PhareSST (Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé)
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Cardiac monitoring with textile capacitive electrodes in driving applications: Characterization of signal quality and RR duraction accuracy
Full text linkCapacitive ECG sensors in automobiles enable unobtrusive heart rate monitoring as an indicator of a driver’s alertness and health. This paper introduces a capacitive sensor with textile electrodes and provides insights into signal quality and RR duration accuracy. Electrodes of various shapes, sizes, and fabrics were integrated at various positions into the seat back of a driving simulator car seat. Seven subjects completed identical driving circuits with their cardiac signals being recorded simultaneously with textile electrodes and reference Ag-AgCl electrodes. Capacitive ECG signals with observable R peaks (after filtering) could be captured with almost all pairs of textile electrodes, independently of design or placement. Signal quality from textile electrodes was consistently lower compared with reference Ag-AgCl electrodes. Proximity to the heart or even contact with the body seems to be key but not enough to improve signal quality. However, accurate measurement of RR durations was mostly independent of signal quality since 90% of all RR durations measured on capacitive ECG signals had a percentage error below 5% compared to reference ECG signals. Accuracy was actually algorithm-dependent, where a classic Pan–Tompkins-based algorithm was interestingly outperformed by an in-house frequency-domain algorithm
Prélèvement de surface sur écouvillon
No full textCette vidéo montre comment effectuer un prélèvement de surface avec un écouvillon pour l’analyse de bactéries et de moisissures cultivables.
Documents associés : I-MAT-048 MA-340 Identification des moisissures cultivables MA-341 Indentification des bactéries cultivable
Protecteurs fixes et distance de sécurité : comment aider les utilisatrices et utilisateurs à rendre l\u27installation sécuritaire?
No full textCette conférence présente le guide conjoint produit par l’IRSST et la CNESST sur les protecteurs fixes et les distances de sécurité, dans une optique de prévention des risques mécaniques. Laurent Giraud, ex-chercheur en sécurité des machines, explique les origines de ce guide et les différentes versions qui ont été publiées depuis 2008. Il parle des choix éditoriaux et détaille les différentes parties du guide en faisant aussi un lien avec le sécurimètre. Cette conférence offre un regard éclairant sur un des moyens de réduction des risques mécaniques fortement utilisé dans toutes les entreprises, grandes et petites. Elle permet de comprendre que la mise en œuvre d\u27un protecteur fixe nécessite un peu de doigté et quelques réflexions afin d\u27obtenir un résultat sécuritaire
Leviers pour des pratiques favorables au retour et maintien durable au travail dans les PME
No full textLors de cet événement, les scientifiques présenteront la mise en œuvre des pratiques de gestion des invalidités dans les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), ainsi que les principaux leviers pour un retour et maintien durable au travail (RMDT). Cette conférence s’adresse à un public large de travailleuses, travailleurs et de professionnelles, professionnels de la réadaptation et de la santé et de la sécurité au travail. La conférencière et le conférencier discuteront des enjeux uniques de la gestion des incapacités dans les PME et du potentiel de la mise en place des mécanismes collaboratifs pour mieux soutenir ces entreprises dans leurs efforts à prévenir l’incapacité
Filtration efficiency of different protective masks against viral aerosols
No full textDuring the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, masks were widely used to reduce the spread of the virus through aerosols and droplets. While these are generally tested in laboratories for their effectiveness against particles and bacteria, their efficiency against viruses is seldom evaluated. Given the absence of standardized rules governing filtration efficiency against viruses, this study sought to examine how various types of masks perform against virus-containing polydisperse aerosols. Additionally, it aimed at assessing the consistency of mask filtration performances under similar test conditions, considering the heterogeneous nature of the standards for particles. Masks’ filtration efficiencies were determined using a wind tunnel specially designed for this kind of testing. Bacteriophages were used as a proxy for human viruses. Overall, the viral filtration efficiency was higher than that of particles. No significant difference was observed between infectious and total viruses. Particulate filtration performance varied among masks compared to their standard requirements. Filtration efficiency testing should report the specific size used whether it was tested with mono- or polydisperse aerosols to gain a clearer understanding of their effectiveness
Adaptation and validation of the small strain hardening soil model for sensitive clays in eastern Canada
Full text linkThis study focuses on the modelling of the complex behaviour of Champlain Sea deposits of Éastern Canada. Sensitive clays present unique geotechnical challenges due to their significant strength loss upon remolding and complex stress-strain response. The research was conducted in two phases: (1) a laboratory investigation of Louiseville clay under various stress paths and (2) the development and validation of a modified constitutive model based on the Hardening Soil model with small-strain stiffness (HSsmall). Standard HSsmall showed limitations in representing the behaviour of structured sensitive clays, especially in the overconsolidated range. To address this, the HSSstruct model, which improves upon HSsmall by eliminating pre-failure shear hardening, was developed. Validation against laboratory tests showed excellent agreement, with an average deviation of ±2 kPa in undrained shear strength predictions, along with accurate pore pressure response and strain at failure under various stress paths. The model effectively captured the quasi-elastic behaviour of structured sensitive clays before peak strength and outperformed the traditional Mohr-Coulomb model. Despite the need for further refinements for cyclic loading and post-peak softening, this represents the first dedicated constitutive model for Éastern Canadian sensitive clays. Its integration into Plaxis enables advanced elasto-plastic modelling, improving the reliability of geotechnical design in sensitive clay regions
