Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai
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Convergence Between the Wine Sector and Recreational Tourism in Support of Sustainable Local Development in the Republic of Moldova
Full text linkConvergence Between the Wine Sector and Recreational Tourism in Support of Sustainable Local Development in the Republic of Moldova. The morphological, climatic, and sociological conditions characteristics of the Republic of Moldova are favourable to the development of viticulture as a key component of the national economy. In the current context, the economic importance of viticulture can be enhanced through agritourism, rural tourism, gastronomic tourism, and leisure tourism. This new dimension of viticulture has the potential to contribute to the sustainable development of human communities by enabling the multifunctional use of local resources. One possible pathway to achieving this goal is the promotion of nature-friendly activities (such as ecotourism and farm-to-fork initiatives), in line with the principles of the circular economy
Geacu, Sorin, 2024, Opt decenii de cercetări biogeografice la Institutul de Geografie al Academiei Române [Huit décennies de recherches biogéographiques à l’Institut de géographie de l’Académie roumaine], Editura Universitară, București
Full text linkL’ouvrage du chercheur Sorin Geacu Huit décennies de recherches biogéographiques à l’Institut de géographie de l’Académie roumaine est paru sous l’égide de l’Institut de géographie de l’Académie roumaine à Bucarest. Il est publié en format B5 et il comprend 136 pages. Le volume est structuré en neuf chapitres – très courts – suivis de la «Liste des travaux de biogéographie publiés par les membres de l’Institut [de géographie de l’Académie roumaine] de 1944 à 2024». Cet inventaire en est, à notre avis, l’un des éléments-clés, un outil de travail et de documentation salutaire! Selon l’usage, une préface, une introduction et, à la fin, un résumé en anglais complètent le tout. La préface est signée par le directeur octogénaire de l’Institut de géographie, le Dr Dan Bălteanu, qui explique longuement que le volume est consacré au «80e anniversaire de la fondation de l’Institut de géographie de l’Académie roumaine» (p. 7) et mentionne en passant les initiateurs de la recherche biogéographique à l’Institut: Alexandra Bunescu et Raul Călinescu
Romanian Attitudes and Stereotypes Towards Hungarians During the 1848 Revolution
Full text linkThis article analyses the Romanian political attitudes towards the Hungarians during the 1848 Revolution. The main sources used are the political statements of the revolutionaries, selected from political manifestos, historical works, letters or press articles. Their analysis highlights Romanian symbols, stereotypes and ideological positions, in relation to the Hungarian revolution. The conflicting nature of the relations between the Romanians and the Hungarians, and the fact that this situation was interiorised precisely when modern national solidarities were gaining shape meant that their images of the other would become a stock ingredient of the two peoples’ political mythologies. The image of the age-old enemy, who had for centuries been their opponent, was to serve as the cornerstone of national identity both for the Romanians and for the Hungarians.
Rezumat: Acest articol analizează atitudinile politice ale românilor față de maghiari în timpul Revoluției de la 1848. Principalele surse utilizate sunt declarațiile politice ale revoluționarilor, selectate din manifeste politice, lucrări istorice, scrisori sau articole de presă. Analiza acestora evidențiază simboluri, stereotipuri și poziții ideologice românești în raport cu revoluția maghiară. Natura conflictuală a relațiilor dintre români și maghiari și faptul că această situație a fost internalizată tocmai în momentul în care solidaritățile naționale moderne prindeau contur a făcut ca imaginile reciproce să devină un ingredient de bază al mitologiilor politice ale celor două popoare. Imaginea dușmanului, care le-a fost adversar timp de secole, avea să servească drept piatră de temelie a identității naționale atât pentru români, cât și pentru maghiari.
Cuvinte-cheie: români, maghiari, Revoluția de la 1848, stereotipuri etnice, imagologie istoric
Elements of the Near and Middle East in the Culture of the Transylvanian Romanians from Brașov (1848-1918)
Full text linkIn the present paper, we first aim to provide a brief historical context of the issue (second half of the fourteenth century – beginning of the nineteenth century) aiming to highlight the means by which the inhabitants of the Transylvanian town of Brașov / Kronstadt came into contact with the multiple facets of the Near and Middle East. We also intend to chronologically and thematically reconstruct the various oriental elements found in the culture of the local Transylvanian Romanians between the 1848 Revolution and the end of World War I. The aim of this approach, which is a novelty for the Romanian historical writing, is to examine whether and how the inhabitants from Brașov maintained their contacts with this exotic space throughout modernity. Our analysis is based on a series of articles, correspondence, literary creations (anecdotes, fairy tales, poems, short stories, proverbs, prose, translations), different editions of documents, school textbooks in geography, history and Romanian language, memoirs, press magazines of the time (Foaie pentru Minte, Inimă și Literatură, Gazeta Transilvaniei), culinary recipes, as well as on Romanian and foreign historiography relevant to the subject.
