal hydrological dynamics of Lake Siombak than by biological factors of the fish. Despite the low BCF values, the presence of Pb in tilapia indicates that this species remains a potential bioindicator of Pb contamination in the waters of Lake Siombak.161 PagesSkripsi Sarjan