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Gender Categorization And Memory In Transgender And Cisgender People
No full textGender categorization is central to everyday life. Discussions about gender have traditionally focused on gender identities, or gender categories to which a person might have an internal sense of belonging (e.g., men and women, boys and girls). More recently, discussions about gender also include gender modality (transgender or cisgender), or how a person\u27s gender identity relates to their sex assigned at birth. In this registered report, we investigate gender-relevant categorization including gender identity and gender modality using measures assessing the automatic encoding of categories and explicit beliefs about the similarity between categories. We also compare performance on these tasks in transgender and cisgender youth and adults to help shed light on long-standing debates about the role of experience in categorization. Across two studies (N = 1144), we found that participants automatically encoded both gender identity and gender modality, and that variations in categorization between participant groups were largely mediated by participants\u27 attitudes (i.e., openness to nonbinary identities) and experiences (i.e., contact with trans people). These results thus help refine our psychological theories of gender categorization to more accurately reflect the landscape of gender categories permeating modern society
Review Of Filippo Taglioni: A Major Figure Of The Romantic Ballet In Transnational Context Edited By B. Ligore
No full textThe Fundamental And Realized Vertical Niches Of \u3cem\u3eAvicennia germinans\u3c/em\u3e In A Florida Marsh-Mangrove Ecotone
No full textIn Northeast Florida, Avicennia germinans are colonizing saltmarshes that have been free of mangroves for decades. We examined the relationship between elevation and survivorship along a creekbank in a saltmarsh-mangrove ecotone to better understand the elevational niche of A. germinans. We combined a mangrove planting experiment with measurements of natural mangrove colonization to assess how elevation-related biophysical variables influence seedling establishment. We then used habitat suitability modeling to project mangrove expansion across the broader study area based on these findings. We found that A. germinans did not occupy its full fundamental vertical niche along the creekbank. Some seedlings survived throughout the study across a broader elevational range (from 10% to 82% survival from −0.1 to 0.8 m NAVD88) than where natural colonization occurred (95% of volunteer mangroves were found from 0.3 to 0.7 m NAVD88). The optimal elevation for survivorship of planted seedlings was 0.45 m NAVD88, corresponding to a hydroperiod of 19% of daily inundation and survival of 77.8% of transplanted seedlings. Mangrove growth was highest at 0.12 m NAVD88, however, this may be due to abiotic and biotic stressors that select for taller, or faster growing seedlings. We predict that the realized vertical niche of A. germinans will expand in the ecotone as dispersal limitations decrease. Understanding the vertical niche of A. germinans improves our ability to predict local mangrove distribution shifts and better plan for restoration
Full Issue: Volume 6, Issue 2
No full textThe second issue in the sixth volume of the Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
Explicit Non-Gorenstein = Via Rank Bounds I: Deformation Theory
No full textRibet has proven remarkable results about non-optimal levels of residually reducible Galois representations. We focus on a non-optimal level N that is the product of two distinct primes and where the Galois deformation ring is not expected to be Gorenstein. We prove a Galois-theoretic criterion for the deformation ring to be as small as possible—that is, for there to be a unique newform of level N with reducible residual representation. When this criterion is satisfied, we deduce an = theorem
Optical Spin Sensing And Metamagnetic Phase Control In The 2D Van Der Waals Magnet Yb³⁺-Doped CrPS₄
No full textThe emergence of two-dimensional magnets within the van der Waals toolkit has introduced extraordinary opportunities to develop ultrathin spintronic technologies. Strong coupling between spin and optical properties in such materials can further enable powerful spin-photonic capabilities of both fundamental and technological interest. Here, we investigate the optical and spin properties of the air-stable, layered A-type antiferromagnet chromium thiophosphate (CrPS4) when doped with Yb3+. We show that the collective spin properties of CrPS4 are encoded in the sharp f–f luminescence of isolated Yb3+ dopants via strong magnetic superexchange coupling between the two, and that spontaneous magnetic ordering in CrPS4 induces large exchange splittings in the narrow Yb3+ f–f photoluminescence features below TN. Spin reorientation in CrPS4 via a “spin-flop” metamagnetic transition modulates the Yb3+ f–f luminescence energies and exchange splittings. This pronounced link between spin and optical properties enables the demonstration of optically driven spin-flop transitions in CrPS4
Accounting For Tastes: On The Epistemic Significance Of Affective Character
No full textThis article explores the epistemology of a particular dimension of perceptual experience: its affective character. This includes the ‘badness’ of, for example, the smell of garbage or the pain of a stubbed toe and the ‘goodness’ of the taste of chocolate, touch of sunshine, or sound of a musical chord. I take the view that affective character is epistemically significant, disclosing objective axiological relations in which elements (garbage, bodily harm, sunshine, chocolate, and consonance) stand to perceivers. To this end I analyze two representationalist approaches to valenced perception—evaluativism and attitudinalism—which serve as exemplars of, respectively, cognitivism and non-cognitivism. Cognitivists claim that valence supervenes on the empirically significant element of a perception—its content—while non-cognitivists suggest that it supervenes on elements that are not truth-apt and therefore not a direct source of the perception’s empirical significance. Considering principled objections that they each face, I propose a non-representationalist alternative—one that aims to explain not only why perceptual pleasure and pain are epistemically significant, but why they are themselves (non-instrumentally and pro tanto) good and bad for subjects
Psychological Measurement Of Technology Ethics Education Using The REGAIN Empirical Framework
No full textEthics coursework in higher education offers a key opportunity to shift the ethical culture of technology design and development. It could improve anticipation of potential tech harms, increase use of reasoning to address harms proactively, and change how students weigh values against other competing goals within the complex systems of tech companies. Yet, of the empirical measurements that have been developed to assess the effects of tech ethics coursework, most focus only on measuring the quality of students\u27 abstract reasoning, not their ability to foresee problems or their intended strategies to address them in complex environments. Here we draw on evidence from the human psychology of belief and behavior change to develop a new framework for measuring the effects of tech ethics coursework. Our REGAIN framework assesses how students Reason about ethical decisions, Evaluate their own ethical decision-making, prioritize ethical Goals and values, become Aware of ethical dilemmas, acquire ethically-relevant Information, and perceive social Norms around ethical behavior. We describe the psychological research informing how we operationalize these constructs in the current framework, and we report a study11This work involved human subjects in its research. Approval of all ethical and experimental procedures and protocols was granted by Princeton University. using this framework to measure the effects of a course on tech ethics at a research institution in the United States. Though we cannot draw conclusions about causation, our data suggests that students who completed a tech ethics course showed higher moral awareness of potential tech harms compared to a control condition. Tech ethics students also differed in their reasoning strategies and metacognitive judgements, and they reported stronger intentions to seek diverse perspectives and prioritize society\u27s goals more than their own goals as developers
“It’s Like A Disconnection” – Political Skepticism Among Poor And Working-Class Black And Latine People
No full textIn this paper, we put existing empirical research on race, class, and political participation in conversation with preliminary voting data from November 2024 and in-depth interviews with 109 Black and 26 Latine poor and working-class Pennsylvanians. We argue that a key component of the 2024 election – and a concern for US democracy more broadly – is a belief among many lower-income Black and Latine people who are eligible to vote in the US that electoral politics is essentially a game played by people unlike themselves. Many of our interviewees told us about the lack of change they had seen in their communities, and believed that politicians did not care about Black, Latino/Hispanic, or poor and working-class people like themselves. Their views can help us understand the low rates of turnout in the 2024 election (and many previous elections) amongst low-income Black and Latine people
