Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai
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Evolutionary patterns of structural disorder and post-translational modifications in the 18.5 kDa myelin basic protein
Get PDFMyelin basic protein (MBP, 18.5 kDa isoform) is a key structural component of the myelin sheath, where it drives multilayer compaction through electrostatic interactions and dynamic conformational transitions. Despite its functional importance, a comprehensive understanding of MBP’s evolutionary patterns of intrinsic disorder, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and sequence-derived properties across vertebrates have been lacking. Here, we analyzed MBP consensus sequences from six major vertebrate clades (Chondrichthyes, Teleostei, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia) using an integrated bioinformatic framework combining intrinsic disorder predictions, Shannon entropy-based complexity profiling, hydrophobic moment (μH) analyses, net charge per residue (NCPR) patterns, and experimentally supported PTM mapping. Our results reveal that MBP maintains a highly conserved intrinsically disordered architecture characterized by long N- and C-terminal IDRs and several clade-specific central IDRs. Teleosts exhibit a truncated N-terminal, lacking the first 15 residues, but compensate through additional positively charged residues downstream, preserving membrane-binding potential. Amphibians show unique insertions enriched in basic residues, leading to the longest MBPs and potentially enhanced lipid interactions. Shannon entropy and μH profiles demonstrate alternating conserved α-helices and flexible IDRs that overlap with PTM hotspots, particularly phosphorylation and citrullination sites, suggesting dynamic regulatory roles. NCPR analyses highlight a conserved electrostatic topology composed of alternating basic clusters and acidic/neutral dips, balancing reversible membrane adhesion with controlled aggregation. Together, these findings demonstrate that MBP combines strong structural conservation with lineage-specific adaptations in intrinsic disorder, charge distribution, and PTM patterning. This evolutionary flexibility likely underpins MBP’s ability to support functional diversity in myelin architecture while maintaining its essential role in vertebrate nervous system evolution.
Article history: Received 31 August 2025; Revised 4 December 2025; Accepted 05 December 2025; Available online 20 December 202
L’HÉRITAGE LEXICAL LATIN COMMUN À L’ANCIEN FRANÇAIS ET AU ROUMAIN : MOTS COMMENÇANT PAR LES LETTRES A, B ET C
Get PDFThe Latin Lexical Heritage Common to Old French and Romanian: Words Beginning with the Letters A, B and C. In our study, we propose to discuss some words of Old French (lexemes beginning with the letters A, B, and C) that have disappeared over time, being replaced by synonyms, internal lexical forms, or borrowings. These words were inherited from Latin, but for various reasons, sometimes difficult to discern, they have been lost or have become dialectal. The lexical items in question were mainly part of the fundamental vocabulary of French. After their identification, the words attested in French will be related to those passed down to Romanian. This fact illustrates that the two Romance languages were much closer in the past, with Romanian remaining much more conservative even today. To support our investigation, we relied heavily on the language facts inventoried by d\u27Algirdas Julien Greimas (DAF) regarding French and on some representative dictionaries (DLR, PEW, DELR) regarding Romanian. Such types of analyses help us to better understand the evolution of the Romance languages, as well as the lexical unit of the Romance languages.
REZUMAT. Moștenirea lexicală latinească comună vechii franceze și românei: cuvinte care încep cu literele A, B și C. În studiul nostru, ne propunem să discutăm pe marginea unor unităţi lexicale prezente în vechea franceză (lexeme ce încep cu literele A, B și C), care, de-a lungul timpului, au dispărut, fiind înlocuite prin sinonime, prin creații lexicale interne ori prin împrumuturi. Cuvintele avute în vedere au fost moștenite din latină, însă, din diverse motive, uneori greu de întrevăzut, s-au pierdut sau au devenit dialectale. Este vorba despre elemente lexicale care, în principal, au făcut parte din vocabularul fundamental al francezei. După identificarea lor, cuvintele atestate în franceză vor fi puse în legătură cu cele transmise limbii române, ilustrând faptul că cele două limbi romanice erau mult mai apropiate în trecut, româna rămânând mult mai conservatoare chiar și în zilele noastre. În sprijinul investigației noastre, pentru limba franceză, ne-am bazat în bună măsură pe faptele de limbă inventariate de către d’Algirdas Julien Greimas (DAF), iar, în ceea ce privește româna, pe unele dicționare reprezentative (DLR, PEW, DELR). Asemenea analize, precum cea de față, ne ajută să înțelegem mult mai bine evoluția limbilor romanice, ca, de altfel, și unitatea lexicală de odinioară a acestora.
