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Pandemia y panhumanismo: la recuperación del humanismo como lección de la pandemia por Covid-19 desde la perspectiva ético-legal
Get PDFArtículos en revistasLa pandemia ha puesto de relieve con una dureza inesperada la precariedad que marca radicalmente nuestra condición humana, incluso, en aquellos lugares del mundo en los que los avances de la ciencia y la tecnología nos habían creado la ilusión, ya fulminantemente desvanecida, de que eramos invulnerables y que podíamos encontrar una solución técnica para todo. La pandemia no ha podido ser controlada ni siquiera en las sociedades más desarrolladas económica y tecnológicamente, donde ha superado la capacidad de los laboratorios y estructuras sanitarias. Nuestras optimistas proyecciones del poder científico y tecnológico a nuestra disposición nos permitieron quizás imaginar que seríamos capaces de prevenir la propagación de una epidemia mundial de esta magnitud, convirtiéndola en una posibilidad cada vez más remota. Sin embargo, la actualidad parece que nos muestra sin ambages que, junto con los extraordinarios recursos de protección y cuidado que nuestro progreso acumula, también hay efectos secundarios de la fragilidad del sistema que no hemos vigilado lo suficienteThe pandemic has highlighted with unexpected harshness the precariousness that radically marks our human condition, even in those parts of the world where advances in science and technology had created the illusion, already suddenly vanished, that we were invulnerable and that we could find a technical solution for everything. The pandemic has not been able to be controlled even in the most economically and technologically developed societies, where it has exceeded the capacity of laboratories and health facilities. Our optimistic projections of the scientific and technological power at our disposal perhaps allowed us to imagine that we would be able to prevent the spread of a global epidemic of this magnitude, making it an increasingly remote possibility. However, the current situation seems to show us clearly that, together with the extraordinary resources of protection and care that our progress accumulates, there are also secondary effects of the fragility of the system that we have not watched enoughinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Consumir, consumo y consumición: pensamiento mágico y vacuna
No full textArtículo en PeriódicoAnálisis del efecto de consumir en la pandemia. consecuencias en la campaña política de Madrid. solidaridad y egosimosAnalysis of the pandemia bout consumition. politic in Madrid and vacuuminfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Modelos y áreas de la orientación educativa
No full textMáster Universitario de Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerat
Creciendo ante la adversidad: crecimiento postraumático ante la crisis sanitaria de la Covid-19 en España
No full textA partir de marzo de 2020, cuando la Organización Mundial de la Salud pasó a considerar la enfermedad por Covid-19 como pandemia, se impone el confinamiento general de la población en España para frenar su avance. Esta situación estresante y potencialmente traumática, además de las constatadas consecuencias negativas psicológicas, es posible que lleve a desarrollar crecimiento postraumático. Este implica, ante la vivencia de un evento estresante, la experimentación de cambios positivos en áreas como la apreciación por la vida, la espiritualidad, la relación con los demás, fortaleza personal y nuevas oportunidades. Sin embargo, este crecimiento no es incompatible con consecuencias psicológicas negativas, viéndose frecuentemente relacionado con síntomas de Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático. Este estudio busca explorar longitudinalmente los niveles de crecimiento postraumático en la población española como consecuencia de la crisis sanitaria de la Covid-19, así como qué variables se relacionan con este, contribuyendo a predecirlo.
Método. Se utilizó un cuestionario (online) que se completó en tres momentos diferentes de 2020: marzo (N = 3055), julio (N = 855) y noviembre (N = 592). Se utilizó el instrumento Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory Short-Form para evaluar crecimiento postraumático en los dos últimos momentos de recogida. Este instrumento se adaptó para incorporar la dimensión de “crecimiento comunitario”, relevante en situaciones de crisis comunitaria como la actual. Asimismo, se evaluaron variables potencialmente relacionadas con el desarrollo de crecimiento postraumático (sociodemográficas, laborales, participación social, pérdidas, etc.).
Resultados. El 18,8% de los participantes mostró un nivel moderado o alto de crecimiento postraumático en noviembre. No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre julio y noviembre en las puntuaciones de crecimiento postraumático. En cuanto a las áreas en las que se ha dado un mayor crecimiento, encontramos (de mayor a menor): apreciación por la vida, nuevas oportunidades, relación con los demás, fuerza personal, crecimiento comunitario y, por último, espiritualidad. Se identificaron variables relacionadas con un mayor crecimiento, como ser mujer, joven, haber participado en actividades sociales durante el confinamiento (ej., el aplauso a las 20:00 a sanitarios), conocer a alguien que haya fallecido a causa de la Covid-19 y haber estado confinado (exceptuando el confinamiento general de marzo-mayo). Variables laborales, como percibir estar en riesgo de perder el empleo o haber sufrido un descenso salarial, se han visto asociadas a un mayor crecimiento postraumático. Por último, el presentar un mayor nivel de preocupación ante determinados factores se asocia con un mayor crecimiento, especialmente en aquellos participantes preocupados por su propio estado psicológico.