Total outward leakage reduction efficiency of different protective masks using model viruses
No full textTotal outward leakage reduction efficiency against viral particles for masks is not well known. The objective of this study was to evaluate this efficiency for various masks against virus-containing polydisperse aerosols. To achieve that, a test bench previously built for particulate total outward leakage reduction efficiency evaluation was adapted to generate viral aerosols. Total outward leakage reduction efficiency against viral particles was measured for 10 different masks using a wind tunnel and a mannequin head. The impact of washing on the total outward leakage reduction efficiency was assessed for three barrier face coverings against viral particles. Total outward leakage reduction efficiency for viruses was generally higher than for particles (0.52–3.3 µm) since each of these particles could contain more than one virion and have a greater impact on the viral efficiency compared to particles. Washing did not have a major impact on the efficiency measured for the barrier face coverings tested. Total outward leakage reduction efficiency tests could be done using inert particles since total outward leakage reduction efficiency was lower against particles (0.52–3.3 µm) than against infectious viruses. However, using biological particles may be a better way to interpret the risk associated with infectious aerosols
Trajectories of immigrant workers with work-related injuries: The path to mistrust
No full textIn Quebec, injured workers are entitled to medical assistance, wage replacement, and rehabilitation. While many cases are resolved smoothly, ethnographic research reveals that immigrant workers may face disruptions that foster mistrust and hinder recovery. This study examines how mistrust shapes the rehabilitation experiences of immigrant workers and identifies its root causes and impacts. Based on ethnographic observations at a Montreal rehabilitation clinic and 21 in-depth interviews with injured immigrants workers conducted between 2020 and 2024, the research highlights how mistrust emerges from experiences of racism, discrimination, perceived betrayal, employer practices, conflicting medical opinions, and fraudulent behaviors. These factors, often intersecting across institutional systems, contribute to a cumulative burden that impedes recovery and wellbeing. The findings underscore the need for systemic changes to build trust and improve rehabilitation outcomes for immigrant workers
A comprehensive review and bibliometric analysis on collaborative robotics for industry: Safety emerging as a core focus
Full text linkResearch organizations and academics often seek to map the development of scientific fields, identify research gaps, and guide the direction of future research. In cobot-related research, the scientific literature consulted does not propose any comprehensive research agenda. Moreover, cobots, industrial robots inherently designed to collaborate with humans, bring with them emerging issues. To solve them, interdisciplinary research is often essential (e.g., combination of engineering, ergonomics and biomechanics expertise to handle safety challenges). This paper proposes an exhaustive study that employs a scoping review and bibliometric analysis to provide a structured macro perspective on the developments, key topics, and trends in cobot research for industry. A total of 2,195 scientific publications were gained from the Web of Science database, and a thorough selection process narrowed them down to 532 papers for comprehensive analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze bibliometric measures, highlighting publication trends, leading journals, the most productive institutions, engaged countries, influential authors, and prominent research topics. Co-authorship and bibliographic couplings were also examined. Through a co-occurrence analysis of terms, the content and research objectives of the papers were systematically reviewed and lead to a univocal categorization framework. That categorization can support organizations or researchers in different cobotics (collaborative robotics) fields by understanding research developments and trends, identifying collaboration opportunities, selecting suitable publication venues, advancing the theoretical and experimental understanding of automatic collaborative systems, and identifying research directions and predicting the evolution of publication quantity in cobotics
LLM-driven FMEA for safe human-robot collaboration in disassembly
No full textDisassembly operations often present unstructured and unpredictable scenarios, such as handling hazardous materials, addressing ergonomic strain, and managing dynamic robot interactions that pose safety risks. To tackle these challenges, we propose an innovative use of large language models (LLMs) to enhance failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) in the context of human-robot collaboration (HRC) for disassembly tasks. We developed an LLM system leveraging retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for real-time risk analysis and recommendation generation. RAG retrieves domain-specific information from the FMEA knowledge database, enabling accurate risk analysis, contextual understanding, and relevant recommendations based on user input and operational data. Evaluation of the model demonstrated precision, achieving a BLEU score of 86.5, a ROUGE-L score of 89.2, and a cosine similarity score of 0.92 compared to ISO reference documents. These results underscore the system’s capability to produce domain-specific recommendations closely aligned with safety technical specifications. The system accelerates the FMEA process by identifying failure modes, prioritizing risks, and proposing mitigation strategies in real time, enhancing adaptability to collaborative disassembly complexities. This model proactively addresses hazards like toxic material exposure or robotic arm glitches, transforming risk management with precision and efficiency. A customized prototype demonstrates its effectiveness, featuring real-time risk analysis, domain-specific knowledge retrieval, and context-aware recommendations. Its user-friendly design and adaptability to dynamic scenarios, such as hazardous material handling, showcase its potential to redefine risk assessment in collaborative settings