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The Class Ceiling In The United States: Class-Origin Pay Penalties In Higher Professional And Managerial Occupations
No full textGender and racial pay penalties are well-known: women (of all races) and people of color (of all genders) earn less, on average, even when they gain access to occupations historically reserved for White men. Studies of social mobility show that people from working-class backgrounds in the US have also been excluded from top professional and managerial occupations. But do working-class-origin people who attain top US jobs face a class-origin pay penalty? Despite evidence of class-origin pay gaps in higher professional and managerial occupations elsewhere, we might expect that the central role of race and racism in US stratification processes, along with the relatively low salience of class identities, would render class origins irrelevant to earnings in exclusive occupations, at least within racial groups. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to link childhood class position to adult occupation and earnings, we describe the racial and class-origin composition of different high-status occupations and the earnings of people within them. We show that when people who are from working-class backgrounds are upwardly mobile into high-status occupations, they earn almost 11,700) even after accounting for education, race and other important predictors of earnings. The gap is largest among White people; there is a class-origin penalty in top US occupations that is distinct from the racial pay gap
The Black American Revolution: The American Revolution as Experienced by African Americans
Get PDFThis paper focuses on how the American Revolution mobilized the enslaved and free black population in a way that constitutes a Black American Revolution. In particular, the enslaved population engaged in multiple efforts for freedom, ranging from fighting in the Revolutionary War to writing petitions to state legislatures. First, I present how the slavery metaphor propagated by white Loyalists indicates the inherent differences in how the white and black populations experienced the Revolution. There is an overall discussion of the various methods the enslaved used in their attempts to gain freedom: military service, slave petitions, freedom suits, and escape. I also examine the surge of free black communities as a result of the Revolution, helped by white abolitionist allies. Additionally, the impact the Revolution had on slavery as an institution is assessed in both the North and South. Finally, the overall success of the Black American Revolution is determined
Heroes, Victims, and Future Citizens: Representations of French Children During World War I
Get PDFThe effects of total war society in France during WWI dramatically altered the daily lives of both adults and children, witnessing increasing levels of patriotic rhetoric, wartime propaganda, and anti-German sentiment. Children were often made the focal point of this propaganda, as they represented the future of the nation. As such, three specific representations of children emerge from WWI propaganda in France: the heroic child, the victimized child, and the malleable future citizen. Some of these representations were depicted in propaganda meant for children specifically, while others were depicted in propaganda meant to mobilize adults in the name of children. Regardless of whether the propaganda was made for children or simply manipulated their images to mobilize adults, these representations established the only acceptable roles that children could fit into in society during the war. By analyzing collections of photographs, posters, newspaper articles, children\u27s literature, memoirs, and school assignments from 1914 to 1919, it is possible to examine the development of these representations of children in French media during WWI and, to an extent, judge whether or not children understood themselves as fitting into these roles
Rider of the Black Horse
Get PDFThis article explores the actions and ideology of the Russian revolutionary and terrorist Boris Savinkov through his final novel, The Black Horse. I argue that the book represents its author\u27s attempt to come to terms with a world in which he feels politically homeless with the victory of his enemy, the Bolsheviks. Savinkov reckons with his fate through the liberal use of Biblical allusions and apocalyptic imagery
Elm Avenue Storm Drain Outfall Surge Control
Get PDFI designed a control structure just past the storm drain outfall at the end of Elm Avenue near Swarthmore College’s North entrance. This structure will allow the large, fast-moving flow from the outfall to be discharged in a more controlled manner after rain events, preventing erosion and damage to the Crum Woods downstream of the outfall. To create my design, I consulted with experienced professionals and created a model of the contributing drainage area to determine the site needs and characteristics to decide an appropriate design. For the design itself, I used CAD and GIS software to model the size, shape, and location of the physical structures to be designed. I will pass on the design to the College so they can decide whether they actually want it constructed, but any further steps lie outside the scope of this project
Personalized Quiz Maker: Novel feature for Alby learning management system
Get PDFThis report details the development of a personalized quiz feature for the Alby learning management platform, designed to enhance student learning by generating quizzes tailored to individual performance data. The project involved creating an algorithm to analyze dynamic student data and identify areas for improvement and then using OpenAI\u27s GPT-4 to generate the multiple choice quizzes with elaborative feedback. Developed as a serverless application with AWS tools, the feature operates independently from the main platform. Despite the absence of applicable professional standards and constraints like limited data availability, the project met its functional requirements, demonstrating the potential to improve educational outcomes through customized, adaptive quizzes. Future work will aim to optimize quiz generation times and explore the development of a custom AI model
Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is: An analysis of medical school websites v. trans patient experiences
Get PDFFrom Social Justice to Social Conflict: Reframing Abortion Access in the United States
Get PDFIn our social world, the way we talk about things matters. Our construction of the social factors that influence us affects how we perceive them and what we can do about them. The United States fosters intense domestic hostility and hatred, often manifest through problems considered “social justice issues.” A liberal framing of “social justice” related to individual injustice negatively affects how we think about resolving these conflicts. Using reproductive justice in the United States as a case study, my thesis argues for reframing “social justice” as “social conflict.” While “social justice” and “social conflict” need not be mutually exclusive, the reframing offers new possibilities for resolution
Death, Love, And Feathers: Poems Teaching Us To Fly
Get PDFDeath, Love, and Feathers: Poems Teaching Us to Fly is an anthology that provides readers who are just starting to become interested in ecopoetry and want a place to begin their wonderful journey. We have incorporated some well-known ecopoets such as Mary Oliver, Robert Frost, Emily Dickinson, and Maya Angelou, which have personally inspired our own interest and sparked our love for ecopoetry. We have also included a few other lesser-known contemporary eco-poets, whose work touches on how our environment has been transformed through climate change. We also present poems by Wanda Coleman, Eleanor Wilner, and Joy Harjo.Through this anthology of eight poems, we highlight 3 prominent themes (love, birds, death) that often serve as a common thread between both ecopoems and poetry writ-large. The commonality of these themes demonstrate how eco-poems can be tied to a multitude of different aspects, not simply about painting a picture of the natural world. These poems highlight additional themes of femininity, different human interactions with the earth, desire, mortality, and violence. Enjoy