Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai
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Leadership in Sport: from Coach to Manager – An Integrative Perspective
Full text linkThe evolution of leadership roles in sport has generated increasing interest in recent years, especially in the context of professionalization, performance management, and organizational complexity. This theoretical article explores the transition from the traditional role of the coach — as a direct leader of athletic performance to the more complex managerial role, which encompasses strategic planning, communication, decision-making, and team coordination. Starting from a multidisciplinary review of the literature (sports sciences, organizational behavior, and psychology), the paper outlines the conceptual differences and overlaps between coaching and managing in sport environments. An integrative perspective is proposed, emphasizing the fluidity of leadership roles and the importance of adaptive leadership styles. It is argued that modern sport leaders must combine coaching expertise with managerial competence to effectively respond to both athlete’s needs and organizational challenges. The article discusses key factors such as emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, team dynamics, and role conflict in dual-role positions. Furthermore, the paper highlights the increasing need for leadership development programs that target both the technical and managerial dimensions of sport professionals. By synthesizing current theoretical frameworks and research findings, the article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the coach-manager continuum and to support the development of holistic leadership approaches in sport organizations. This integrative approach may offer valuable insights for educators, policy-makers, and practitioners involved in sport leadership development.
Article history: Received 2025 August 15; Revised 2025 September 30; Accepted 2025 October 10; Available online 2025 November 20; Available print 2025 November 3
I LATINISMI INTEGRALI NELLA COMUNICAZIONE MEDICA SCRITTA MEDIATA TECNICAMENTE: UN CASO DI STUDIO
Full text linkNon-adapted Latinisms in Technically Mediated Written Medical Communication: A Case Study. The study focuses on the analysis of non-adapted Latinisms belonging to the medical language and their use in Technically Mediated Communication between physicians and patients. The introduction illustrates the role of Latin within the Italian lexicon and its importance in languages for specific purposes and in particular in the medical language. § 2 is dedicated to the methodology: the corpus of non-adapted Latinisms was set up through research conducted within the Medicitalia website. In § 3 we report the results of the analysis that examined non-adapted Latinisms both from a morphological and semantic point of view, considering gender, grammatical category, meanings assumed in Italian and typology, as well as verifying their presence in the Italian lexicography (§ 3.1.). Some uses of non-adapted Latinisms by doctors or patients are then examined (§ 3.2.). In the conclusions some reflections are given concerning the status of Latin within the medical language (also in relation to English) and the common language.
REZUMAT. Latinisme neadaptate în comunicarea medicală scrisă mediată tehnic: un studiu de caz. Studiul se concentrează pe analiza latinismelor neadaptate din limbajul medical și utilizarea acestora în comunicarea mediată tehnic între medici și pacienți. Introducerea ilustrează rolul limbii latine în lexicul italian și importanța acesteia în limbile specializate, în special în limbajul medical. § 2 este dedicat metodologiei: corpusul de latinisme neadaptate a fost creat printr-o cercetare efectuată pe site-ul Medicitalia. În § 3 prezentăm rezultatele analizei care a examinat latinismele neadaptate atât din punct de vedere morfologic, cât și semantic, luând în considerare genul, categoria gramaticală, semnificațiile asumate în italiană și tipologia, precum și verificând prezența lor în lexicografia italiană (§ 3.1.). Sunt apoi examinate unele utilizări ale latinizărilor neadaptate de către medici sau pacienți (§ 3.2.). În concluzii sunt prezentate câteva reflecții privind statutul limbii latine în limbajul medical (inclusiv în ce privește limba engleză) și în limbajul comun.
