Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai
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RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ALGERIAN CRUDE OILS
Get PDFThis study examines the rheological behavior of three Algerian crude oils, focusing on steady flow, yield stress, and thixotropic behavior across temperatures. The oils exhibit non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior with a yield stress at the onset of flow. Results show that viscosity and shear stress decrease with temperature, reducing yield stress and improving flow. The Herschel-Bulkley model best fits crude oil 1, while the Casson model is more suitable for oils 2 and 3 at 30°C, and the power law and Herschel-Bulkley models apply at 20°C. Over the 20–50°C range, apparent viscosity and shear stress decrease by 71%, 77%, and 79% for oils 1, 2, and 3, respectively, while yield stress drops by 24.4%, 48.5%, and 54%. Thixotropic behavior is also observed, with reduced hysteresis area at higher temperatures, indicating reduced internal friction. These findings highlight the role of temperature in enhancing crude oil flow properties, suggesting heat treatment improves transportability
THE INFLUENCE OF SOME POWDERS ON THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PLA PACKAGING WITH OREGANO OIL ADDITIVES
Get PDFThis study investigates the antimicrobial potential and physicochemical performance of PLA-based biocomposite films incorporated with bioglass, oregano essential oil, and diacetin as a green plasticizer. Designed for use in food packaging applications, the films aim to serve as biodegradable, active barriers against microbial contamination while ensuring environmental compatibility and material safety. Initial microbiological screening identified the PB2 formulation comprising 70% PLA, 25% diacetin, 3% bioglass, and 2% oregano oil as the most effective antimicrobial composition. PB2 achieved a 79% inhibition of bacterial growth after two days and maintained 65% suppression after 14 days, confirming its long-term antimicrobial efficacy. To gain a comprehensive understanding of PB2’s behavior, extensive characterization was performed. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of functional groups from both PLA and active additives. TGA and DSC analyses revealed enhanced thermal stability and a delayed glass transition (Tg>83 °C), attributed to the stiffening effect of bioglass. SEM and AFM investigations demonstrated uniform nanoparticle dispersion and low surface roughness (Ra=30.1 nm), ensuring good structural homogeneity. Mechanical testing showed reduced tensile strength but significantly increased elongation at break, indicating greater ductility due to matrix amorphization promoted by diacetin. Altogether, the results support the potential of PB2 as a multifunctional, antimicrobial biocomposite film suitable for food-grade and biomedical applications
The Ukrainian Ecclesiastical Crisis and Its Global Reverberations: The Russian Exarchate in Africa as a Case Study
No full textThis article explores the Ukrainian ecclesiastical crisis, focusing on the granting of autocephaly to the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in 2019 and its global repercussions. The study highlights the schism with the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), which views this move as a challenge to its canonical authority and geopolitical influence. A key case examined is the ROC’s establishment of the Exarchate in Africa, traditionally under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Alexandria, showcasing how theological disputes intersect with geopolitical ambitions. The article delves into issues such as nationalism, the Russky Mir ideology, and canonical principles to analyze the broader implications for Orthodox unity, synodality, and global mission. It argues that while the crisis threatens ecclesiastical cohesion, it also offers an opportunity for renewal, reflection, and a redefinition of Orthodox structures to better navigate contemporary challenges.
Article history: Received 10.11.2024; Revised 01.11.2024; Accepted 11.11.2024.
Available online: 11.01.2025; Available print: 30.01.2025
Dalla fuga mundi al contemptus mundi Segno di una ricerca continua per l’uomo
No full textWhen we look at how people lived in the past, it can happen that we remain puzzled and see no trace of meaning. In this article I consider two paradoxical attitudes from the past: fuga mundi and contemptus mundi and I try to show that life is not always a linear path, nor a safe, predetermined and progressive journey. On the contrary, history shows us that one’s existence is spontaneous and dynamic. From time to time, one must return to the cave of their interiority to find there, on another level, the possibility of a new beginning, separating oneself from what normally distracts one from their fulfilment. Sometimes this withdrawal can lead to contempt. A philosophical reading of these matters, apparently purely theological, brings new and rich meanings into focus.
Article history: Received 10.11.2024; Revised 01.11.2024; Accepted 11.11.2024.
