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What\u27s In A Social Computing Course: Analyzing Computer And Information Science Syllabi
Get PDFSocial computing systems—such as social media and e-commerce platforms as well as search engines and collaboration software—not only drive vast economic value and societal impact, but are also becoming prominent topics in policy discourse. Although social technology companies heavily recruit students from Computer and Information Science (CS and IS) programs, and social computing is a well-established scholarly field within human-computer interaction (HCI) focused on the social interactions between people mediated through computational systems, little is known about social computing education. Consequently, in this paper we analyzed 25 undergraduate and graduate level courses titled “social computing.” First, as a fast-paced discipline that follows developments in computing as well as related societal implications, we highlight foundational and emergent topics. Second, we map these topics onto the life cycle of social computing systems to highlight gaps in coverage. Third, we map social computing topics to the 2023 ACM CS Curricula Body of Knowledge to provide a framework for introducing social computing concepts into CS and IS curricula. We find that social computing courses require diverse skill sets both within HCI and CS, as well as inter-disciplinary concepts from Sociology, Economics, among others. We conclude with guidelines for designing new social computing courses and discuss ways to critically examine the role of—and the power held by—system builders
Local Fields
No full textIn 1897, Kurt Hensel introduced the p-adic numbers as a way to apply techniques involving power series within the context of number theory. The p-adic numbers are an example of a local field---that is, a field arising as a suitable completion of either a number field or a function field over a finite field. In modern number theory, many deep questions about the arithmetic of number fields have been approached by first investigating their local versions, with applications ranging from Diophantine geometry to the Langlands program.
Starting from discrete valuations, this course will explore the theory of local fields. The first half of the course will focus on arithmetic properties of local fields, highlighting applications of Hensel\u27s lemma to quadratic forms. In the second half of the course, we will shift to the Galois theory of local fields, with an emphasis on ramification groups. Time permitting, we will conclude the course with an application of local Galois theory to the proof of the Kronecker--Weber Theorem
On An Equivalence Of Divisors On M̄\u3csub\u3e0,n\u3c/sub\u3e From Gromov-Witten Theory And Conformal Blocks
No full textWe consider a conjecture that identifies two types of base point free divisors on M̄0,n. The first arises from Gromov-Witten theory of a Grassmannian. The second comes from first Chern classes of vector bundles associated with simple Lie algebras in type A. Here we reduce this conjecture on M̄0,n to the same statement for n = 4. A reinterpretation leads to a proof of the conjecture on M̄0,n for a large class, and we give sufficient conditions for the non-vanishing of these divisors
Interrupted Cities And Open Futures: Architectural Scenario Planning And The Case of Amaravati
No full textThe paper tells the story of the interrupted construction of a new state capital in southern India and the use of a design method — architectural scenario planning (A-SP) – to envision its possible futures. In Amaravati, economic and political disruptions turned a new city project into a contemporary ruin. Begun in 2016, construction on the capital stopped after three years, leaving infrastructures scattered across 217 km2 of appropriated land. Today, the site remains in legal limbo, with foundations, flooded pits and unoccupied concrete towers teeming with plant and animal life in an unplanned rewilding that has deprived 100,000 people of their livelihoods. Scenario planning was conceived at Shell Oil in the 1960s and has since developed in diverse settings. At the method’s heart is the articulation of multiple plausible scenarios dependent on carefully chosen parameters. While competitions and CFPs both can promote diverse visions for a site, they nevertheless are not based on systematically derived, opposed assumptions or viewed outside the framework of an optimal solution. We re-deploy architecture’s capacities beyond a traditional realm of services by using A-SP to envision potential futures for Amaravati. A 2 x 2 planning matrix comprising the either/or variables of land-use and infrastructural build-out structures our exercise. This matrix produces four-scenarios for a 20-year time frame — “Village Islands,” “Networked Farming,” “Suburban Satellites,” and “Horizontal City” – each back-cast at 5 year intervals. Plans, sections and diagrams at multiple scales comprise visual narratives for each of the four scenarios, leveraging architecture’s capacity for graphic description. This graphic aspect distinguishes A-SP from the written accounts and quantitative data that describe futures in traditional exercises. Although there continue to be developments with graphic spatial interfaces at the GIS and urban scale in recent scenario planning exercises, we argue that architecture’s trans-scalar tools and material engagement allow it to more convincingly envision alternatives
