Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai
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A református peregrináció kollektív és személyes emlékezete a kora újkorban
Get PDFThe Collective and Personal Memory of Reformed Peregrination in the Early Modern Period. In the Early Modern Period, Reformed students in Hungary created a complex network. This network helped them to organize their university studies abroad. The memory of the peregrination is documented in ego-documents and other records. The culture of memory was maintained by a complex network of personal and collective elements. The oral tradition played an important role in the system, as much information was preserved by word of mouth. Written sources of memory survive in student lists, friendship books, diaries, and church chronicles. However, traces of historical research that went beyond memory can be found not only in the works of scholars (Péter Bod, Miklós Sinai, István Weszprémi) but also in congregational documents
LUNA OCTOMBRIE – LUNA CEA MAI BOGATĂ: PREOTUL DR. NICOLAE LUPU, DUHOVNICUL MĂNĂSTIRII ,,BUNA VESTIRE” DIN EDERA-MORENI, ÎN ATENȚIA DIRECȚIUNII REGIONALE DE SECURITATE PLOIEȘTI ȘI A BIROULUI DE SECURITATE MORENI: In memoriam magistri Isidor Mărtincă, sacerdos
No full textOctober - The Richest Month: Priest Dr. Nicolae Lupu, the confessor of the “Annunciation” Monastery in Edera-Moreni, in the attention of the Regional Directorate of Security Ploiești and the Moreni Security Office. Planning to outlaw the Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic and to take over the properties belonging to this Church, the Communist Party of Romania and the Secret Service of this party, called at that time “People’s Security”, came to gather information about the Greek-Catholic priest Nicolae Lupu, who was active as a confessor at the Annunciation Monastery in the area of Moreni - a locality situated today in Dâmbovița County, but in the period 1948-1949 was in Prahova County. By presenting some orders of the Securitate from the Regional Directorate to the local Securitate Office and reports from the local Office to the Regional Directorate of “People’s Security”, we glean the characterizations made of priest Nicolae Lupu, considered opposed to the plans of the communist regime and faithful to the Church of Rome. Without presenting the priest’s activity prior to 1948-1949, highlighted as a university professor at the Greek-Catholic theology faculty in Blaj, and lacking documentation subsequent to the moment when he was evacuated from the monastery building in Moreni, along with all the nuns of this monastery - in my article I will try to present the perspective of the “People’s Security” organs towards the person of this cleric and towards his activity.
Cuvinte-cheie: Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică, Mănăstirea „Buna-Vestire” Moreni, cler, persoane consacrate, Securitatea Poporului, supraveghere, culegere de informații, persecuție, fidelitate catolică
STUDIES ON THE ADSORPTION OF CONGO RED ANIONIC DYE FROM SYNTHETIC AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING WASTE EGGSHELL BIOMASS
Get PDFIn this study, waste eggshells (WES) were investigated as an efficient biosorbent for the removal of Congo Red (CR) dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorption performance was quantified using UV–Vis spectroscopy at 498 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and methylene functional groups in WES, as well as structural modifications following CR adsorption.
Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, temperature, and pH on the adsorption capacity and efficiency. The highest CR removal efficiency (98.80 %) was achieved at pH 5.94, using a solid-to-liquid ratio of 5 g/100 mL and an initial CR concentration of 97.75 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capacity of WES was determined to be 9.12 mg CR/g WES. Optimized adsorption conditions were established using 4 g WES/100 mL at 295 K, pH 5.94, and an initial concentration of 97.97 mg CR/L under static conditions.
Thermodynamic analysis revealed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process, as indicated by a negative enthalpy change (ΔH = −40.708 kJ mol⁻¹). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of employing waste eggshells as an effective and sustainable biosorbent for the removal of azo dyes from contaminated water
Perspectives on the backsliding impact of Helsinki Accords on Romania’s human rights policies
Get PDFThe Helsinki Accords and their human rights provisions have been seen as pivotal in fostering dissident networks and improving human rights in East-Central Europe. In Romania, the political culture was characterized by a focus on security over individual liberties. While the Helsinki Accords were intended to promote human rights and cooperation in Eastern Europe, their effect in Romania was counterproductive. The regime’s interpretation of the Accords allowed it to maintain a repressive stance, which, in turn, isolated the country internationally. The Romanian communist leadership viewed the Helsinki Accords primarily as a means to shield itself from external interference, entirely sidelining the human rights commitments outlined in the agreement. This interpretation allowed the communist regime to justify its oppressive policies while presenting a façade of compliance with international norms. As a result, rather than fostering positive change, the Accords contributed to Romania’s isolation on the international stage, particularly as the country became the only one in the Eastern Bloc to see a deterioration in human rights conditions post-signing.