Rezumat: În lucrarea de față, ne propunem mai întâi să formulăm un scurt context istoric al problemei (a doua jumătate a secolului al XIV-lea – începutul secolului al XIX-lea) pentru a vedea cum au început cetățenii Brașovului să intre în contact cu multiplele fațete ale Orientului Apropiat și Mijlociu. De asemenea, ne dorim să reconstituim cronologic și tematic variatele elemente orientale regăsite în cultura românilor ardeleni din Brașov între Revoluția Pașoptistă (1848-1849) și sfârșitul Primului Război Mondial (1914-1918). Scopul acestui demers, care este o noutate pentru scrisul istoric românesc, este de a examina dacă și cum au perpetuat brașovenii contactele lor cu acest spațiu exotic pe parcursul modernității. Întreaga noastră analiză se va baza pe o serie de articole, corespondențe, creații literare (anecdote, basme, poezii, povestiri, proverbe, proze, traduceri), ediții de documente, manuale școlare de geografie, istorie și limba română, memorii, presa epocii (Foaie pentru Minte, Inimă și Literatură, Gazeta Transilvaniei), rețete culinare, dar și pe istoriografia română și străină relevantă subiectului.
Cuvinte-cheie: Orientul Apropiat, Orientul Mijlociu, Transilvania, Brașov, identitate, alteritate, modernitat
Sorin Mitu, Românii și ungurii. Un război imagologic de o mie de ani (cu o continuare virtuală până în anul 2100) [Romanians and Hungarians. A Thousand-Year Imagological War (with a Virtual Continuation Until the Year 2100)], Iaşi, Polirom, 2024, 612 p.
Full text linkIn 2024, Professor Sorin Mitu presented us with one of his most beautiful and substantial books: Românii și ungurii. Un război imagologic de o mie de ani (cu o continuare virtuală până în anul 2100) [Romanians and Hungarians: A Thousand-Year Imagological War (with a Virtual Continuation Until the Year 2100)]. This is a topic that the distinguished academic from Cluj has reflected on extensively, and previously explored in other editorial projects, such as the following volumes: Românii văzuţi de maghiari: imagini şi clişee culturale din secolul al XIX-lea [Romanians as seen by Hungarians: Cultural Images and Clichés from the 19th Century] (1998), and Ungurii despre români. Naşterea unei imagini etnice [Hungarians on Romanians. The Birth of an Ethnic Image] (2004), both written in collaboration with Melinda Mitu. This is therefore a long-term topic for Professor Mitu, who has chosen to examine an issue that has been widely discussed and written about in the shared space of the two peoples over time, from the perspective of comparative imagology. The book opens with an argument in which methodological considerations are intertwined with aspects of the author’s biography and life experience. This preludes the scientific approach and systematic research of the topic. The book is divided into five sections, comprising 22 chapters. The final section is titled Instead of Conclusions: The Age to Come (A Virtual Continuation Until the Year 2100). Here, the author imagines the potential political evolution of Romania and Hungary, as well as Romanian–Hungarian relations and mutual perceptions. The author has set himself an ambitious and far-reaching task: to “catalogue” the entire Romanian–Hungarian relationship from the perspectives of attitudes, perceptions, and mutual representations over the course of a millennium – from the arrival of the Hungarians in the Pannonian Plain to the present day. In doing so, he captures the contributions and specificities of the great eras of history in this area of imagological relations between the two peoples. The titles of the five sections of the book are suggestive in this regard: The Middle Ages and Early Modernity (896–1699); The Modern Era (1700–1918); The Century of Extremes: Between the Wars (1919–1944), The Century of Extremes: Communism (1945–1989), and The Recent Era (1990–2024...). The final part of the volume contains a concluding chapter entitled (Instead of Conclusions...), as well as Notes, a final Bibliography and an Index of names. The book is structured according to the principle of chronological succession. It invites readers to embark on a fascinating journey through time, spanning a millennium. This journey allows readers to “encounter” two interacting models of identity and culture, which have given rise to a particularly rich imaginary, whether through peaceful or conflictual interaction. By examining the content of the book, we can gain an understanding of how ethnic and ethno-national perceptions were formed, how Romanians and Hungarians viewed each other, and how the major Romanian and Hungarian identity myths emerged and gained power under the influence of the nationalist ideology of late modernity
Timothy Olin, The Banat of Temesvar. Borderland Colonization in the Habsburg Monarchy, California, Stanford University Press, 2025, 344 p.