Conclusiones. En España, parte de la población parece reflejar crecimiento postraumático, y este parece mantenerse en el tiempo, apoyando la idea de que no es un cambio ilusorio. Por otro lado, la diferencia hallada entre hombres y mujeres es congruente con la literatura preexistente. Variables que podrían sugerir consecuencias psicológicas negativas, como la pérdida y el confinamiento, se relacionan con mayor crecimiento postraumático. Esto puede deberse a que un mayor impacto negativo tiene el potencial de generar mayor crecimiento, sin eximir las consecuencias adversas que estos factores puedan implicar.In March 2020, when the World Health Organization considered the Covid-19 as a global pandemic, a general lockdown was settled in Spain in order to slow down the contagion rate. This situation, as a stressful and possibly traumatic event, may also lead to posttraumatic growth (PTG). This construct is defined as the positive changes one may experience after facing an adverse event, these changes would be reflected in life appreciation, new chances, relating to others, personal strength, and spiritual change. Nevertheless, PTG and negative psychological consequences are not mutually exclusive, in fact, PTG has been related to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. The present study aims to longitudinally explore the prevalence of PTG in the Spanish population as a consequence of this health crisis, as well as relevant variables that may influence PTG and its prediction.
Method. An online survey was used and completed in three different moments along 2020: March (N= 3055), July (N=855), and November (N= 592). The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory Short-Form was used to assess PTG in July and November. This instrument was complemented by two additional items measuring “community growth”, which appears to be relevant in community crisis likewise the actual. Furthermore, variables that could be related to PTG were included (sociodemographic, work-related, social participation, losses, etc.).
Results. 18,8% of the sample showed moderate to severe levels of PTG in November. There were no significant statistical differences in PTG between July and November. Regarding the domains in which a higher growth was reported, we found (in descendent order): life appreciation, new opportunities, relating to others, personal strength, community growth, and spirituality. Variables that were related to PTG were identified, such as being a woman, young, have participated in social activities during confinement (e.g., collective applause at 8 pm), knowing someone that passed away due to Covid-19 and having suffered an additional lockdown period. Additionally, work-related variables like risk perception of employment loss or an income reduction have been shown to be related to greater PTG. Lastly, showing greater levels of concern, especially towards one’s psychological well-being, was positively related to PTG.
Conclusions. It seems that a proportion of the Spanish population may have developed PTG, also, this growth seems to be a lasting effect, supporting that it is not an illusory change. Regarding gender differences, our results are congruent with the previous literature. Lastly, variables that could suggest negative psychological consequences, such as losses or additional confinement, were found to be related to PTG. This is an expected result since a more severe psychological impact may have a greater potential of developing PTG, however, the adverse consequences due to these factors yet remain.info:eu-repo/semantics/draf
Initial Teacher Education of Primary English and CLIL Teachers: An Analysis of the Training Curricula in the Universities of the Madrid Autonomous Community (Spain)
Get PDFArtículos en revistasLa Comunidad de Madrid (España) representa un caso significativo de oferta de educación bilingüe (inglés) en educación primaria y secundaria, con más del 50% de los estudiantes siguiendo un programa de aprendizaje integrado de contenido y lengua extranjera (AICLE). Sin embargo, existen dudas sobre la capacidad de la formación de profesorado actual para satisfacer las demandas del rápido crecimiento de educación bilingüe en la región. Este estudio analiza la formación inicial de maestros de inglés como lengua extranjera (EFL) y profesores CLIL en la Comunidad de Madrid, proporcionando una comparación sistemática de las 14 titulaciones de formación de profesorado de Educación Primaria en la región y, en concreto, sus menciones en inglés como lengua extranjera. En particular, evalúa el equilibrio entre el desarrollo de competencias lingüísticas y pedagógicas, los requisitos lingüísticos para ingresar en la mención, y la inclusión de asignaturas sobre educación bilingüe como parte del plan de estudios. Los resultados muestran que existe una gran heterogeneidad en el diseño de dichos programas, especialmente en lo que respecta al valor que se le da a las asignaturas de competencia lingüística. Además, se constató que la formación en CLIL es insuficiente, tanto dentro como fuera de la mención. Más allá del contexto español, las preguntas planteadas en este estudio pueden contribuir a ofrecer claves sobre el diseño eficaz de los programas de formación inicial del profesorado en sistemas educativos que se han apostado por la educación bilingüe como herramienta para mejorar la competencia en lenguas extranjeras.Abstract. The Madrid Autonomous Community (Spain) offers a significant case of extensive bilingual (English) education provision in primary and secondary school, with over 50% of students following a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programme. However, there are doubts about the ability of the current pre-service teacher education provision to meet the demands of