Cuvinte-cheie: limba latină, limba franceză (veche), limba română, studiu comparativ, lexic, dicționare, unitate lexicală
Article history: Received 30 January 2025; Revised 20 February 2025; Accepted 15 March 2025;
Available online 12 December 2025; Available print 30 December 202
A CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE EVENT-PERCEPTION CONSTRUCTIONS IN ROMANIAN
Get PDFA Corpus-Based Analysis of the Event-Perception Constructions in Romanian. Consistent with cross-linguistic patterns, perception verbs in Romanian typically take two arguments: an Experiencer/Agent, and a Theme. The Theme argument can be expressed in three main syntactic forms: (i) as a determiner phrase (DP), (ii) as a finite or non-finite clause (CP), or (iii) as a restructured configuration. These options show different syntactic behaviours and constraints related to subject licensing, aspect, and the perception of events versus states. The paper presents a corpus-based analysis of Event-Perception Constructions (EPCs) in Romanian, focusing on the interaction between the type of perception verb (a vedea ‘see’, a auzi ‘hear’), the semantic–aspectual class of the embedded predicate, and the choice of clausal complement (că-, cum-, or gerundive structures). Using data from the RoTenTen2021 corpus, the study examines EPCs with verbs that denote non-volitional or semi-volitional physiological and emotional events. The analysis shows that the distribution of complement types is influenced by both sensory salience (visual, auditory, or dual-modality events) and aspectual properties (atelic activities, semelfactives, punctual achievements). Gerunds are favored for processual construals, cum-clauses for manner or dynamic unfolding, and că-clauses for factual perception. Verbs with balanced perceptual profiles (e.g., a plângе ‘cry’, a râde ‘laugh’) occur freely with all complement types across modalities, while those with a strongly marked sensory channel (e.g., a sforăi ‘snore’, a roși ‘blush’) display more restricted patterns.
REZUMAT. O analiză de corpus a construcțiilor de percepție evenimențială în limba română. În concordanță cu modelele din alte limbi, și în limba română verbele de percepție au de obicei două argumente: Experimentator/Agent și Temă. Argumentul tematic poate fi exprimat în trei forme sintactice primare: (i) ca grup al determinantului (DP), (ii) ca propoziție subordonată (CP) sau (iii) ca structură sintactică reorganizată. Aceste opțiuni au comportamente sintactice și constrângeri diferite legate de autorizarea subiectului, de aspect și de tipul de percepție a obiectelor, a evenimentelor sau a stărilor. Articolul de față prezintă o analiză bazată pe corpus a construcțiilor de percepție a evenimentelor (EPC) în limba română, concentrându-se pe interacțiunea dintre tipul verbului de percepție (a vedea, a auzi), clasa semantico-aspectuală a predicatului din subordonată și alegerea complementului propozițional (structuri introduse prin complementizatorii că-, cum- sau construcții gerunziale). Folosind date din corpusul RoTenTen2021, studiul examinează EPC-urile cu verbe care denotă evenimente fiziologice și emoționale nonvolitive sau semivolitive. Analiza arată că distribuția tipurilor de compliniri este influențată atât de proeminența senzorială (evenimente vizuale, auditive sau cu modalitate duală), cât și de proprietățile aspectuale (activități atelice, semelfactive, realizări punctuale). Gerunziile sunt favorizate pentru construcțiile procesuale, subordonatele introduse prin cum pentru desfășurarea dinamică, iar subordonatele cu că pentru percepția factuală. Verbe cu profiluri perceptive echilibrate (de exemplu, a plângе, a râde) apar fără restricții cu toate tipurile de complementare, pe când cele cu un canal senzorial puternic marcat (de exemplu, a sforăi, a roși) prezintă limitări contextuale.
Cuvinte-cheie: limba română, verb de percepție, construcție de percepție a evenimentelor, pseudo-relativă, , lingvistică de corpus
Article history: Received 31 August 2025; Revised 2 November 2025; Accepted 7 November 2025; Available online 12 December 2025; Available print 30 December 2025
G. Herrera Peña, Sinfonía de acentos. Rasgos de la variante guatemalteca del español, Ciudad de Guatemala: Editorial La Pepita, 2025, 93 p.