Full text linkAt the beginning of 2025, Banat – the region between the Danube, river Tisza, river Mureș and the Carpathian Mountains – became the subject of a new book published by Stanford University Press: The Banat of Temesvar, Borderlinde Colonization in the Habsburg Monarchy. The work, by American historian Timothy Olin, is the result of a diligent 13-year-long research project. The title evokes the eighteenth-century Banat, but the book, in its meticulous analysis, does not neglect the “century of nations” either, including Banat’s status as a border region, the colonization policies and their impact, as well as the region’s cultural diversity and inter-ethnic relations. Timișoara’s Banat was a Habsburg creation. This is the author’s opening sentence, which sets the tone for the pages that follow. The historian sees the Banat, on the border between the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire, and thus the frontier between West and East, as a meeting place of cultures, a contact zone, a cross-border region. In reading this book, we discover a land ravaged by wars and internal conflicts, but also its people of the past, as the author focuses on both the settler communities, and the indigenous population, as well as the relationship between the two. The work is built around the idea that populating the Banat with predominantly German families was a deliberate act of colonization, characteristic of a newly conquered frontier area, which the Austrian authorities wanted to stabilize and legalize and whose profitability they wanted to maximize. The book is structured into nine chapters as follows: Conquest and Construction, Security and Loyalty, The Religious and Ethnic (Re-)Construction of the Banat, Expectations Fulfilled, Settler Culture, Local Responses to Habsburg Rule I and Local Responses to Habsburg Rule II. The topics covered in these nine chapters start with Banat’s incorporation into the Habsburg Monarchy and then turn to colonization, examining its motivations, the importance of the religious and confessional dynamics in shaping the colonization policies, the living conditions of both the settlers and the indigenous population, and the impact of colonization on the relations between the natives and the authorities, as well as between the settlers and the authorities
A Database for Capestrano’s Correspondence: Why and How?
Full text linkThe friar John of Capestrano (1386-1456) was a key figure of the Quattrocento, with a core during his “European Mission” (1451-1456). He was, in his lifetime as (sometimes) still at present a controversial character: Franciscan reformer, jurist, inquisitor, promoter of the Observant movement, Vicar general of the Observance, preacher and a crusader on the occasion of defending Belgrade. It is necessary to definitively overcome apologetic, romantic and ideological interpretations and break through the distorting mirrors at the root of opposing prejudices. The friar’s rich correspondence has been identified as an indispensable starting point not only to read his figure in other terms. In fact, the ‘Capestrano-case’ – if placed in the complex European political and religious contemporary context – proves to be an excellent detector for the intertwining of religious reforms, political perspectives and the process of making Europe at a crucial moment. Two objectives are therefore primary: 1) to study the entire corpus of his correspondence in a critical edition; 2) to process this corpus by making it available to European scholars on an electronic platform.
My dissertation is focused on the so-called Italian letters and my challenge is fine-tuning a database to be then applied to the whole corpus.
Rezumat: Călugărul Ioan de Capistrano (1386-1456) a fost o figură cheie a secolului al XV-lea, cu un rol central în timpul „Misiunii europene” (1451-1456). El a fost, în timpul vieții sale și (uneori) chiar și în prezent, un personaj controversat: reformator franciscan, jurist, inchizitor, promotor al mișcării Observante, vicar general al Observanței, predicator și cruciat cu ocazia apărării Belgradului. Istoriografia necesită depășirea interpretările apologetice, romantice și ideologice și înlăturarea oglinzile deformante care stau la baza prejudecăților aflate în opoziție. Corespondența bogată a călugărului a fost identificată ca un punct de plecare indispensabil nu numai pentru a-i citi figura în alți termeni. De fapt, „cazul Capestrano” – dacă este plasat în contextul complex al politicii și religiei europene contemporane – se dovedește a fi un excelent detector al împletirii reformelor religioase, perspectivelor politice și procesului de construire a Europei într-un moment crucial. Prin urmare, două obiective au fost primordiale: 1) studierea întregului corpus al corespondenței sale într-o ediție critică; 2) prelucrarea acestui corpus, punându-l la dispoziția cercetătorilor europeni pe o platformă electronică.
Cuvinte cheie: Europa medievală târzie; Studii franciscane; Ioan de Capistrano; corespondență; digital humanities; bază de date.