the rapid growth of bilingual education in the region. This study analyses the initial teacher education (ITE) of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and CLIL teachers in the Madrid community, by providing a systematic comparison of the 14 Primary Education teacher training degrees offered and, specifically, their EFL specialist itineraries. In particular, it assesses the balance between the development of linguistic and pedagogical competences, the linguistic requirements to enter the EFL track, and the inclusion of dedicated CLIL modules as part of the training curriculum. Results show that there is a great heterogeneity in the design of such programmes, especially in what regards the value given to a language improvement component. Furthermore, it was found that the training in CLIL is insufficient, both in the core programmes and in the EFL itinerary. Beyond the Spanish context, the questions raised in this study can offer insight into the effective design of initial teacher education programmes for educational systems that have committed to mainstream bilingual education as a tool for enhancing foreign language competence.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Flexibility and Bed Margins of the Community of Madrid’s Hospitals during the First Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
No full textArtículos en revistasBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global effects; cases have been counted in the tens of millions, and there have been over two million deaths throughout the world. Health systems have been stressed in trying to provide a response to the increasing demand for hospital beds during the different waves. This paper analyzes the dynamic response of the hospitals of the Community of Madrid (CoM) during the first wave of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in the period between 18 March and 31 May 2020. The aim was to model the response of the CoM’s health system in terms of the number of available beds. Methods: A research design based on a case study of the CoM was developed. To model this response, we use two concepts: “bed margin” (available beds minus occupied beds, expressed as a percentage) and “flexibility” (which describes the ability to adapt to the growing demand for beds). The Linear Hinges Model allowed a robust estimation of the key performance indicators for capturing the flexibility of the available beds in hospitals. Three new flexibility indicators were defined: the Average Ramp Rate Until the Peak (ARRUP), the Ramp Duration Until the Peak (RDUP), and the Ramp Growth Until the Peak (RGUP). Results: The public and private hospitals of the CoM were able to increase the number of available beds from 18,692 on 18 March 2020 to 23,623 on 2 April 2020. At the peak of the wave, the number of available beds increased by 160 in 48 h, with an occupancy of 90.3%. Within that fifteen-day period, the number of COVID-19 inpatients increased by 200% in non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) wards and by 155% in intensive care unit (ICU) wards. The estimated ARRUP for non-ICU beds in the CoM hospital network during the first pandemic wave was 305.56 beds/day, the RDUP was 15 days, and the RGUP was 4598 beds. For the ICU beds, the ARRUP was 36.73 beds/day, the RDUP was 20 days, and the RGUP was 735 beds. This paper includes a further analysis of the response estimated for each hospital. Conclusions: This research provides insights not only for academia, but also for hospital management and practitioners. The results show that not all of the hospitals dealt with the sudden increase in bed demand in the same way, nor did they provide the same flexibility in order to increase their bed capabilities. The bed margin and the proposed indicators of flexibility summarize the dynamic response and can be included as part of a hospital’s management dashboard for monitoring its behavior during pandemic waves or other health crises as a complement to other, more steady-state indicatorsBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global effects; cases have been counted in the tens of millions, and there have been over two million deaths throughout the world. Health systems have been stressed in trying to provide a response to the increasing demand for hospital beds during the different waves. This paper analyzes the dynamic response of the hospitals of the Community of Madrid (CoM) during the first wave of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in the period between 18 March and 31 May 2020. The aim was to model the response of the CoM’s health system in terms of the number of available beds. Methods: A research design based on a case study of the CoM was developed. To model this response, we use two concepts: “bed margin” (available beds minus occupied beds, expressed as a percentage) and “flexibility” (which describes the ability to adapt to the growing demand for beds). The Linear Hinges Model allowed a robust estimation of the key performance indicators for capturing the flexibility of the available beds in hospitals. Three new flexibility indicators were defined: the Average Ramp Rate Until the Peak (ARRUP), the Ramp Duration Until the Peak (RDUP), and the Ramp Growth Until the Peak (RGUP). Results: The public and private hospitals of the CoM were able to increase the number of available beds from 18,692 on 18 March 2020 to 23,623 on 2 April 2020. At the peak of the wave, the number of available beds increased by 160 in 48 h, with an occupancy of 90.3%. Within that fifteen-day period, the number of COVID-19 inpatients increased by 200% in non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) wards and by 155% in intensive care unit (ICU) wards. The estimated ARRUP for non-ICU beds in the