Get PDFSi desde el punto de vista dialectal Guatemala fue durante muchos años, en certeras palabras de Lope Blanch (1968: 89), "una de las modalidades peor conocidas hasta ahora" de la América hispánica, no cabe duda de que, por fortuna, tal situación de desconocimiento se ha dejado definitivamente atrás, pues − sin negar la necesidad de mayor investigación sobre cuestiones puntuales como, por ejemplo, la variación dialectal y sociolingüística − la aparición de un conjunto no menor de estudios de muy diverso enfoque y distinta naturaleza permite obtener ya datos de indudable interés sobre la(s) forma(s) como los guatemaltecos emplean el español. Aunque son muchas las investigaciones que se podrían citar al respecto, quizá no esté de más señalar la especial relevancia de aquellas que se deben a Guillermina Herrera Peña, quien en estos momentos constituye la más profunda conocedora de las variedades lingüísticas que conviven en el país, y de ahí que sea de agradecer la aparición de un trabajo como el que se reseña en estas páginas, en el que se compendian y se exponen de forma detallada y accesible las principales características que las identifican
Some existence results for a class of parabolic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions
Get PDFUsing the Galerkin approximation and a family of potential wells, we establish the existence of a global weak solution under appropriate conditions. Additionally, we provide a result on the blow-up and asymptotic behavior of certain solutions with positive initial energy.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 35A01, 35K05, 35K55.
Received 22 March 2025; Accepted 20 July 2025
Characterization and stability of essential pseudospectra by measure of polynomially inessential operators
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In this article, we investigate the essential pseudospectra through the framework of polynomially inessential operators, which extends the class of polynomially strictly singular operators and provides a broader setting for Fredholm-type perturbations. We establish new results on the behavior of the essential pseudospectrum of closed linear operators on Banach spaces under perturbations by polynomially inessential operators. Moreover, we apply these results to study the influence of such perturbations on the left (resp. right) Weyl essential pseudospectra and the left (resp. right) Fredholm essential pseudospectra. In addition, we give a description of the essential pseudospectrum of the sum of two bounded linear operators. Finally, an application is provided to characterize the pseudo left (resp. right) Fredholm spectra of 2 × 2 block operator matrices.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 47A10, 47A53, 47B06, 47A11.
Received 03 December 2024; Accepted 08 October 2025
WHAT KIND OF SONG IS POURING OUT FROM THE CLASSROOMS. PART 1: WARM UP IN THE CLASSROOM
Get PDFThis study explores the methodology of vocal warm-up in the context of Hungarian classroom music education, emphasizing the importance of age-appropriate, conscious voice training practices. Drawing on historical pedagogical texts and the author\u27s extensive teaching experience, the paper distinguishes between voice training and warm-up routines, advocating for structured yet flexible warm-up sequences at the start of every lesson. Key methodological principles are presented, including body posture, breathing techniques, resonance development, and articulatory awareness. Rather than focusing on theoretical explanations, the study offers practical strategies to help children develop good singing habits
STUDENT TYPOLOGIES IN MUSIC TEACHER EDUCATION
Get PDFThe monitoring of student perspectives and preconceptions of teacher candidates has become an area of growing interest in educational research. Through such investigations, teacher education can more effectively support the processes of professional socialization and actively shape the development of professional aidentity. In our research, we examined university students enrolled in music teacher education programs. By analyzing their career conceptions, we identified various attitudes and explored the underlying characteristics that define distinct student profiles. This study presents a segment of our broader research project, focusing on career factors that influence teacher candidates’ orientation and the student typologies emerging from them. Based on our findings, we identified five student types, the recognition of which highlights the need for more supportive and personalized approaches in addition to the development of professional competences, in order to strengthen the effectiveness of music teacher education and foster long-term commitment to the teaching profession
THE ACOUSTICS OF ORTHODOX CHURCHES BETWEEN BYZANTINE TRADITION, LITURGICAL EXPERIENCE AND MUSICAL CHALLENGE
Get PDFThe study examines the acoustics of Orthodox churches as a constitutive dimension of the liturgical experience, at the intersection between Byzantine tradition, musical practice and contemporary architectural choices in Romania. Starting from the coexistence of two sonic traditions – psaltic (monodic) and choral (polyphonic) – the research shows how the parameters of space (dome, vaults, iconostasis, materials) shape the intelligibility of the text and the ethos of chant. The results suggest that psaltic chant ‘flourishes’ in ample reverberations with slow tempi and sustained ison, while choral chant requires a balance between resonance and clarity for the text and the verticality of harmony. It is proposed that acoustics be integrated from the earliest stages of design and restoration in order to optimize the relationship between timbral beauty and the intelligibility of the word. Conclusion: sacred space must also be thought of as sound space; acoustics, treated as a “sonic icon”, enhances the catechetical, mystagogical, and communal function of liturgical chant
CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN GENRES AND STYLES OF POPULAR MUSIC IN THE LIGHT OF JACQUES DERRIDA’S CONCEPT OF HAUNTOLOGY
Get PDFThe article in its first part discusses the concepts of genre and style and the issues these concepts pose in relation to the American popular music of the second half of the 20th century. The second part of the article considers the sources and consequences of the reappearance of those historical genres in contemporary music (since the beginning of the 21st century), situating these considerations in the context of Jacques Derrida’s hauntology