Rezumat: Acordurile de la Helsinki și dispozițiile lor privind drepturile omului au fost considerate esențiale în promovarea rețelelor dizidente și îmbunătățirea drepturilor omului în Europa Centrală-Est. În România, cultura politică s-a caracterizat printr-un accent pe securitate în detrimentul libertăților individuale. În timp ce Acordurile de la Helsinki au fost menite să promoveze drepturile omului și cooperarea în Europa de Est, efectul lor în România a fost contraproductiv. Interpretarea Acordurilor de către regim i-a permis să mențină o poziție represivă, care, la rândul său, a izolat țara pe plan internațional. Conducerea comunistă română a văzut Acordurile de la Helsinki în primul rând ca pe un mijloc de a se proteja de interferența externă, eliminând în totalitate angajamentele privind drepturile omului conturate în acord. Această interpretare a permis regimului comunist să-și justifice politicile opresive, prezentând în același timp o fațadă de conformitate cu normele internaționale. Drept urmare, mai degrabă decât să favorizeze schimbări pozitive, Acordurile au contribuit la izolarea României pe scena internațională, mai ales că țara a devenit singura din Blocul de Est în care s-a observat o deteriorare a condițiilor drepturilor omului după semnare.
Cuvinte-cheie: drepturile omului, Acordurile Helsinki, politici de protecţie ale drepturilor omulu
Review of the Movie "21 Rubies"
Get PDFThe movie 21 Rubies represents, as a cinematic genre, a drama released on November 3, 2023, directed by the Romanian priest and filmmaker Ciprian Mega. I chose to write this review because watching this film made me reflesct on my relatively recent past, specifically my high school years. There are many films that evoke various emotions in people\u27s hearts, with some of the most well-known being Titanic and Gladiator and what 21 Rubies has in common with these two cinematic masterpieces is that it draws inspiration from reality, even though there is an apparent intent to maintain silence regarding the functioning of the Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC) as an institution. The subject of the film is relevant because it aims to highlight the situation within the hierarchy and educational system of the Romanian Orthodox Church, on one hand, and the political games at the top levels of the state, on the other hand, and how all these lead to the inefficiency of justice and the failure of the rule of law. The two-and-a-half-hour film unfolds on two timelines: one set chronologically at the end of 2022, and the other during the governance of the Romanian Democratic Convention (1996-2000). Although the two developments of the action seem initially entirely distinct, they intersect notably in a symbolic moment when one of the film characters hands to Nina, the film main prosecutor a watch with 21 rubies, this act triggers a wave of sorrowful memories for her, recalling the tragic events that happened during the Convention\u27s governance, where her parents and brother were among the victims
ROMANIAN AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (RL2). PORTRAITS OF THE RL2 USER
Get PDFFortunately, in recent decades, there has been a growing interest in research papers focused on speakers of Romanian as a second/as a foreign language (RL2): individuals who reside in Romania for shorter or longer periods (foreign students, various professional categories employed for fixed terms, immigrants, etc.); pupils or students belonging to communities where Romanian is learned/spoken only at school, during Romanian language classes (as a second language); individuals who, for various reasons, learn Romanian as a second language outside Romania (for example, students in philology departments at universities abroad); or even, marginally included, people (generally young) who speak Romanian as a heritage language
Susana Benavente Ferrera, Francisco Calvo del Olmo, Erika Hilde Frisan, Veronica Manole, Karine Marielly Rocha da Cunha et Hugues Sheeren, « Voyage en langues romanes : Interculturel, Plurilinguisme, Intercompréhension », Paris : Éditions Didier, 2024, 216
Get PDFWilhelm von Humboldt décrivait au XIXe siècle la langue comme étant un cercle qui enfermait ses locuteurs. Ainsi, parler une autre langue signifiait automatiquement sortir du cercle de sa langue maternelle et entrer dans celui de la langue étrangère. Et si l’on veut justement comprendre l’autre langue et pas nécessairement la parler ?... Alors c’est à travers l’intercompréhension qu’on peut se placer entre deux cercles, entre deux langues de la même famille linguistique, par le fait d’utiliser sa langue maternelle pour en comprendre une autre, comme c’est le cas des langues romanes.