Cuvinte-cheie: Lexicon italian, latinisme, limbaj specializat, limbaj medical, comunicare mediată de computer
Article history: Received 20 February 2025; Revised 5 May 2025; Accepted 25 May 2025; Available online 12 December 2025; Available print 30 December 202
SUR LES TRACES DU LAT. HABERE DANS LA MORPHOSYNTAXE VERBALE DU ROUMAIN : POLYGRAMMATICALISATION, UNIVERSAUX LINGUISTIQUES ET HYPOTHÈSES ÉTYMOLOGIQUES
Full text linkOn the traces of the Lat. habere in the Verbal Morphosyntax of Romanian: Polygrammaticalization, Linguistic Universals, and Etymological Hypotheses. Inheritance and transmission in Romance languages are better understood by considering that their evolution occurred both “vertically” through a shared Latin heritage and “horizontally” through common innovations and influences over time (Iliescu 2013 [2008]: 101). In accordance with this perspective, our approach traces the polygrammaticalization of the Latin verb habere > Rom. (a) avea as a (i) temporal morpheme: (a) in the compound past structure (e.g., am cântat “I have sung”), (b) in a future construction expressing lower probability (e.g., am să cânt “I am going to sing”), and (c) in the future-in-the-past paradigm (e.g., aveam să cânt “I would have sung”), but also (ii) as a modal morpheme of the conditional mood (e.g., aș cânta “I would sing”). These processes viewed together can reveal how these verbal morphemes relate to cognitive and linguistic universals and could also offer insights into the origin of the Romanian conditional mood auxiliary.
REZUMAT. Pe urmele lui Lat. habere în morfosintaxa verbală a limbii române: poligramaticalizare, universalii lingvistice și ipoteze etimologice. Moștenirea și transmiterea în limbile romanice sunt mai bine înțelese dacă luăm în considerare faptul că evoluția acestora s-a realizat atât „vertical”, printr-o moștenire comună din limba latină, cât și „orizontal”, prin inovații și influențe comune de-a lungul timpului (Iliescu 2013 [2008]: 101). În acord cu această perspectivă, abordarea noastră urmărește procesul de poligramaticalizare a verbului latin habere > Rom. (a) avea ca (i) morfem temporal: (a) în structura formelor de perfect compus (am cântat), (b) într-o construcție de viitor care exprimă o probabilitate slabă (am să cânt), și (c) în paradigma viitorului în trecut (aveam să cânt), dar și (ii) ca morfem modal în construcția formelor condiționalului analitic (aș cânta). Aceste procese privite laolaltă pot da seamă despre modul în care aceste morfeme verbale se raportează la universaliile cognitive și lingvistice și pot, totodată, oferi o serie de indicii privind originea auxiliarului modului condițional din limba română.
Cuvinte-cheie: Lat. habere, Rom. (a) avea, (poly)pragmaticalizare, universalii cognitive și lingvistice, sistemul verbal al limbii române
Article history: Received 30 April 2025; Revised 15 June 2025; Accepted 2 July 2025; Available online 12 December 2025; Available print 30 December 2025
CULTURAL SENSITIVITY IN AI TRANSLATION OF CHINESE LANGUAGE: EVALUATING AI’S CAPABILITY TO GRASP CULTURALLY RICH TEXTS
Full text linkCultural Sensitivity in AI Translation of Chinese Language: Evaluating AI’s Capability to Grasp Culturally Rich Texts. The widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in translation has fundamentally reshaped global communication by enhancing efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility. Despite these advancements, critical questions persist about AI’s capacity to navigate the inherent complexities of language, particularly regarding cultural sensitivity and contextual accuracy. These challenges are especially pronounced in Chinese, a language abundant in idiomatic phrases, literary allusions, and culturally embedded references, where mistranslations risk significant misunderstanding. This study examines the capabilities of leading AI translation tools in rendering culturally rich Chinese texts into Romanian and English. Drawing on a curated corpus of classical literature, contemporary literature and news articles, the research evaluates each tool’s performance in terms of accuracy, cultural sensitivity, contextual understanding, emotional tone, and overall fluency. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses reveal considerable variation among popular platforms. While high fluency and coherence are attainable, some persistent gaps remain in the handling of idiomatic expressions and nuanced cultural elements. These findings reaffirm the need for expert post-editing and a judicious, human-centered integration of AI into translation workflows.