Nonlinear Elasticity And Short-Range Mechanical Coupling Govern The Rate And Symmetry Of Mouth Opening In Hydra
No full textHydra has a tubular bilayered epithelial body column with a dome-shaped head on one end and a foot on the other. Hydra lacks a permanent mouth: its head epithelium is sealed. Upon neuronal activation, a mouth opens at the apex of the head which can exceed the body column diameter in seconds, allowing Hydra to ingest prey larger than itself. While the kinematics of mouth opening are well characterized, the underlying mechanism is unknown. We show that Hydra mouth opening is generated by independent local contractions that require tissue-level coordination. We model the head epithelium as an active viscoelastic nonlinear spring network. The model reproduces the size, timescale and symmetry of mouth opening. It shows that radial contractions, travelling inwards from the outer boundary of the head, pull the mouth open. Nonlinear elasticity makes mouth opening larger and faster, contrary to expectations. The model correctly predicts changes in mouth shape in response to external forces. By generating innervated : nerve-free chimera in experiments and simulations, we show that nearest-neighbour mechanical signalling suffices to coordinate mouth opening. Hydra mouth opening shows that in the absence of long-range chemical or neuronal signals, short-range mechanical coupling is sufficient to produce long-range order in tissue deformations
Coastal Marine Heatwaves In The Santa Barbara Channel: Decadal Trends And Ecological Implications
Get PDFMarine heatwaves (MHWs) are of increasing concern due to the emerging ecological and socioeconomic impacts on coastal ecosystems. Leveraging the data of the Santa Barbara Coastal Long-Term Ecological Research project, we analyzed the MHW event metrics observed in the kelp forest ecosystem and across Santa Barbara Channel, CA, USA. Not only was there a significant positive trend in the number of MHWs recorded, their duration and intensity were also increasing over time. MHWs were detected year-round, suggesting that marine organisms have exposure risks regardless of their phenology. Exposure at one life history stage could have a legacy effect on the subsequent stages, implying little temporal refuge. In contrast, the coastal mooring data revealed that near-surface and bottom events were not necessarily coupled even at less than 15 m. Such spatial variation in MHWs might provide a temporary refuge for mobile species. These observations also highlight the importance of depth-stratified, long-term coastal monitoring to understand spatio-temporal variation in MHW stress on coastal communities
Reversible O–H Bond Activation By Tripodal Tris(Nitroxide) Aluminum And Gallium Complexes
Get PDFHerein, we report the preparation and characterization of the Group 13 metal complexes of a tripodal tris(nitroxide)-based ligand, designated (TriNOx³⁻)M (M = Al (1), Ga (2), In (3)). Complexes 1 and 2 both activate the O–H bond of a range of alcohols spanning a ∼10 pKₐ unit range via an element-ligand cooperative pathway to afford the zwitterionic complexes (HTriNOx²⁻)M–OR. Structures of these alcohol adduct products are discussed. We demonstrate that the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the reactions are both influenced by the identity of the metal, with 1 having higher reaction equilibrium constants and proceeding at a faster rate relative to 2 for any given alcohol. These parameters are also influenced by the pKₐ of the alcohol, with more acidic alcohols reacting both to more completion and faster than their less acidic counterparts. Possible mechanistic pathways for the O–H activation are discussed
Equity And Inclusion Considerations In CS Education For Students Living With Mental Health And Medical Conditions
No full textAs our community seeks to make Computer Science education more accessible amidst a global mental health crisis and with many students living with chronic illnesses and other medical conditions, it becomes more and more urgent to address student health concerns in CS classes and in the spaces that we create. Despite the important and long overdue increase in the number of diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) initiatives in CS, these efforts run the risk of overlooking the needs of students living with ongoing mental health and medical conditions, who are underrepresented and marginalized in our field. This session seeks to explore ways in which current DEIA efforts in CS in higher education can be expanded to be more inclusive of students living with mental health and medical conditions. We seek to create a space for a constructive and open conversation in which we will discuss how current outreach efforts, recruitment and retention strategies, supportive accommodations, mentorship opportunities, community building, and career advancement can be broadened and modified to meet the unique needs of these students, while at the same time seeking to erase any stigma and misconceptions that may cause others to marginalize and exclude them. Participants will have an opportunity to discuss issues that affect CS students living with mental health and medical conditions, share resources that are available for both students and educators, and describe efforts to create and foster a culture of understanding and support for these communities within our field