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Review Of The Virtue Of Solidarity Edited By A. Sangiovanni And J. Viehoff
No full textIn this excellent anthology of original work, 12 philosophers explore conceptual, historical, and normative questions and issues pertaining to solidarity from a variety of perspectives. The word itself is of mid 19th-century French origin—where it was used to mark commonality and mutual obligation—and carries its origin into contemporary Anglo-American philosophy. The essays are substantive and carefully argued, and often conflict with one another in enlightening ways. At the most fundamental level, all agree that that the concept of solidarity applies to cases where the relations between people satisfy some conditions of unity or togetherness. At the same time, the authors have differing conceptions of solidarity. For example, there are disagreements as to whether solidarity is always a good thing, the extent to which being in solidarity is compatible with universal commitments, and the ways in which it differs from closely related notions, such as fraternity. Different types of solidarity are also explored: e.g., social, civic, and political. There is thoughtful discussion, too, of paradigmatic versus non-standard cases. Finally, there are detailed discussions by sociologists and philosophers who have written about the topic. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Advanced undergraduates through faculty
Confirmation Of A Sub-Saturn-Size Transiting Exoplanet Orbiting A G Dwarf: TOI-1194 b And A Very Low Mass Companion Star: TOI-1251 B From TESS
No full textWe report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet, TOI-1194 b, with a mass of about 0.456 +0.055/-0.051 MJ, and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5 ± 1.5 MJ, TOI-1251 B. Exoplanet candidates provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium apertures. The analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide, including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign, which aimed at confirming TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes, especially for long-period targets. TOI-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric data. We measure an orbital period of 2.310644 ± 0.000001 days, the radius is 0.767 +0.045/-0.041 RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4 +7.9/-7.3 m s⁻¹. TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data, whose orbital period is 5.973054 +0.000002/-0.000001 days, radius is 0.947 +0.035/-0.033 RJ and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849 +42/-40 m s⁻¹
The Culture Of Peace And Its Neoliberal Bargains: On Jacinta Escudos’s A-B-Sudario
No full textThis article studies one of Central America’s most daring and experimental postwar novels, A-B-Sudario (2003), by Jacinta Escudos. A-B-Sudario centers on the life of a writer named Cayetana, who, amid the postwar devastation of an unnamed Central American country, contends with drug abuse, self-destruction, and a deep sense of malaise. I argue that through an aesthetic of dissonance and fragmentation, A-B-Sudario offers a reply to the incoherence of Central America’s peacebuilding process in the 1990s, when politicians and expert NGOs sought to implement a market-friendly regime of optimism and happiness in an environment still gripped by violence and disaffection. At the heart of the peacebuilding process was the idea that a war-torn society could be engineered to be happy, that all it needed was democracy, an education in peace-friendly values, and entry into the new global culture of consumer capitalism. But such optimism closed its eyes to the fact that the psychological scars of war—the traumas, anxieties, and self-destructive behaviors—were still festering. It is against this ethos of easy optimism that A-B-Sudario positions itself. Through its conflict-ridden protagonist, the novel posits a subjecthood that runs counter to the rosy vision of humanity promoted by the cultural politics of its time. In doing so, it reveals the crisis of subjectivity at the heart of the postwar experience
Risk And Resilience Factors For Primary School Dropout In Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textWe examined child-, family-, and school-level risk and resilience factors associated with school dropout using longitudinal data of fifth-grade students in rural Côte d\u27Ivoire (N = 1195, Mage = 10.75, SDage = 1.42). Children who dropped out of school were older, involved in more child labour, had poorer literacy skills, owned fewer books, and attended schools with poorer learning environments. Cumulative risk (CR) indices revealed that child-level CR was most strongly associated with dropout (b = 0.86, OR = 0.42) compared to family- and school-level CR; further, children with low child-level CR were more likely to drop out when family-level CR was high (b = −0.23, OR = 1.25). Better school infrastructure and teachers were protective for children who were at high risk of dropout yet remained enrolled. Although child- and family-level factors contribute to risk of dropout, school-level factors may mitigate risks and promote academic resilience among students in West Africa
Routes To Understanding The Other: Conversing With Philip Cushman
No full textIn the spirit of the lively conversations enjoyed with Phil Cushman over the years, I pose two challenges to his analysis of populist culture. My attempt here is to press further in his project of understanding the other, while lending affirmation to the values on which his work is based. My concerns are twofold, first with the form of the analysis, and then with the masking of the contribution we scientists make to the conditions under study. In the former case, attempts to understand the other through analyses of their conditions and states of mind, positions us as authors of their lives. A distance is thus created between we the knowers and they, the subjects of our appraisal. In the second case, such distancing obscures the part we play in creating the conditions and mentalities of the populist culture under study. An alternative is proposed, in which our focus shifts from attempts to understand patterns and conditions of the present, to actively creating more promising futures. In the case of philosophical analysis, attention is specifically drawn to the need for illuminating the process of phronesis, especially as related to the vital challenge of generating understanding among peopl
Neurolinguistic Approaches To Bilingual Phonetics And Phonology
No full textThis chapter provides a cross-sectional overview of current neuroimaging techniques and signals used to investigate the processing of linguistically relevant speech units in the bilingual brain. These techniques are reviewed in the light of important contributions to the understanding of perceptual and production processes in different bilingual populations. The chapter is structured as follows. First, we discuss several non-invasive technologies that provide unique insights in the study of bilingual phonetics and phonology. This introductory section is followed by a brief review of the key brain regions and pathways that support the perception and production of speech units. Next, we discuss the neuromodulatory effects of different bilingual experiences on these brain regions from shorter to longer neural latencies and timescales. As we will show, bilingualism can significantly alter the time course, strength, and nature of the neural responses to speech, when compared with monolinguals
Promoting Ethical Technology Design Practices By Leveraging Human Psychology
No full textThe design of technology can result in unintended and unethical consequences. Despite a recent upswing in interventions for enabling more ethical technology design, however, there is little empirical evidence on which strategies work and why. In this review and provocation, we detail how research on the psychology of belief and behavior change can help shift ethical culture within technology design teams, organizations, and the industry more broadly. We suggest three approaches, each supported by empirical evidence: (1) questioning intuitive assumptions, (2) highlighting system complexity, and (3) targeting social and organizational structures. Crucially, these three approaches rely on both individual and social mechanisms, and we propose that effective strategies will make use of the interdependence between individuals’ beliefs and their social behavior to change the broader culture of ethical technology design. We provide ten suggestions that teams and organizations can implement to foster more ethical behavior and conclude with next steps
The IgLON Family Of Cell Adhesion Molecules Expressed In Developing Neural Circuits Ensure The Proper Functioning Of The Sensory System In Mice
No full textDeletions and malfunctions of the IgLON family of cell adhesion molecules are associated with anatomical, behavioral, and metabolic manifestations of neuropsychiatric disorders. We have previously shown that IgLON genes are expressed in sensory nuclei/pathways and that IgLON proteins modulate sensory processing. Here, we examined the expression of IgLON alternative promoter-specific isoforms during embryonic development and studied the sensory consequences of the anatomical changes when one of the IgLON genes, Negr1, is knocked out. At the embryonal age of E12.5 and E13.5, various IgLONs were distributed differentially and dynamically in the developing sensory areas within the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as in limbs and mammary glands. Sensory tests showed that Negr1 deficiency causes differences in vestibular function and temperature sensitivity in the knockout mice. Sex-specific differences were noted across olfaction, vestibular functioning, temperature regulation, and mechanical sensitivity. Our findings highlight the involvement of IgLON molecules during sensory circuit formation and suggest Negr1’s critical role in somatosensory processing