Available online: 11.01.2025; Available print: 30.01.2025
Unveiling A New Identity Under the Umbrella of Chinese in the Political Conflict
Get PDFThis paper argues that the conflict between China and Hong Kong is not a simple political dispute but is fundamentally tied to the emergence of a new identity within Hong Kong under the umbrella of Chinese identity. The Umbrella Movement in 2014 and the 2019 Extradition Bill movement further highlight the rise of a distinct Hong Kong identity, an identity constructed under the lens of a constructivist and defined by its set of politics, unique culture, and democratic values influenced by British colonialism. In contrast, Chinese identity is understood through a primordialism lens, emphasizing common ancestry and national harmony, interpreted as submission to autocracy. This paper will argue how value incompatibility in both identities is the root cause of this political conflict
Assessment of Solar Climate Resources on the Territory of the Republic of Moldova in the Context of Climate Change
Get PDFAssessment of Solar Climate Resources on the Territory of the Republic of Moldova in the Context of Climate Change. This study evaluates the solar climate resources of the Republic of Moldova in the context of climate change. The analysis covers data from representative meteorological stations for the periods 1961-1990 and 1991-2020. The main focus is on global and direct solar radiation, as well as sunshine duration. Results indicate an increasing trend in solar radiation and sunshine duration, particularly in the northern part of the country. The study also discusses the implications for the use of solar energy in Moldova, highlighting the potential for enhanced heliothermal resources due to climate change. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of solar climate variations and their impact on renewable energy potential
Assessing Temporal and Territorial Performance of SDG 11 at Local Scale
Get PDFAssessing Temporal and Territorial Performance of SDG 11 at Local Scale. This study aims to evaluate the performance of each LAU (Local Administrative Unit) within Satu Mare County and the Satu Mare Metropolitan Area in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) - “Sustainable Cities and Communities”, for two distinct reference years: 2016 and 2024. For this purpose, a dataset was collected, based on which ten relevant indicators, identical for both years analysed, were calculated. The data were organised in a PostgreSQL database, where most of the computations were performed, including the normalisation process of the indicators. The SDG 11 Index was calculated using the normalised values, applying equal weights to each indicator. This approach enabled the assessment of the progress achieved over the past eight years towards achieving SDG 11, both at the level of Satu Mare County and the metropolitan area
The Price of Success: Adaptation or Assimilation? Romanian Officials of Maramureș Under Hungarian and Romanian Rule (1822–1945)
Get PDFThe study argues that in 19th-century Maramureș, assimilation was not a prerequisite for achieving high office. When it occurred, it largely resulted from adaptive strategies in marriage and education, combined with the dynamics of local politics. Depending on the wider political climate, both Hungarian and Romanian nationalism, as well as the personal interests of the families, could either hasten or counteract these tendencies. The article examines the history and national identity of the Romanian Iurca (Jurka), Man (Mán), Mihalca (Mihálka), and Mihalyi (Mihályi) families of Maramureș through a prosopographical approach. In the Reform Era, these families formed a tightly knit alliance, rallying the Romanian petty nobility in pursuit of their shared goals. Their Hungarus identity further bolstered their political weight during the 1848 – 49 Revolution. In the Dualist period, intermarriage with Hungarian families accelerated their social integration, while they also accumulated estates surpassing those of competing Hungarian landowners. Through pragmatic political agreements with both Hungarian and Romanian governing parties, they not only consolidated their authority but also maintained it through successive regime changes – from the Austro-Hungarian Compromise and the dissolution of the Monarchy to the Second Vienna Award.
Rezumat: Studiul argumentează că, în Maramureșul secolului al XIX-lea, asimilarea nu a constituit o condiție esențială pentru ascensiunea profesională. Atunci când a avut loc, ea a fost mai curând rezultatul unor strategii de alianțe matrimoniale, de instruire și de adaptare la contextul politic local, procese care – în funcție de conjunctura politică – puteau fi accelerate sau inversate de naționalismul maghiar ori român, precum și de interesele proprii ale familiilor. Lucrare examinează istoria și transformările identității naționale ale familiilor românești Iurca (Jurka), Man (Mán), Mihalca (Mihálka) și Mihalyi (Mihályi) din Maramureș, utilizând o perspectivă prosopografică. În perioada pașoptistă, aceste familii au format un grup strâns unit, capabil să mobilizeze mica nobilime românească în sprijinul propriilor interese. Apartenența lor la identitatea hungarus le-a sporit influența în timpul revoluției din 1848 – 1849. În epoca dualistă, căsătoriile mixte au facilitat integrarea în societatea maghiară, iar proprietățile funciare acumulate au depășit pe cele ale familiilor maghiare concurente. Prin înțelegeri politice cu partidele aflate la guvernare, atât maghiare, cât și românești, aceste familii și-au consolidat și ulterior și-au menținut poziția de putere în ciuda schimbărilor de regim – de la Compromis, trecând prin Marea Unire, până la cel de-al Doilea Arbitraj de la Viena.