En désirant continuer ce qui s’est arrêté en 2011 avec la parution du manuel EuRom5, Voyage en langues romanes : Interculturel, Plurilinguisme, Intercompréhension traite toujours la pratique de l’intercompréhension, qui « était naturelle au Moyen Âge parmi les commerçants » (p. 6). En ajoutant, par rapport à EuRom5, une sixième langue – le roumain, « trop souvent délaissé par certains projets d’intercompréhension » (p. 14) –, le manuel propose « une pédagogie inductive de découverte des similarités linguistiques » (p. 7) pour : le portugais, l’espagnol, le catalan, le français, l’italien et le roumain, qui sont considérés comme « les six langues romanes les plus parlées » (p. 7)
The control of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) population using sugars under semi-arid climate (Batna, Algeria)
Get PDFThe codling moth remains the main pest of apples in the Batna region of Algeria and causes heavy damage to apple orchards. This paper aims to show the possibility of using insecticide (Thiacloprid which may provide selective control tools) and sugar (which may induce multiple systemic resistances) to control Cydia pomonella. The field trials were carried out on the “Anna” apple tree cultivar in Tilatou (Batna, Algeria). The efficacy of sucrose and fructose (100 ppm), in comparison to Thiacloprid (25 mL ha-1), was assessed based on the proportion of fruits that larvae destroyed, the quantity of larvae gathered in corrugated cardboard, and the quantity of male moths trapped in pheromone traps. This study showed that all tested products reduced fruits damaged by Cydia pomonella. Treatments by sucrose and fructose provide percentages of damaged fruits at rates of 8.44±0.64 and 7.57±1.25, respectively, vs. 36.35±3.00 for untreated trees. The treatments also affected the number of larvae caught in bands of corrugated cardboard. Foliar spraying in the morning with sugar (every 20 days) can be an alternative method to manage the codling moth population. The use of sugars is a novel method in the plant protection strategy. These results constitute an interesting alternative to classical approaches offered by the opportunity to reduce the rate of chemical insecticides required for effective pest management.
Article history: Received 30 August 2024; Revised 2 April 2025;Accepted 26 May 2025; Available online 25 June 202
The Influence of Ball Elasticity on Throwing Speed and Grip Strength in Female Handball Players
Get PDFIntroduction: This study examines ball elasticity’s impact on throwing speed and palmar strength in female handball players. Objective: We hypothesize that ball elasticity influences throwing speed and palmar strength. Methods: Nine players were grouped by ball elasticity and underwent grip strength measurements, throws, and exercise. Results: Exercise had no significant throwing speed effect; palmar strength decreased. Elasticity showed minimal differences, but hard balls slightly impacted post-exercise speed. Conclusion: Exercise impacted palmar strength, but not throwing speed. Elasticity subtly affected post-exercise speed.
Influența elasticității mingii asupra vitezei de aruncare și a forței de strângere a mâinii la jucătoarele de handbal. Introducere: Acest studiu examinează impactul elasticității mingii asupra vitezei de aruncare și a forței palmare la jucătoarele de handbal. Obiectiv: Emitem ipoteza că elasticitatea mingii influențează viteza de aruncare și puterea palmară. Metode: Nouă jucători au fost grupați în funcție de elasticitatea mingii și au fost supuși măsurătorilor de forță de prindere, aruncări și exerciții. Rezultate: Exercițiul nu a avut un efect semnificativ asupra vitezei de aruncare; puterea palmară a scăzut. Elasticitatea a arătat diferențe minime, dar mingile dure au afectat ușor viteza post-exercițiu. Concluzie: Exercițiul a afectat forța palmară, dar nu viteza de aruncare. Elasticitatea a afectat subtil viteza post-exercițiu.
Cuvinte-cheie: elasticitate a mingii, viteză de aruncare, forță palmară, handbal, oboseală indusă de exercițiu
Article history: Received: 2024 November 21; Revised 2025 January 24; Accepted 2025 January 27; Available online: 2025 February 10; Available print: 2025 February 2
A new member of the Pell sequences: The pseudo-Pell sequence
Get PDFIn this study, we define a new family of the Pell numbers and establish some properties of the relation to the ordinary Pell numbers. We give some identities the pseudo-Pell numbers. Moreover, we obtain the Binet’s formula, generating function formula and some formulas for this new type numbers. Moreover, we give the matrix representation of the pseudo-Pell numbers.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 11B37, 11B83, 11C20.
Received 20 April 2024; Accepted 10 January 2025