CoM hospital network during the first pandemic wave was 305.56 beds/day, the RDUP was 15 days, and the RGUP was 4598 beds. For the ICU beds, the ARRUP was 36.73 beds/day, the RDUP was 20 days, and the RGUP was 735 beds. This paper includes a further analysis of the response estimated for each hospital. Conclusions: This research provides insights not only for academia, but also for hospital management and practitioners. The results show that not all of the hospitals dealt with the sudden increase in bed demand in the same way, nor did they provide the same flexibility in order to increase their bed capabilities. The bed margin and the proposed indicators of flexibility summarize the dynamic response and can be included as part of a hospital’s management dashboard for monitoring its behavior during pandemic waves or other health crises as a complement to other, more steady-state indicatorsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Maestros espirituales del papa Francisco: Hugo Rahner, Miguel A. Fiorito, Gaston Fessard
Get PDFArtículos en revistasEl actual Papa se ha formado en la escuela de los Ejercicios espirituales de S. Ignacio de Loyola. Este trabajo examina las raíces de este aprendizaje espiritual y el influjo de los principales maestros (Hugo Rahner, Migel A. Fiorito, Gaston Fessard) en su interpretación dl carisma de la Compañía de Jesús: el magis, el discernimiento, la charitas discreta, la dialéctica inscrita en el adagio "Non coerceri maximo, contineri tamen a minimo divinum est. Para ello el autor analiza el texto de los Ejercicios espirituales que Jorge M. Bergoglio impartió a los obispos españoles (2006). De esta forma, el artículo muestra que la espiritualidad ignaciana es una seña de identidad de su pontificado.Pope Francis was trained in the school of Saint Ignatius' Spiritual Exercises. This article develops the roots of this spiritual learning and the influence of leading teachers (such as Hugo Rahner, Miguel A. Fiorito, Gaston Fessard) in the interpretation of the charism of the Society of Jesus: magis, discernment, charitas discreta, dialectic inscribed in te adage "Non coerceri maximo, contineri tamen a minimo divinum est". The author examines the text of the Spirituals Exercises that Jorge M. Bergoglio offered the Spanish Bishops (2006). In this way, this study shows that Ignatian Spirituality is a hallmark of Francis' pontificate.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
TRABAJO DE FIN DE MÁSTER
No full textMáster Universitario en Acceso a la Abogacía y Máster en Asesoría FiscalEl presente informe pretende analizar las distintas cuestiones jurídicas del grupo familiar español (la “Familia”) en adelante (“el Cliente”) desde el punto de vista fiscal de los diferentes proyectos tanto de inversión como de desinversión que plantea el caso, así como cualquier otra operación que sea necesaria su estudio. Las cuestiones por analizar se estudiarán tanto en torno a la imposición directa como indirecta, para una vez llegados a este punto, poder resaltar las cuestiones controvertidas y fundamentar el motivo de la elección elegida, explicando los pros y contras de esta, así como las posibles actuaciones para poder mitigar los posibles riesgos. Por último, se expondrán las conclusiones respecto a las recomendaciones efectuadas a nuestro Cliente ante las cuestiones suscitadas.This report aims to analyze the different legal issues of the Spanish family group (the "Family") from the tax point of view of the different investment and disinvestment projects that the case raises, as well as any other operation that needs to be studied. The questions to be analyzed will be studied both in relation to direct and indirect taxation, so that once this point has been reached, the controversial issues can be highlighted and the reason for the choice made can be justified, explaining the pros and cons of this choice, as well as the possible actions to be taken in order to mitigate the possible risks. Finally, conclusions will be drawn regarding the recommendations made to our Client
Trabajo de Fin de Máster Universitario en ?Acceso a la Abogacía - Especialidad de Derecho ?de las Políticas Públicas
Get PDFMáster Universitario en Acceso a la AbogacíaEl presente Trabajo de Fin de Máster analiza las diversas problemáticas que se han suscitado durante el estado de alarma desde el punto de vista del Derecho sancionador. En él se concluye, entre otras ideas, que el Real Decreto 463/2020, de 14 de marzo debería haber establecido un régimen sancionador específico pues era la única norma habilitada para ello y que los incumplimientos de las restricciones impuestas durante el estado de alarma no pueden ser sancionados en virtud del artículo 36.6 LOPSC, dado que esa nueva interpretación es contraria no sólo a la interpretación que el propio Ministerio de Interior le había dado siempre, sino también a la jurisprudencia, a lo aconsejado por la Abogacía General del Estado y al propio espíritu de la norma.The present Master's thesis analyzes the various problems that have arisen during the state of alarm from the point of view of sanctioning law. It concludes, among other ideas, that the Royal Decree 463/2020, of March 14, should have established a specific sanctioning regime, since it was the only norm authorized to do so, and that the breaches of the restrictions imposed during the state of alarm cannot be sanctioned under Article 36.6 LOPSC, since this new interpretation is contrary not only to the interpretation that the Ministry of Interior itself had always given, but also to the jurisprudence, to the advice of the General State Attorney and to the very spirit of the norm
Trabajo de Fin de Máster MUAA
No full textMáster Universitario en Acceso a la Abogacía y Máster Universitario en Derecho de la EmpresaX