*The paper was presented at the International Conference Revising Revisionism: Paradigms, Interpretative Models and Heuristic Tools in Historical Research (Cluj-Napoca, Doctoral School in History, Civilization, Culture – 11 Novembre 2023). It offers an overview of the motivations, objectives and provisional results of my doctoral research: Una piattaforma informatica per la corrispondenza di Giovanni da Capestrano. Dal campione delle lettere “italiane” al database del Grand Tour (1451-1456). In the meantime, the thesis has been discussed in July 2024
Martin Henzelmann, Linguistik des ökologischen Diskurses. Untersuchungen zu Kommunikationsformen in Ökologie und Umweltschutz in der Russischen Föderation, Symbolae Slavicae, Band 39, Berlin, New York u.a.: Peter Lang, 2024, 370 S.
Full text linkWas verbindet Ökologie und Linguistik? Diese Frage wird in dem hier vorgestellten Buch am Beispiel der russischen Sprache von Martin Henzelmann detailliert untersucht. Es geht dabei um Textsorten, die die Themen Ökologie und Umweltschutz aufgreifen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen diesen beiden Disziplinen wurde spätestens in den 1970er Jahren vertieft. Damals war es der bekannte Sprachwissenschaftler Einar Haugen, der die Wechselwirkungen zwischen unterschiedlichen Sprachen aus evolutionstheoretischer Perspektive analysierte. Haugen arbeitete mit der Metapher der „Ökologie“, denn er betrachtete eine Sprache als Objekt in einer natürlichen Umgebung. Diese Metaphorik ermöglicht es, Sprachen in ihrer wechselseitigen Beziehung als lebendige Organismen zu betrachten. So wie sich natürliche Lebewesen ihrer Umgebung anpassen, so ändern sich auch Sprachen in Abhängigkeit von gesellschaftlichen Neuerungen (S. 37-39)
Application of Riemann-Liouville fractional integral to fuzzy differential subordination of analytic univalent functions
Full text linkThis paper focuses on geometric function theory, a subfield of complex analysis that has been adapted for fuzzy set analysis. A number of novel findings that are applicable to this class are found by applying the concept of fuzzy differential subordination. Interesting corollaries are discovered using specific functions, and an example illustrates the practical usage of the results.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 30C45, 30A10.
Received 10 October 2024; Accepted 02 July 2025
The Prosomia of the Eight Modes According to Dimitrie Cunțanu
Full text linkThe aim of the present study is to analyse the prosomia recorded in the ecclesiastical musical tradition of Transylvanian, based on the collection of „Cântări bisericești” (Church Hymns), published by Dimitrie Cunțanu in 1890 in Vienna. The collection represents a significant attempt to standardize the Orthodox liturgical singing of the Metropolis of Transylvania, aligning itself with similar efforts previously undertaken in Wallachia and Moldova. By means of a historical-musicological research method, the present study highlights the context of the emergence of these melodic variants, the characteristics of the included prosomia, as well as their impact on contemporary musical practice. Prosomia, introduced as melodic interpretation models for hymns lacking their own musical line, constitute a point of intersection between the Byzantine tradition and the influences of Transylvanian folk music. The research reveals the presence of varied modal structures, including diatonic and chromatic modes, with a limited ambitus, a predominance of syllabic rhythm, and modal adaptations specific to the Transylvanian cultural-religious context. These features initially facilitated the integration of the prosomia into the musical repertoire but were later affected by the lack of continuity in the musical training of church singers and the preference for oral transmission of the hymns. In this context, the analysis of cadential formulas and modal particularities highlights an attempt to harmonize the Byzantine tradition with the musical and social realities of the Orthodox communities in Transylvania. The study highlights the fact that, despite their historical and pedagogical importance, Cunțanu’s prosomia have been gradually marginalized, being preserved only in a few parishes in southern Transylvania. The causes of this decline in visibility can be attributed to the lack of specialized singers, the formulaic structures, and melodic lines, distinct from the traditional system of the eight ecclesiastical modes. Additionally, the lack of interest in institutional frameworks to support the continuity of the tradition of prosomia and the preference for adapting hymn texts to the melodic structures of the resurrection troparia contributed to their diminishing role. The present study provides a detailed insight into the process of adapting the Byzantine musical tradition in Transylvanian space and the dynamics between orality, local cultural influences, and efforts to standardize prosomia. The conclusions provide a basis for future research on the mechanisms of adaptation and transformation of ecclesiastical singing and contribute to the understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of liturgical music in Transylvania, as well as the potential for revitalization of this musical heritage with identity and cultural value