Cuvinte-cheie: Maramureș, naționalism, elite studies, prozopografie, funcționari comitatenș
A Paradigmatic Shift since the Velvet Revolution? State-of-the-art Research and new Historiographical Perspectives on the Pontifical Seminary of Olomouc (1579-1741)
Get PDFSince the nineteenth century, the Olomouc Pontifical Seminary has been the object of numerous studies. Nevertheless, these research efforts rarely attempted to assess the overall impact of the seminary in the Margrave of Moravia and the territories under its supervision. To date, a comprehensive analysis of its development, from its inception until its suppression, is still missing. The grounds for the historiographical neglect towards this institution, which constituted a core element of the Jesuit mission in Olomouc, can be found in the cultural, socio-economic, linguistic, and political barriers that affected the historians dealing with this topic before the Velvet Revolution (1989), the re-establishment of the Czech Historical Institute in Rome (1994), and the entrance of the Czech Republic in the European Union (2004). The aim of this article, therefore, is to provide the readership with a panoramic review of the state-of-the-art research on the Olomouc Pontifical Seminary until 1992 and to outline the new historiographical perspectives opened with the demise of the communist Czechoslovakian regime.
Rezumat: Încă din secolul al XIX-lea, Seminarul Pontifical din Olomouc a făcut obiectul a numeroase studii. Cu toate acestea, eforturile de cercetare au încercat rareori să evalueze impactul global al seminarului în Margravatul Moraviei și în teritoriile aflate sub supravegherea sa. Până în prezent, lipsește încă o analiză cuprinzătoare a evoluției sale, de la înființare până la desființare. Motivele neglijării istorice a acestei instituții, care a constituit un element central al misiunii iezuite din Olomouc, pot fi găsite în barierele culturale, socio-economice, lingvistice și politice care au afectat istoricii care s-au ocupat de acest subiect înainte de Revoluția de Catifea (1989), de reînființarea Institutului Istoric Ceh din Roma (1994) și de aderarea Republicii Cehe la Uniunea Europeană (2004). Scopul acestui articol este, așadar, de a oferi cititorilor o imagine de ansamblu asupra cercetărilor de ultimă oră privind Seminarul Pontifical din Olomouc până în 1992 și de a schița noile perspective istorice deschise odată cu căderea regimului comunist cehoslovac.
Cuvinte cheie: Seminar pontifical; Olomouc; iezuiți; Revoluția de Catifea; Evul Mediu
The Genesis of the Legend of Saint Ladislas in the Light of Historical Revisionism
Get PDFThis paper analyses the historiography regarding the origin of visual narratives dedicated to the legend of Saint Ladislas, aiming to identify shifts in interpretative paradigms within Hungarian and Romanian scholarly traditions. By situating these paradigms within their political and social contexts, the study examines how changing interpretations reflect broader cultural phenomena. The argument is organised chronologically, incorporating both traditional and revisionist perspectives, to provide a clearer understanding of the motivations behind these hypotheses in their historical context.
Rezumat: Lucrarea analizează istoriografia referitoare la originea narațiunilor vizuale dedicate legendei Sfântului Ladislau, cu scopul de a identifica schimbările în paradigmele interpretative din tradițiile academice maghiare și române. Prin situarea acestor paradigme în contextul lor politic și social, studiul examinează modul în care interpretările în schimbare reflectă fenomene culturale mai ample. Argumentul este organizat cronologic, incorporând atât perspective tradiționale, cât și revizioniste, pentru a oferi o înțelegere mai clară a motivațiilor din spatele acestor ipoteze în contextul lor istoric.
Cuvinte cheie: istoriografie; narațiuni vizuale; revizionism; Sf. Ladislau; turanism