REZUMAT. Sensibilitate culturală în traducerea asistată de IA a limbii chineze: evaluarea capacității de redare a textelor cu densitate culturală. Adoptarea pe scară largă a inteligenței artificiale (IA) în traducere a remodelat fundamental comunicarea globală, sporind eficiența, costurile și accesibilitatea. În pofida acestor progrese, persistă întrebări critice privind capacitatea IA de a gestiona complexitățile inerente ale limbajului, în special sensibilitatea culturală și acuratețea contextuală. Provocările sunt deosebit de pronunțate în chineză, limbă bogată în expresii idiomatice, aluzii literare și referințe puternic ancorate cultural, unde erorile de traducere pot genera neînțelegeri majore. Studiul de față examinează capacitățile principalelor instrumente de traducere bazate pe IA în redarea în română și engleză a textelor chineze bogate cultural. Pe baza unui corpus atent selectat, cuprinzând literatură clasică, literatură contemporană și articole de presă, cercetarea evaluează performanța fiecărui instrument în termeni de acuratețe, sensibilitate culturală, înțelegere contextuală, ton emoțional și fluență generală. Analizele calitative și cantitative evidențiază variații considerabile între platformele populare. Deși fluența și coerența ridicate sunt posibile, persistă anumite lacune în tratarea expresiilor idiomatice și a elementelor culturale nuanțate. Aceste constatări reafirmă necesitatea post-editării de către traducători profesioniști și a unei integrări cumpătate, centrate pe om, a IA în fluxurile de traducere.
Cuvinte-cheie: instrumente de traducere bazate pe IA; sensibilitate culturală; hermeneutică; cultureme chineze; post-editare; traducere hibridă
Article history: Received 13 June 2025; Revised 12 November 2025; Accepted 20 November 2025; Available online 12 December 2025; Available print 30 December 202
MONEY LAUNDERING DETECTION USING GRAPH NEURAL NETWORKS ENHANCED WITH AUTOENCODER COMPONENTS
Full text linkThe paper addresses the topic of detecting money laundering operations in transaction data represented as graph data-structures. We propose the integration of autoencoder components in Graph Neural Networks (GNN) architectures, in order to incorporate a reconstruction step in the traditional edge classification problem and enhance model quality based upon the usage of reconstruction errors.
We show that enhancing GNNs with autoencoder components improves the predictive performance of money laundering detection, on data represented as homogeneous graphs. Additionally, the Shapley value is computed in order to gain further insight into the most important features from distinguishing normal and fraudulent activities.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 68T05, 68T99.1998 CR Categories and Descriptors. I.2.6 [Artificial Intelligence]: Learning – Connectionism and neural nets; E.1 [Data]: Data structures – Graphs and networks
MUSIC EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE AT SCHOOL AS A SPACE FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE SELF-EXPRESSION AND CREATIVE ABILITIES
Full text linkMusic education promotes students’ creative development, as it is focused on a variety of approaches to the perception of music (performing melodies, creating arrangements, improvisations, etc.). The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of music education at school for building students’ creative self-expression skills and creative abilities. The study employed the following methods: pedagogical modelling, the empirical method of collecting primary information, the methods of E. Torrance and C. Orff, and calculations of the Wilcoxon Test. During the study, music education focused on the perception of theoretical and practical knowledge using the EarMaster application, as well as in-depth perception of materials through a game format. Creating musical improvisations using the interactive Chrome Music Lab was also provided. It was found that creating improvisations had the greatest advantage in the development of students’ creative skills, according to teachers (38%) and students (37%). It was established that the expressed criteria of students’ creative self-expression were originality (4.8 points) and fluency (4.7 points); of the development of creative abilities – improvisation (4.8 points). During training, students achieved a high level of motivation (88%), which contributed to their self-expression. The practical value of the article is associated with the possibility of using the proposed learning mechanisms for the creative development of secondary school students. Promising research directions may be associated with taking into account the features of the repertoire during musical educational practice at school
SOUNDING THE UKRAINIAN SOUL: AESTHETIC AND CIVIC DIMENSIONS IN YAKIV STEPOVYI’S VOCAL MINIATURES
Full text linkThe article presents a comprehensive study of Yakiv Stepovyi’s vocal miniatures based on the verses of Oleksandr Oles as exemplary manifestations of poetic-musical synthesis in Ukrainian chamber music of the early 20th century. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of intonational structure, harmonic language, and piano accompaniment, as well as to the disclosure of the emotional, symbolic, and cultural significance of these works. The article highlights how Stepovyi’s miniatures, through their poetic and musical fusion, form a psychologically nuanced artistic space where melody and harmony serve as vehicles of both aesthetic experience and cultural memory. In addition to musicological and literary analysis, the article explores the civic-educational potential of Stepovyi’s vocal works in the 21st century. It argues that this repertoire can function as an educational resource that fosters historical reflection, cultural empathy, and national self-awareness, thus becoming a tool for civic education and identity formation
EMINESCU AND THE ART OF THE LIED. THE ENCOUNTER BETWEEN EMINESCU’S POETRY AND MUSIC
Full text linkThe article explores the interdependence of the arts, focusing on the fusion of poetry and music within the art of the Lied. It outlines the evolutionary development of the Lied genre and traces its historical lineage from the Baroque period (Haendel) through Classicism (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven) to the “Golden Age” of the nineteenth century (Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, Wolf, Mahler, R. Strauss). The study also presents interpretative perspectives on the genre, emphasizing the importance of the text and the expressive power of the word, the role of imagination, the primacy of emotion over empty perfectionism, and the centrality of the text and the singer–pianist partnership. The central section focuses on Mihai Eminescu as a cultural and artistic landmark. It synthesizes key biographical and intellectual-formative elements (Ipotești, Cernăuți, Blaj, Vienna, Berlin; Aron Pumnul; Junimea and Titu Maiorescu), the main themes and symbols of his poetry (according to M. Cimpoi), his relationship with Veronica Micle, and the intrinsic musicality of his verse. The article describes how the musicality of Eminescu’s versification shapes the composition of Lieder based on his poems, and it presents critical perspectives that affirm Eminescu’s enduring presence as a source of inspiration and a “canonical value” that fosters “the awareness of the unity of the Romanian cultural space.” The Lied is thereby portrayed as a space of synthesis between music and the word
Geoengineering Revisited in the Shadow of Climate Crisis and Technocratic Control
Full text linkTen years after the publication of The Ethics of Geoengineering: Perspectives from Romania, I revisit the ethical and epistemological questions surrounding climate intervention technologies. In the meantime, geoengineering has moved from being a speculative concept to becoming a central element in climate policy discussions. I argue that this shift has not been driven by transparent public debate or broad scientific consensus. Rather, it results from a deeper process of normalization that increasingly portrays techniques like Solar Radiation Management as rational and even necessary responses to the climate crisis. This framing is rooted in a technocratic worldview that prioritizes control, modeling, and predictive planning, often at the expense of ethical inquiry, democratic engagement, and respect for ecological complexity. I believe that the dominant assumptions shaping geoengineering foster a vision of governance where preparedness is mistaken for legitimacy, and responsibility is reduced to procedural compliance. As a result, critical questions about authority, knowledge systems, and the future we choose to pursue are frequently marginalized or deferred. In response, I advocate for a different ethical framework, one that emphasizes epistemic humility, justice across generations, inclusive co-design, and recognition of multiple ways of understanding the world. Geoengineering, in my view, is not a neutral technological fix but a manifestation of modernity’s drive to impose order in response to planetary uncertainty. An adequate ethical approach must go beyond measurements and institutional procedures to question the kind of planetary future we are creating, whose voices are included, and which values guide our decisions in times of crisis
Integrating the ASSURE Instructional Design Model in the Medical Education System: Applications in the Anatomy Discipline
Full text linkThe ASSURE model is a methodical framework that incorporates the study of learner characteristics, educational objectives, technology integration, resource selection and use, active student engagement, and ongoing evaluation. The article’s primary goal is to analyse the ASSURE model’s suitability for medical education, with particular emphasis on anatomy instruction. This method highlights the benefits of individualised, interactive, and student-centered learning while offering a comprehensive viewpoint on the ASSURE model’s potential in medical education. The initiative enhances the teaching process by investigating these facets. The concept establishes a standard for integrating cutting-edge technology into medical education, transforming anatomy instruction into a dynamic, engaging, and student-centered process. This method facilitates the production of skilled workers who can adapt to the demands of the contemporary healthcare system